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A. Tesi

Publications and source records attributed to A. Tesi.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
arXiv2023

Cryogenic RPWELL: a novel charge-readout element for dual-phase argon TPCs

The first operation of a cryogenic Resistive Plate WELL (RPWELL) detector in the saturated vapor of liquid argon is reported. The RPWELL detector was composed of a Thick Gas Electron Multiplier (THGEM) electrode coupled to a metallic anode via Fe$_2$O$_3$/YSZ ceramics (Fe$_2$O$_3$ in weight equal to 75$\%$), with tunable bulk resistivity in the range 10$^{9}$ - 10$^{12}$ $\Omega\cdot$cm. The detector was operated at liquid argon temperature in saturated argon vapor (90~K, 1.2~bar) and characterized in terms of its effective charge gain and stability against discharges. Maximum stable gain of G$\approx$17 was obtained, without discharges. In addition, preliminary results from novel 3D-printed thermoplastic plates doped with carbon nanotubes are presented.

physics.ins-det↗
arXiv2023

Development of Fe$_2$O$_3$/YSZ ceramic plates for cryogenic operation of resistive-protected gaseous detectors

We present a ceramic material based on hematite (Fe$_2$O$_3$) and zirconia stabilized with yttria at 8% molar (YSZ), that exhibits stable electrical properties with transported charge and that can be tuned to the resistivities necessary to induce spark-quenching in gaseous detectors ($ρ= 10^9-10^{12}$ $Ω\cdot$cm), from room temperature down to the liquid-vapor coexistence point of nitrogen (77 K). It, thus, allows covering the operating temperatures of most immediate interest to gaseous instrumentation. The ceramics have been produced in a region of mass concentrations far from what has been usually explored in literature: optimal characteristics are achieved for Fe$_2$O$_3$ concentrations of 75%wt (LAr boiling temperature), 35%wt (LXe boiling temperature), and 100%wt (room temperature). The nine order of magnitude enhancement observed for the electrical conductivity of the mixed phases relative to that of pure Fe$_2$O$_3$ is startling, however it can be qualitatively understood based on existing literature. Plates of 4 cm x 4 cm have been manufactured and, prior to this work, operated in-detector at the LXe boiling point (165 K), demonstrating spark-free operation. Preliminary results obtained for the first time on a spark-protected amplification structure (RP-WELL) at around the LAr boiling point (90 K) are now presented, too.

physics.ins-det↗
arXiv2023

The cryogenic RWELL: a stable charge multiplier for dual-phase liquid-argon detectors

The operation of a cryogenic Resistive WELL (RWELL) in liquid argon vapor is reported for the first time. It comprises a Thick Gas Electron Multiplier (THGEM) structure coupled to a resistive Diamond-Like Carbon (DLC) anode deposited on an insulating substrate. The multiplier was operated at cryogenic temperature (90~K, 1.2~bar) in saturated argon vapor and characterized in terms of charge gain and electrical stability. A comparative study with standard, non-resistive THGEM (a.k.a LEM) and WELL multipliers, confirmed the RWELL advantages in terms of discharge quenching - thus superior gain and stability.

physics.ins-det↗
arXiv2023

Novel resistive charge-multipliers for dual-phase LAr-TPCs: towards stable operation at higher gains

Cryogenic versions of Resistive WELL (RWELL) and Resistive Plate WELL (RPWELL) detectors have been developed, aimed at stable avalanche multiplication of ionization electrons in dual-phase TPCs. In the RWELL, a thin resistive layer deposited on top of an insulator is inserted in between the electron multiplier (THGEM) and the readout anode; in the RPWELL, a resistive plate is directly coupled to the THGEM. Radiation-induced ionization electrons in the liquid are extracted into the gaseous phase. They drift into the THGEM's holes where they undergo charge multiplication. Embedding resistive materials into the multiplier proved to enhance operation stability due to the mitigation of electrical discharges - thus allowing operation at higher charge gain compared to standard THGEM (a.k.a. LEM) multipliers. We present the detector concepts and report on the main preliminary results.

physics.ins-det↗
arXiv2021

Bubble dynamics in Liquid Hole Multipliers

In bubble-assisted Liquid HoleMultipliers(LHM), developed for noble-liquid radiation detectors, the stability of the bubble and the electro-mechanical properties of the liquid-to-gas interface play a dominant role in the detector performance. A model is proposed to evaluate the static equilibrium configurations of a bubble sustained underneath a perforated electrode immersed in a liquid. For the first time bubbles were optically observed in LAr; their properties were studied in contact with different material surfaces. This permitted investigating the bubble-electrodynamics via numerical simulations; it was shown that the electric field acts as an additional pressure term on the bubble meniscus. The predictions for the liquid-to-gas interface were successfully validated using X-ray micro-CT in water and in silicone oil at STP. The proposed model and the results of this study are an important milestone towards understanding and optimizing the parameters of LHM-based noble-liquid detectors.

physics.ins-det↗
arXiv2019

Bubble-assisted Liquid Hole Multipliers in LXe and LAr: towards "local dual-phase TPCs"

The bubble-assisted Liquid Hole Multiplier (LHM) is a novel concept for the combined detection of ionization electrons and scintillation photons in noble-liquid time projection chambers. It consists of a perforated electrode immersed in the noble liquid, with heating wires generating a stable bubble underneath. Radiation-inducted ionization electrons in the liquid drift into the electrode's holes and cross the liquid-vapor interface into the bubble where they induce electroluminescence (EL). The top surface of the electrode is optionally coated with a CsI photocathode; radiation-induced UV-scintillation photons extract photoelectrons that induce EL in a similar way. EL-photons recorded with an array of photosensors, e.g. SiPMs, provide event localization. We present the basic principles of the LHM and summarize the results obtained in LXe and LAr.

physics.ins-det↗
arXiv2019

Novel Resistive-Plate WELL sampling element for (S)DHCAL

Digital and Semi-Digital Hadronic Calorimeters (S)DHCAL were suggested for future Colliders as part of the particle-flow concept. Though studied mostly with RPC-based techniques, investigations have shown that MPGD-based sampling elements could outperform. An attractive, industry-produced, robust, particle-tracking detector for large-area coverage, e.g. in (S)DHCAL, could be the novel single-stage Resistive Plate WELL (RPWELL). It is a single-sided THGEM coupled to the segmented readout electrode through a sheet of large bulk resistivity. We summarize here the preliminary test-beam results obtained with 6.5 mm thick (incl. electronics) {$48 \times 48\,\mathrm{cm^2}$}~RPWELL detectors. Two configurations are considered: a standalone RPWELL detector studied with 150 GeV muons and high-rate pions beams and RPWELL sampling element investigated within a small-(S)DHCAL prototype consisting of 7 resistive MICROMEGAS sampling elements followed by 5 RPWELL ones. The sampling elements were equipped with a Semi-Digital readout electronics based on the MICROROC chip.

physics.ins-det↗
arXiv2019

The CLIC Potential for New Physics

The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) is a mature option for the future of high energy physics. It combines the benefits of the clean environment of $e^+e^-$ colliders with operation at high centre-of-mass energies, allowing to probe scales beyond the reach of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) for many scenarios of new physics. This places the CLIC project at a privileged spot in between the precision and energy frontiers, with capabilities that will significantly extend knowledge on both fronts at the end of the LHC era. In this report we review and revisit the potential of CLIC to search, directly and indirectly, for physics beyond the Standard Model.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2019

First Imaging Results of a Bubble-assisted Liquid Hole Multiplier with SiPM readout in Liquid Xenon

First imaging results in liquid xenon of a Liquid Hole Multiplier (LHM) coupled to a Quad-Silicon Photomultiplier (SiPM) array are presented. Ionization electrons deposited in the noble liquid by 5.5 MeV alpha particles, are collected into the holes of a Thick Gas Electron Multiplier (THGEM) electrode having a xenon gas bubble trapped underneath. They drift through the liquid-gas interface, inducing electroluminescence within the bubble. The resulting photons are detected with a Hamamatsu VUV4 quad-SiPM array - providing the deposited energy with a charge-only RMS resolution of 6.6%. The image reconstruction resolution was estimated to be ~200 um (RMS).

physics.ins-det↗
arXiv2018

Recent Advances in Bubble-Assisted Liquid Hole Multipliers in Liquid Xenon

We report on recent advances in the operation of bubble-assisted Liquid Hole Multipliers (LHM). By confining a vapor bubble under or adjacent to a perforated electrode immersed in liquid xenon, we could record both radiation-induced ionization electrons and primary scintillation photons in the noble liquid. Four types of LHM electrodes were investigated: a THGEM, standard double-conical GEM, 50 $μ$m-thick single-conical GEM (SC-GEM) and 125 $μ$m-thick SC-GEM - all coated with CsI photocathodes. The 125 $μ$m-thick SC-GEM provided the highest electroluminescence (EL) yields, up to ~400 photons per electron over 4$π$ with an RMS pulse-height resolution reaching 5.5% for events comprising ~7000 primary electrons. Applying a high transfer field across the bubble, the EL yield was further increased by a factor of ~5. The feasibility of a vertical-mode LHM, with the bubble confined between two vertical electrodes, and the operation of a two-stage LHM configuration were demonstrated for the first time. We combine electrostatic simulations with observed signals to draw conclusions regarding the location of the liquid-gas interface and suggest an explanation for the observed differences in EL yield between the investigated electrodes.

physics.ins-det↗