Observation of the Second Tensor Nonet with the L3 Experiment
This paper was withdrawn by arXiv administrators upon request of the Chairperson and Spokesperson of the L3 Collaboration.
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Publications and source records attributed to A. V. Sarantsev.
This paper was withdrawn by arXiv administrators upon request of the Chairperson and Spokesperson of the L3 Collaboration.
The Bethe-Salpeter equations for the light-quark composite systems, q q-bar, are written in terms of spectral integrals. For the q q-bar -mesons characterized by the mass M, spin J and radial quantum number n, the equations are presented for the following (n,M^2)-trajectories: pi_J, eta_J, a_J, f_J, rho_J, omega_J, h_J and b_J.
We present the results of the current analysis of the partial wave IJ^{PC}=00^{++} based on the available data for meson spectra (pi-pi, K\bar K, eta-eta, eta-eta', pi-pi-pi-pi). In the framework of the K-matrix approach, the analytical amplitude has been restored in the mass region 280 MeV< \sqrt s <1900 MeV. The following scalar-isoscalar states are seen: comparatively narrow resonances f_0(980), f_0(1300), f_0(1500), f_0(1750) and the broad state f_0(1200-1600). The positions of the amplitude poles (masses and total widths of the resonances) are determined as well as pole residues (partial widths to meson channels pi-pi, K\bar K, eta-eta, eta-eta', pi-pi-pi-pi). The fitted amplitude gives us the positions of the K-matrix poles (bare states) and the values of bare-state couplings to meson channels thus allowing the quark-antiquark nonet classification of bare states. On the basis of the obtained partial widths to the channels pi-pi, K\bar K, eta-eta, eta-eta', we estimate the quark/gluonium content of f_0(980), f_0(1300), f_0(1500), f_0(1750), f_0(1200-1600). For f_0(980), f_0(1300), f_0(1500) and f_0(1750), their partial widths testify the q\bar q origin of these mesons though being unable to provide precise evaluation of the possible admixture of the gluonium component in these resonances. The ratios of the decay coupling constants for the f_0(1200-1600) support the idea about gluonium nature of this broad state.
We present the results of simultaneous analysis of the S-wave pi pi-spectra in the reactions pi^- p -> (pi^0 pi^0)_S n at p_{lab}=38 GeV/c (GAMS) and pi^- p -> (pi^+ pi^-)_S n at p_{lab}=18 GeV/c (E852 Collaboration) at moderate momenta transferred to the nucleon, |t| < 1.5 (GeV/c)^2. The t-distributions are described by the reggeized pi- and a_1-exchanges provided by the leading and daughter trajectories, while the M_{pi pi}-spectra are determined by a set of scalar-isoscalar resonances. With M_{pi pi}-distributions averaged over t-intervals, we have found several solutions given by different t-channel exchange mechanisms at |t| ~ (0.5-1.5) (GeV/c)^2, with resonance parameters close to each other. We conclude that despite a poor knowledge of the structure of the t-exchange, the characteristics of resonances such as masses and widths can be reliably determined using the processes under discussion. As to pole positions, we have found (1031 +/- 10) - i(35 +/- 6) MeV for f_0(980) and (1315 +/- 20) - i(150 +/- 30) MeV for f_0(1300).
A complete set of formulae in terms of the moment-operator expansion is presented for the two-meson, two-photon and fermion-antifermion states that can be used in the analysis of scalar (S) and pseudoscalar (P) meson production in anti-p p and gamma-gamma collisions: anti-p p -> SS, PP, SP and gamma gamma -> SS, PP, SP.
On the basis of the decay couplings f_0 -> ππ, K\bar K, ηη, ηη', which had been found before, in the study of analytical (IJ^{PC}=00^{++})-amplitude in the mass range 450-1900 MeV, we analyse the quark-gluonium content of resonances f_0(980), f_0(1300), f_0(1500), f_0(1750) and the broad state f_0(1420 ^{+ 150}_{-70}). The K-matrix technique used in the analysis makes it possible to evaluate the quark-gluonium content both for the states with switched-off decay channels (bare states, f^{bare}_0) and the real resonances. We observe significant change of the quark-gluonium composition in the evolution from bare states to real resonances, that is due to the mixing of states in the transitions f_0(m_1)-> real mesons-> f_0(m_2) responsible for the decay processes as well. For the f_0(980), the analysis confirmed the dominance of q\bar q component thus proving the n\bar n/s\bar s composition found in the study of the radiative decays. For the mesons f_0(1300), f_0(1500) and f_0(1750), the hadronic decays do not allow one to determine uniquely the n\bar n, s\bar s and gluonium components providing relative pecentage only. The analysis shows that the broad state f_0(1420 ^{+ 150}_{-70}) can mix with the flavour singlet q\bar q component only, that is consistent with gluonium origin of the broad resonance.
In the article of V.V. Anisovich et al., Yad. Fiz. 63, 1489 (2000), the K-matrix solutions for the wave IJ^{PC}=00^{++} were obtained in the mass region 450 - 1900 MeV where four resonances f0(980), f0(1300), f0(1500), f0(1750) and the broad state f0(1530^{+90}_{-250}) are located. Based on these solutions, we determine partial widths for scalar-isoscalar states decaying into the channels pi-pi, K-anti K, eta-eta, eta-eta', pi-pi-pi-pi and corresponding decay couplings.
In the mass region up to M < 2400 MeV we systematise mesons on the plots (n,M^2) and (J,M^2), thus setting their classification in terms of n^{2S+1}L_J q anti-q states. The trajectories on the (n,M^2)-plots are drawn for the following (IJ^{PC})-states: a_0(10^{++}), a_1(11^{++}), a_2(12^{++}), a_3(13^{++}), a_4(14^{++}), pi(10^{-+}), pi_2(12^{-+}), eta(00^{-+}), eta_2(02^{-+})$, rho(11^{--}), f_0(00^{++}), f_2(02^{++}). All trajectories are linear, with nearly the same slopes. At the (J,M^2)-plot we set out meson states for leading and daughter trajectories: for pi, rho, a_1, a_2 and P'.
We discuss a mechanism by which a set of $q\bar q$-states mixes with an exotic one, so that the exotic state accumulates the widths of the overlapping $\bar qq$ resonances. The broad state created this way acts as a 'locking' state for the others. Using results of a previous analysis of the $(IJ^{PC}=00^{++})$-wave, we estimate the mean radius squared of the broad state $f_0 (1530^{+90}_{-250})$; it appears to be distinctly larger than the mean squared radii of the locked narrow states. This supports an idea about the constructive role of broad states in forming the confinement barrier.
We present a dissenting view of some aspects of the work of the Crystal Barrel collaboration.
We discuss the mechanism of broad state formation when one of several overlapping resonances accumulates the widths of others. This mechanism may be important in the mixing of quark states with exotic ones. The broad resonance acts as a locking state for other states which mix with it; we consider the role of the broad state in the formation of the confinement barrier.
We perform the K-matrix analysis of meson partial waves with IJ^{PC} =00^{++}, 10^{++}, 02^{++}, 12^{++} basing on GAMS data on π^-p -> π^0π^0 n, ηηn, ηη' n together with BNL data on π^-p -> K\bar K n and Crystal Barrel data on p\bar p (at rest) -> π^0π^0π^0, π^0ηη, π^0π^0η. The positions of the amplitude poles (physical resonances) are determined as well as the positions of the K-matrix poles (bare states) and the values of bare state couplings to two-meson channels. Nonet classification of the determined bare states is discussed.
A K-matrix re-analysis of the K-pi S-wave is performed in the mass region 900-2100 MeV, and solutions which describe the data well are found. The solution with two resonances in the (IJ^P=1/2 0^+)-wave has poles at (1415 pm 25)- i(165 pm 25) MeV and (1820 pm 40) -i(125 pm 50) MeV, close to the previous result of D. Aston et al., Nucl.Phys., B296 (1988) 493. The corresponding bare states, which are the subjects of a qqbar classification, are: K_0^{bare}(1220^{+50}_{-60}) and K_0^{bare}(1885^{+50}_{-80}). Within the restored bare states, a construction of the 1^3P_0 qqbar and 2^3P_0 qqbar nonets is completed. The three resonance solutions are analysed as well, the corresponding bare states are found, and the qqbar-nonet classification is suggested. In all variants of our qqbar-classification, the resonances a_0(980) and f_0(980) (or their bare counterparts) are non-exotic, and an extra scalar/isoscalar state exists in the mass region 1300-1700 MeV, being a good candidate for the lightest scalar glueball.
Basing on the previously performed K-matrix analysis of experimental data, we investigate, in the framework of the propagator matrix (D-matrix) technique, the 1100-1900 MeV mass region, where overlapping resonances $f_0(1300)$, $f_0(1500)$, $f_0(1530^{+90}_{-250})$, and $f_0(1780)$ are located. Necessary elements of the D-matrix technique are developed. The D-matrix analysis confirms previous K-matrix results: in the region 900-1900 MeV five scalar/isoscalar states are located. Four of them are members of the two $q\bar q$-nonets, while one state is an extra for the $q\bar q$ systematics, being a good candidate for the lightest scalar glueball. The D-matrix analysis shows that this extra state, a candidate for the lightest scalar glueball, is dispersed, due to a mixing with $q\bar q$- states, over three resonances: $f_0(1300)$, $f_0(1500)$, and $f_0(1530^{+90}_{-250})$. The broad resonance $f_0(1530^+{90}_{-250})$ is a descendant of the lightest glueball carrying about 50% of the gluonium component, the rest of the gluonium is shared between $f_0(1300)$ and $f_0(1500)$.
Basing on the results of the K-matrix fit of $(IJ^{PC}=00^{++})$ wave, we analyze the analytic structure of the amplitude and $q \bar q$/glueball content of resonances in the mass region 1200-1900 MeV, where an extra state for $q \bar q$-systematics exists being a good candidate for the lightest scalar glueball. Our analysis shows that the pure glueball state dispersed over three resonances: $f_0(1300)$, $f_0(1500)$ and $f_0(1530^{+90}_{-250})$, while the glueball admixture in $f_0(1750)$ is small. The broad resonance $f_0(1530^{+90}_{-250})$ is the descendant of the lightest pure glueball. The mass of pure glueball is $1630\pm {70\atop 30}$ MeV, in agreement with Lattice calculation results.
We summarize the results of the investigation of the $IJ^{PC}=00^{++}$ wave which is devoted to the search for the lightest scalar glueball. In the framework of the K-matrix formalism, the $q\bar q$-nonet classification of the scalar/isoscalar states is performed in the mass region below 1900 MeV basing on the following data: GAMS data for $π^-p\toπ^0π^0n$, $ηηn$, $ηη'n$; CERN-Münich data for $π^-p\toπ^+π^-n$; Crystal Barrel data for $p\bar p\toπ^0π^0π^0$, $π^0π^0η$, $π^0ηη$; BNL data for $ππ\to K\overline K$. It is shown the existence of an extra state for $q\bar q$ classification: this state is a good candidate for the lightest scalar glueball. Analysis of the glueball/$q\bar q$ mixing shows that the glueball state has mainly dispersed over three real resonances: $f_0(1300)$, $f_0(1500)$ and $f_0(1530^{+90}_{-250})$. The broad resonance with complex mass $m=1530^{+90}_{-250}-i(560\pm 140)$ MeV is descendant of the pure glueball. The restored mass of the pure glueball is equal to 1695 MeV. This value agrees well with the results of lattice gluodynamics.
A classification of the $IJ^{PC}=00^{++}$ mesons is performed on the basis of the K-matrix analysis of meson spectra in the reactions: (i) GAMS data on $πp\to π^0π^0 n$, $ηηn$, $ηη' n$; (ii) Crystal Barrel data on $p\bar p~(at~rest)\to π^0π^0π^0$, $π^0π^0η$, $π^0ηη$; (iii) CERN-Münich data on $πp\to π^+π^- n$; (iiii) BNL data on $πN\to K\bar K N$. The analysis points to the existence of four comparatively narrow scalar resonances which correspond to the following poles of the scattering amplitude (in MeV): $(1015\pm 15)- i(43\pm 8)$, $(1300\pm 20)-i(120\pm 20)$, $(1499\pm 8)-i(65\pm 10)$ and $(1780\pm 30)-i(125\pm 70)$. The scattering amplitude also has a fifth pole $f_0(1530^{+90}_{-250})$ at the complex mass $(1530^{+90}_{-250}) - i(560\pm 140)$. The masses of the K-matrix poles (bare states) are at $720\pm 100$ MeV, $1230\pm 50$ MeV, $1260\pm 30$ MeV, $1600\pm 50$ MeV and $1810\pm 30$ MeV. The quark content of the bare states is analyzed using the values of their couplings to the $ππ$, $K\bar K$, $ηη$ and $ηη'$. It is shown that one of the bare states in the mass region 1200-1600 MeV is superfluous for the $q\bar q$ classification and should be considered as the lightest glueball.
K-matrix analysis of the $00^{++}$ wave is performed in the channels $ππ,~K\bar K,~ηη$ and $4π$ in the mass region up to 1550 MeV. The fit is based on the following data: $p\bar p ~(at~rest)\to π^0π^0π^0$, $π^0π^0η,~π^0ηη$ [1,2], $πN\to ππN$ [3,4], $πN\to K\bar K N$ [5] and the inelastic cross section of the $ππ$ interaction [6]. Simultaneous analysis of these data confirms the existence of the scalar resonances: $f_0(980),~f_0(1300)$ and $f_0(1500)$, the poles of the amplitude being at the following complex masses (in MeV): $(1008\pm 10)- i(43\pm 5)$, $(1290\pm 25)-i(120\pm 15)$, and $(1497\pm 6)-i(61\pm 5)$. The fourth pole has sunk deeply into the complex plane: $(1430 \pm 150) - i(600\pm 100)$. Positions of the K-matrix poles (which are referred to the masses of bare states) are at $750\pm 120$ MeV, $1240\pm 30$ MeV, $1280\pm 30$ MeV and $1615\pm 40$ MeV. Coupling constants of the K-matrix poles to the $ππ$, $ηη$ and $K\bar K$ channels are found that allow us to analyze the quark and gluonic content of bare states. It is shown that $f_0^{bare}(1240)$ and $f_0^{bare}(1615)$ (which are strongly related to $f_0(1500)$) can be considered as good candidates for scalar glueball.