arXiv subjects
Publications and source records attributed to A. W. Thomas.
We demonstrate that the extremely accurate lattice QCD data for the mass of the nucleon recently obtained by CP-PACS, combined with modern chiral extrapolation techniques, leads to a value for the mass of the physical nucleon which has a systematic error of less than one percent.
The available data on $J/Ψ$ photoproduction are analyzed in terms of pomeron exchange, two gluon exchange and photon-gluon fusion models. Allowing the pomeron-quark interaction to be flavour dependent and introducing the soft and hard pomerons it is possible to reproduce the data at $\sqrt{s}{>}$10 GeV and small $|t|$. The two gluon exchange calculations indicate strong sensitivity to the gluon distribution function. The results obtained with the most modern MRST2001 and DL PDF reproduce the forward $J/Ψ$ photoproduction cross section at $\sqrt{s}{>}$10 GeV. The calculations with the photon-gluon fusion model and with MRST2001 and DL PDF are also in reasonable agreement with the data on the total $J/Ψ$ photoproduction cross section. We allocate the $J/Ψ$ photoproduction at low energies and large $|t|$ to the mechanism different from pomeron or two gluon exchanges. We consider that this might be axial vector trajectory exchange that couples to the axial form factor of the nucleon.
We discuss the electromagnetic form factors, axial form factors, and structure functions of a bound nucleon in the quark-meson coupling (QMC) model. Free space nucleon form factors are calculated using the improved cloudy bag model (ICBM). After describing finite nuclei and nuclear matter in the quark-based QMC model, we compute the in-medium modification of the bound nucleon form factors in the same framework. Finally, limits on the medium modification of the bound nucleon $F_2$ structure function are obtained using the calculated in-medium electromagnetic form factors and local quark-hadron duality.
We re-examine the role of vector meson dominance in nuclear shadowing at low Q^2. We find that models which incorporate both vector meson and partonic mechanisms are consistent with both the magnitude and the Q^2 slope of the shadowing data.
We formulate the expansion for the mass of the nucleon as a function of pion mass within chiral perturbation theory using a number of different ultra-violet regularisation schemes; including dimensional regularisation and various finite-ranged regulators. Leading and next-to-leading order non-analytic contributions are included through the standard one-loop Feynman graphs. In addition to the physical nucleon mass, the expansion is constrained by recent, extremely accurate, lattice QCD data obtained with two flavors of dynamical quarks. The extent to which different regulators can describe the chiral expansion is examined, while varying the range of quark mass over which the expansions are matched. Renormalised chiral expansion parameters are recovered from each regularisation prescription and compared. We find that the finite-range regulators produce consistent, model-independent results over a wide range of quark mass sufficient to solve the chiral extrapolation problem in lattice QCD.
The Japan Hadron Facility will provide an unprecedented opportunity for the study of baryon resonance properties. This talk will focus on the chiral nonanalytic behaviour of magnetic moments exclusive to baryons with open decay channels. To illustrate the novel features associated with an open decay channel, we consider the ``Access'' quark model, where an analytic continuation of chiral perturbation theory is employed to connect results obtained using the constituent quark model in the limit of SU(3)-flavour symmetry to empirical determinations.
Recent work has identified that the primary differences between quenched and dynamical spectroscopy can be described by chiral loop effects. Here we highlight the features of this study.
A pedagogical overview of the formulation of the Fat Link Irrelevant Clover (FLIC) fermion action and its associated phenomenology is described. The scaling analysis indicates FLIC fermions provide a new form of nonperturbative O(a) improvement where near-continuum results are obtained at finite lattice spacing. Spin-1/2 and spin-3/2, even and odd parity baryon resonances are investigated in quenched QCD, where the nature of the Roper resonance and Lambda(1405) are of particular interest. FLIC fermions allow efficient access to the light quark-mass regime, where evidence of chiral nonanalytic behavior in the Delta-baryon mass is observed.
We investigate in a phenomenological way, direct CP violation in the hadronic decays $B^{\pm,0} \to π^{+} π^{-} K^{\pm,0}$ where the effect of $ρ- ω$ mixing is included. If $N_{c}^{eff}$ (the effective parameter associated with factorization) is constrained using the most recent experimental branching ratios (to $ρ^{0}K^{0}, ρ^{\pm}K^{\mp}, ρ^{\pm}K^{0}, ρ^{0} K^{\pm}$ and $ωK^{\pm}$) from the BABAR, BELLE and CLEO Collaborations, we get a maximum CP violating asymmetry, $a_{max}$, in the range -25% to $+49%$ for $B^{-} \to π^{+}π^{-} K^{-}$ and -24% to $+55%$ for ${\Bar B}^{0} \to π^{+}π^{-} {\Bar K}^{0}$. We also find that CP violation is strongly dependent on the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix elements. Finally, we show that the sign of $\sin δ$ is always positive in the allowed range of $N_{c}^{eff}$ and hence, a measurement of direct $CP$ violation in $B^{\pm,0} \to π^{+} π^{-} K^{\pm,0}$ would remove the mod$(π)$ ambiguity in ${\rm arg}[ - \frac{V_{ts}V_{tb}^{\star}}{V_{us}V_{ub}^{\star}}]$.
The masses of heavy baryons containing a b quark have been calculated numerically in lattice QCD with pion masses which are much larger than its physical value. In the present work we extrapolate these lattice data to the physical mass of the pion by applying the effective chiral Lagrangian for heavy baryons, which is invariant under chiral symmetry when the light quark masses go to zero and heavy quark symmetry when the heavy quark masses go to infinity. A phenomenological functional form with three parameters, which has the correct behavior in the chiral limit and appropriate behavior when the pion mass is large, is proposed to extrapolate the lattice data. It is found that the extrapolation deviates noticably from the naive linear extrapolation when the pion mass is smaller than about 500MeV. The mass differences between Sigma_b and Sigma_b^* and between Sigma_b^{(*)} and Lambda_b are also presented. Uncertainties arising from both lattice data and our model parameters are discussed in detail. We also give a comparision of the results in our model with those obtained in the naive linear extrapolations.
We construct the nuclear and quark matter equations of state at zero temperature in an effective quark theory (the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model), and discuss the phase transition between them. The nuclear matter equation of state is based on the quark-diquark description of the single nucleon, while the quark matter equation of state includes the effects of scalar diquark condensation (color superconductivity). The effect of diquark condensation on the phase transition is discussed in detail.
We investigate the connection of lattice calculations of moments of isovector parton distributions to the physical regime through extrapolations in the quark mass. We consider the one pion loop renormalisation of the nucleon matrix elements of the corresponding operators and thereby develop formulae with which to extrapolate the moments of the unpolarised, helicity and transversity distributions. These formulae are consistent with chiral perturbation theory in the chiral limit and incorporate the correct heavy quark limits. In the polarised cases, the inclusion of intermediate states involving the $Δ$ isobar is found to be very important. The results of our extrapolations are in general agreement with the phenomenological values of these moments where they are known, and for the first time we perform an extrapolation of the low moments of the isovector transversity distribution which is consistent with chiral symmetry.
One of the great challenges of lattice QCD is to produce unambiguous predictions for the properties of physical hadrons. We review recent progress with respect to a major barrier to achieving this goal, namely the fact that computation time currently limits us to large quark mass. Using insights from the study of the lattice data itself, together with the general constraints of chiral symmetry, we demonstrate that it is possible to extrapolate accurately and in an essentially model independent manner from the mass region where calculations will be performed within the next five years to the chiral limit.
We present a complete analysis of the chiral extrapolation of lattice moments of all twist-2 isovector quark distributions, including corrections from N pi and Delta pi loops. Even though the Delta resonance formally gives rise to higher order non-analytic structure, the coefficients of the higher order terms for the helicity and transversity moments are large and cancel much of the curvature generated by the wave function renormalization. The net effect is that, whereas the unpolarized moments exhibit considerable curvature, the polarized moments show little deviation from linearity as the chiral limit is approached.
We review recent developments in the study of deep inelastic scattering from light nuclei, focusing in particular on deuterium, helium, and lithium. Understanding the nuclear effects in these systems is essential for the extraction of information on the neutron structure function.
We combine Witten's renormalization group with the matching conditions of Bernreuther and Wetzel to calculate at next-to-leading order the complete heavy-quark contribution to the neutral-current axial-charge measurable in neutrino-proton elastic scattering. Our results are manifestly renormalization group invariant.
We extend to quenched QCD an earlier investigation of the chiral structure of the masses of the nucleon and the delta in lattice simulations of full QCD. Even after including the meson-loop self-energies which give rise to the leading and next-to-leading non-analytic behaviour (and hence the most rapid variation in the region of light quark mass), we find surprisingly little curvature in the quenched case. Replacing these meson-loop self-energies by the corresponding terms in full QCD yields a remarkable level of agreement with the results of the full QCD simulations. This comparison leads to a very good understanding of the origins of the mass splitting between these baryons.
Using Dyson--Schwinger equations, the nucleon propagator is analyzed nonperturbatively in a field--theoretical model for the pion--nucleon interaction. Infinities are circumvented by using pion--nucleon form factors which define the physical scale. It is shown that the correct, finite, on--shell nucleon renormalization is important for the value of the mass--shift and the propagator. For physically acceptable forms of the pion--nucleon form factor the rainbow approximation together with renormalization is inconsistent. Going beyond the rainbow approximation, the full pion--nucleon vertex is modelled by its bare part plus a one--loop correction including an effective $Δ$. It is found that a consistent value for the nucleon mass--shift can be obtained as a consequence of a subtle interplay between wave function and vertex renormalization. Furthermore, the bare and renormalized pion--nucleon coupling constant are approximately equal, consistent with results from the Cloudy Bag Model.