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A. Zenteno

Publications and source records attributed to A. Zenteno.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

The Dark Energy Camera All Data Everywhere cosmic shear project V: Constraints on cosmology and astrophysics from 270 million galaxies across 13,000 deg$^2$ of the sky

We present constraints on models of cosmology and astrophysics using cosmic shear data vectors from three datasets: the northern and southern Galactic cap of the Dark Energy Camera All Data Everywhere (DECADE) project, and the Dark Energy Survey (DES) Year 3. These data vectors combined consist of 270 million galaxies spread across 13,000 ${\rm deg}^2$ of the sky. We first extract constraints for $Λ$CDM cosmology and find $S_8= 0.805^{+0.019}_{-0.019}$ and $Ω_{\rm m} = 0.262^{+0.023}_{-0.036}$, which is consistent within $1.9 σ$ of constraints from the Planck satellite. Extending our analysis to dynamical dark energy models shows that lensing provides some (but still minor) improvements to existing constraints from supernovae and baryon acoustic oscillations. Finally, we study six different models for the impact of baryons on the matter power spectrum. We show the different models provide consistent constraints on baryon suppression, and associated cosmology, once the astrophysical priors are sufficiently wide. Current scale-cut approaches for mitigating baryon contamination result in a residual bias of $\approx 0.3σ$ in the $S_8, Ω_{\rm m}$ posterior. Using all scales with dedicated baryon modeling leads to negligible improvement as the new information is used solely to self-calibrate the baryon model on small scales. Additional non-lensing datasets, and/or calibrations of the baryon model, will be required to access the full statistical power of the lensing measurements. The combined dataset in this work represents the largest lensing dataset to date (most galaxies, largest area) and provides an apt testing ground for analyses of upcoming datasets from Stage IV surveys. The DECADE shear catalogs, data vectors, and likelihoods are made publicly available.

astro-ph.CO

The DECam MAGIC Survey $-$ Mapping the Ancient Galaxy in CaHK: Overview and Summary of Early Science

We present the DECam Mapping the Ancient Galaxy in CaHK (MAGIC) survey, a 54-night NOIRLab Survey Program to image $\gtrsim$5,000$\,$deg$^2$ of the southern hemisphere using a metallicity-sensitive narrow-band filter covering the Ca$\,$ii$\,$H&K lines centered at 3955$\,$A. This filter is installed on the Dark Energy Camera (DECam), mounted on the 4-m NSF Víctor M. Blanco Telescope. The survey reaches typical $10σ$ depths of $\text{mag}_{\text{CaHK}} \approx 22.5$, 3$-$4$\,$mag deeper than comparable surveys in the southern hemisphere. By combining photometry from this Ca$\,$ii$\,$H&K filter with existing DECam $g,r,i$ broadband photometry from the DECam Local Volume Exploration (DELVE) survey, MAGIC is deriving photometric metallicities for red giant branch stars down to the magnitude limit of usable proper motions from Gaia data release 3 (DR3). MAGIC has already imaged $\sim$3,000$\,$deg$^2$, supplemented by other affiliated observing programs that have used this filter to image star clusters, dwarf galaxies, and stellar streams. We overview MAGIC's survey strategy, describe data processing through the derivation of metallicities and photometric distances, and summarize early science results that have been published with this dataset. In addition, we present several new results, including the confirmation of a distant ($>5\,r_h$) member of the Reticulum II ultra-faint dwarf galaxy, on-sky density maps of low-metallicity stars into the distant Milky Way halo ($\sim150\,$kpc) recovering 13/14 ultra-faint dwarf galaxies in the current footprint, and a validation of our initial targeting of extremely metal-poor stars. Collectively, these results demonstrate that the MAGIC dataset enables cutting-edge studies of the faint, low-metallicity regime of the Milky Way and its substructures.

astro-ph.GA

The DECam MAGIC Survey: Investigating the Jet Stellar Stream with Photometric Metallicities

Stellar streams are dynamically fragile structures formed by the tidal disruption of dwarf galaxies and stellar clusters. These objects are valuable tracers of the gravitational potential and accretion history of the Milky Way, and are key probes for the presence and interactions of starless dark matter subhalos. The Jet stream is a $\sim 30^\circ$-long stellar stream that is situated at 30.4 kpc and originates from a disrupted globular cluster. It consists of metal-poor stars that follow a retrograde orbit, reducing the impulse imparted from the Milky Way bar and making it especially sensitive to gravitational perturbations from dark matter subhalos. This paper investigates the known extent of the Jet stream by leveraging photometric metallicities derived from a narrowband filter centered on the Ca II H&K lines at $\sim$3950A on the Dark Energy Camera (DECam), as part of the Mapping the Ancient Galaxy in CaHK (MAGIC) survey. The wide field-of-view of DECam enables the efficient derivation of photometric metallicities for stars across the full extent of the stream, allowing for a metallicity-based selection to identify likely members. We demonstrate the efficacy of photometric metallicities in isolating stream members when used with Gaia DR3 proper motions, identifying a sample of 213 candidate Jet stream member stars. This then allows for the study of stream morphology, through which we identify a clear fanning of the stream toward the end farther from the Milky Way bar. We provide a list of candidate members, enabling spectroscopic follow-up of the Jet stream to facilitate further studies of its dynamics.

astro-ph.GA

DELVE Milky Way Satellite Galaxy Census I: Satellite Population and Survey Selection Function in DES, DELVE, and Pan-STARRS

The properties of Milky Way satellite galaxies have important implications for galaxy formation, reionization, and the fundamental physics of dark matter. However, the population of Milky Way satellites includes the faintest known galaxies, and current observations are incomplete. To understand the impact of observational selection effects on the known satellite population, we perform rigorous, quantitative estimates of the Milky Way satellite galaxy detection efficiency in three wide-field survey datasets: the Dark Energy Survey Year 6, the DECam Local Volume Exploration Data Release 3, and the Pan-STARRS1 Data Release 1. Together, these surveys cover $\sim$13,600 deg$^2$ to $g \sim 24.0$ and $\sim$27,700 deg$^2$ to $g \sim 22.5$, spanning $\sim$91% of the high-Galactic-latitude sky ($|b| \geq 15^\circ$). We apply multiple detection algorithms over the combined footprint and recover 49 known satellites above a strict census detection threshold. To characterize the sensitivity of our census, we run our detection algorithms on a large set of simulated galaxies injected into the survey data, which allows us to develop models that predict the detectability of satellites as a function of their properties. We then fit an empirical model to our data and infer the luminosity function, radial distribution, and size-luminosity relation of Milky Way satellite galaxies. Our empirical model predicts a total of $265^{+79}_{-47}$ satellite galaxies with $-20 \leq M_V \leq 0$, half-light radii of $15 \leq r_{1/2} (\rm pc) \leq 3000$, and galactocentric distances of $10 \leq D_{\rm GC} (\rm kpc) \leq 300$. We also identify a mild anisotropy in the angular distribution of the observed galaxies, at a significance of $\sim$$2σ$, which can be attributed to the clustering of satellites associated with the LMC.

astro-ph.GA

Ultra-Faint Milky Way Satellites Discovered in Carina, Phoenix, and Telescopium with DELVE Data Release 3

We report the discovery of three Milky Way satellite candidates: Carina IV, Phoenix III, and DELVE 7, in the third data release of the DECam Local Volume Exploration survey (DELVE). The candidate systems were identified by cross-matching results from two independent search algorithms. All three are extremely faint systems composed of old, metal-poor stellar populations ($τ\gtrsim 10$ Gyr, [Fe/H] $ \lesssim -1.4$). Carina IV ($M_V = -2.8;\ r_{1/2} = 40 {\rm pc}$) and Phoenix III ($M_V = -1.2;\ r_{1/2} = 19 {\rm pc}$) have half-light radii that are consistent with the known population of dwarf galaxies, while DELVE 7 ($M_V = 1.2;\ r_{1/2} = 2 {\rm pc}$) is very compact and seems more likely to be a star cluster, though its nature remains ambiguous without spectroscopic followup. The Gaia proper motions of stars in Carina IV ($M_* = 2250^{+1180}_{-830} {\rm M_\odot}$) indicate that it is unlikely to be associated with the LMC, while DECam CaHK photometry confirms that its member stars are metal-poor. Phoenix III ($M_* = 520^{+660}_{-290} {\rm M_\odot}$) is the faintest known satellite in the extreme outer stellar halo ($D_{\rm GC} > 100$ kpc), while DELVE 7 ($M_* = 60^{+120}_{-40} {\rm M_\odot}$) is the faintest known satellite with $D_{\rm GC} > 20$ kpc.

astro-ph.GA

DELVE-ing into the Milky Way's Globular Clusters: Assessing extra-tidal features in NGC 5897, NGC 7492, and testing detectability with deeper photometry

Extra-tidal features around globular clusters (GCs) are tracers of their disruption, stellar stream formation, and their host's gravitational potential. However, these features remain challenging to detect due to their low surface brightness. We conduct a systematic search for such features around 19 GCs in the DECam Local Volume Exploration (DELVE) survey Data Release 2, discovering a new extra-tidal envelope around NGC 5897 and find tentative evidence for an extended envelope surrounding NGC 7492. Through a combination of dynamical modeling and analyzing synthetic stellar populations, we demonstrate these envelopes may have formed through tidal disruption. We use these models to explore the detectability of these features in the upcoming Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST), finding that while LSST's deeper photometry will enhance detection significance, additional methods for foreground removal like proper motions or metallicities may be important for robust stream detection. Our results both add to the sample of globular clusters with extra-tidal features and provide insights on interpreting similar features in current and upcoming data.

astro-ph.GA

Counterpart identification and classification for eRASS1 and characterisation of the AGN content

[abridged] Accurately accounting for the AGN phase in galaxy evolution requires a large, clean AGN sample. This is now possible with SRG/eROSITA. The public Data Release 1 (DR1, Jan 31, 2024) includes 930,203 sources from the Western Galactic Hemisphere. The data enable the selection of a large AGN sample and the discovery of rare sources. However, scientific return depends on accurate characterisation of the X-ray emitters, requiring high-quality multiwavelength data. This paper presents the identification and classification of optical and infrared counterparts to eRASS1 sources using Gaia DR3, CatWISE2020, and Legacy Survey DR10 (LS10) with the Bayesian NWAY algorithm and trained priors. Sources were classified as Galactic or extragalactic via a Machine Learning model combining optical/IR and X-ray properties, trained on a reference sample. For extragalactic LS10 sources, photometric redshifts were computed using Circlez. Within the LS10 footprint, all 656,614 eROSITA/DR1 sources have at least one possible optical counterpart; about 570,000 are extragalactic and likely AGN. Half are new detections compared to AllWISE, Gaia, and Quaia AGN catalogues. Gaia and CatWISE2020 counterparts are less reliable, due to the surveys shallowness and the limited amount of features available to assess the probability of being an X-ray emitter. In the Galactic Plane, where the overdensity of stellar sources also increases the chance of associations, using conservative reliability cuts, we identify approximately 18,000 Gaia and 55,000 CatWISE2020 extragalactic sources. We release three high-quality counterpart catalogues, plus the training and validation sets, as a benchmark for the field. These datasets have many applications, but in particular empower researchers to build AGN samples tailored for completeness and purity, accelerating the hunt for the Universes most energetic engines.

astro-ph.HE

The DECADE cosmic shear project III: validation of analysis pipeline using spatially inhomogeneous data

We present the pipeline for the cosmic shear analysis of the Dark Energy Camera All Data Everywhere (DECADE) weak lensing dataset: a catalog consisting of 107 million galaxies observed by the Dark Energy Camera (DECam) in the northern Galactic cap. The catalog derives from a large number of disparate observing programs and is therefore more inhomogeneous across the sky compared to existing lensing surveys. First, we use simulated data-vectors to show the sensitivity of our constraints to different analysis choices in our inference pipeline, including sensitivity to residual systematics. Next we use simulations to validate our covariance modeling for inhomogeneous datasets. Finally, we show that our choices in the end-to-end cosmic shear pipeline are robust against inhomogeneities in the survey, by extracting relative shifts in the cosmology constraints across different subsets of the footprint/catalog and showing they are all consistent within $1σ$ to $2σ$. This is done for forty-six subsets of the data and is carried out in a fully consistent manner: for each subset of the data, we re-derive the photometric redshift estimates, shear calibrations, survey transfer functions, the data vector, measurement covariance, and finally, the cosmological constraints. Our results show that existing analysis methods for weak lensing cosmology can be fairly resilient towards inhomogeneous datasets. This also motivates exploring a wider range of image data for pursuing such cosmological constraints.

astro-ph.CO

The $θ$-adics

This paper introduces an archimedean, locally Cantor multi-field $\mathcal{O}_θ$ which gives an analog of the $p$-adic number field at a place at infinity of a real quadratic extension $K$ of $\mathbb{Q}$. This analog is defined using a unit $1<θ\in \mathcal{O}_{K}^{\times}$, which plays the same role as the prime $p$ does in $\mathbb{Z}_{p}$; the elements of $\mathcal{O}_θ$ are then greedy Laurent series in the base $θ$. There is a canonical inclusion of the integers $\mathcal{O}_{K}$ with dense image in $\mathcal{O}_θ$ and the operations of sum and product extend to multi-valued operations having at most three values, making $\mathcal{O}_θ$ a multi-field in the sense of Marty. We show that the (geometric) completions of 1-dimensional quasicrystals contained in $\mathcal{O}_{K}$ map canonically to $\mathcal{O}_θ$. The motivation for this work arises in part from a desire to obtain a more arithmetic treatment of a place at infinity by replacing $\mathbb{R}$ with $\mathcal{O}_θ$, with an eye toward obtaining a finer version of class field theory incorporating the ideal arithmetic of quasicrystal rings.

math.NT

A DECADE of dwarfs: first detection of weak lensing around spectroscopically confirmed low-mass galaxies

We present the first detection of weak gravitational lensing around spectroscopically confirmed dwarf galaxies, using the large overlap between DESI DR1 spectroscopic data and DECADE/DES weak lensing catalogs. A clean dwarf galaxy sample with well-defined redshift and stellar mass cuts enables excess surface mass density measurements in two stellar mass bins ($\log \rm{M}_*=[8.2, 9.2]~M_\odot$ and $\log \rm{M}_*=[9.2, 10.2]~M_\odot$), with signal-to-noise ratios of $5.6$ and $12.4$ respectively. This signal-to-noise drops to $4.5$ and $9.2$ respectively for measurements without applying individual inverse probability (IIP) weights, which mitigates fiber incompleteness from DESI's targeting. The measurements are robust against variations in stellar mass estimates, photometric shredding, and lensing calibration systematics. Using a simulation-based modeling framework with stellar mass function priors, we constrain the stellar mass-halo mass relation and find a satellite fraction of $\simeq 0.3$, which is higher than previous photometric studies but $1.5σ$ lower than $Λ$CDM predictions. We find that IIP weights have a significant impact on lensing measurements and can change the inferred $f_{\rm{sat}}$ by a factor of two, highlighting the need for accurate fiber incompleteness corrections for dwarf galaxy samples. Our results open a new observational window into the galaxy-halo connection at low masses, showing that future massively multiplexed spectroscopic observations and weak lensing data will enable stringent tests of galaxy formation models and $Λ$CDM predictions.

astro-ph.GA

The effect of dynamical states on galaxy clusters populations. II. Comparison of galaxy properties and fundamental relations

Galaxy clusters provide a unique environment to study galaxy evolution. The role of cluster dynamical states in shaping the physical and morphological properties of member galaxies remains an open question. We aim to assess the impact of the dynamical state of massive ($M_{500} \geq 1.5 \times 10^{14} M_{\odot}$) galaxy clusters on the physical and structural properties of their member galaxies, and also in their fundamental relations in the redshift range $0.10 < z < 0.35$. We use a mass-matched sample of galaxies from relaxed and disturbed clusters. Morphological types were assigned using both parametric and nonparametric methods, while physical properties were derived through SED fitting. Galaxies were further divided into subpopulations to investigate trends with cluster dynamical states. The dynamical state of galaxy clusters does not alter their fundamental relations at low redshift (such as color-magnitude, mass-size, morphology-density, and SF-density relations), nor does it significantly affect the mean or dispersion of galaxy properties. However, it does impact the distributions at the level of third- and fourth-order moments, introducing asymmetries and heavier tails in the properties of galaxies. The greatest effects are observed in the sSFRs of low-mass and red sequence galaxies. These findings suggest that, at low redshift, the fundamental relations of massive galaxy clusters are already well established and resilient to recent dynamical activity. Nonetheless, the influence of the dynamical state on the higher-order moments of galaxy properties indicates that environmental processes associated with disturbed clusters still leave measurable imprints, particularly on low-mass and red sequence galaxies. This is consistent with the idea that galaxy evolution is shaped both by early pre-processing and by subsequent interactions within dynamically active environments.

astro-ph.GA

DECADE+DES Y3 Weak Lensing Mass Map: A 13,000 deg$^2$ View of Cosmic Structure from 270 Million Galaxies

We present the largest galaxy weak lensing mass map of the late-time Universe, reconstructed from 270 million galaxies in the DECADE and DES Year 3 datasets, covering 13,000 square degrees. We validate the map through systematic tests against observational conditions (depth, seeing, etc.), finding the map is statistically consistent with no contamination. The large area covered by the mass map makes it a well-suited tool for cosmological analyses, cross-correlation studies and the identification of large-scale structure features. We demonstrate its potential by detecting cosmic filaments directly from the mass map for the first time and validating them through their association with galaxy clusters selected using the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect from Planck and ACT DR6.

astro-ph.CO

Differences in the Physical Properties of Satellite Galaxies within Relaxed and Disturbed Galaxy Groups and Clusters

Galaxy groups and clusters are the most massive collapsed structures in the Universe. Those structures are formed by collapsing with other smaller structures. Groups and cluster mergers provide an appropriate environment for the evolution and transformation of their galaxies. The merging process of groups and clusters can affect the properties of their galaxy populations. Our aim is to characterise the distribution of galaxies' colour, specific star formation rate, quenched galaxy fraction, and gas availability in galaxies bounded to groups and clusters and to examine how these properties relate to the dynamical state of their host environments. We used the most massive halos ($M > 10^{13} M_{\odot}$) in Illustris TNG100 simulations and separated the sample into two categories: relaxed and disturbed halos. This classification was done based on the offset between the position of the Brightest Cluster Galaxy (BCG) and the centre of mass of the gas. Subsequently, we classified their galaxy populations into red and blue galaxies using a threshold derived from a double Gaussian fit to their colour distribution. Our findings reveal differences in physical properties such as colour, star formation rates, and gas availability among satellite galaxies bound to interacting clusters compared to relaxed clusters. Disturbed clusters exhibit more blue, star-forming galaxies than their relaxed counterparts. This discrepancy in the fraction of blue and star-forming galaxies can be attributed to higher gas availability, including hot, diffuse, and condensed gas in satellite galaxies in disturbed clusters compared to relaxed ones. Furthermore, our study shows that during cluster mergers, there are two crucial phases; at the beginning of the interaction, there is an important boost in the star formation rate followed by suppression as the cluster reaches the equilibrium state.

astro-ph.GA

eROSITA clusters dynamical state and their impact on the BCG luminosity

The Spectrum Roentgen Gamma/eROSITA first public release contains 12,247 clusters and groups. We use the offset between the Brightest Cluster Galaxy (BCG) and the X--ray peak (D$_{\rm BCG-X}$) to classify the cluster dynamical state of 3,946 galaxy clusters and groups. The X--ray peaks come from the eROSITA survey while the BCG positions come from the DECaLS DR10 optical data, which includes the DECam eROSITA Survey optical data. We aim to investigate the evolution of the merger and relaxed cluster distributions with redshift and mass, and their impact on the BCG. We model the distribution of D$_{\rm BCG-X}$ as the sum of two Rayleigh distributions representing the cluster's relaxed and disturbed populations, and explore their evolution with redshift and mass. To explore the impact of the cluster's dynamical state on the BCG luminosity, we separate the main sample according to the dynamical state. We define clusters as relaxed if D$_{\rm BCG-X}$ < 0.25$r_{500}$, disturbed if D$_{\rm BCG-X}$>0.5$r_{500}$, and as `diverse' otherwise. We find no evolution of the merging fraction in redshift and mass. We observe that the width of the relaxed distribution to increase with redshift, while the width of the two Rayleigh distributions decreases with mass. The analysis reveals that BCGs in relaxed clusters are brighter than BCGs in both the disturbed and diverse cluster population. The most significant differences are found for high mass clusters at higher redshift. The results suggest that BCGs in low-mass clusters are less centrally bound than those in high-mass systems, irrespective of dynamical state. Over time, BCGs in relaxed clusters progressively align with the potential center. This alignment correlates with their luminosity growth relative to BCGs in dynamically disturbed clusters, underscoring the critical role of the clusters dynamical state in regulating BCG evolution. [Abridged]

astro-ph.CO

The effect of dynamical states on galaxy clusters populations. I. Classification of dynamical states

While the influence of galaxy clusters on galaxy evolution is relatively well-understood, the impact of the dynamical states of these clusters is less clear. This paper series explores how the dynamical state of galaxy clusters affects their galaxy populations' physical and morphological properties. The primary aim of this first paper is to evaluate the dynamical state of 87 massive ($M_{500} \geq 1.5 \times 10^{14} M_{\odot}$) galaxy clusters at low redshifts ($0.10 \leq z \leq 0.35$). This will allow us to have a well-characterized sample for analyzing physical and morphological properties in our next work. We employ six dynamical state proxies utilizing optical and X-ray imaging data. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is applied to integrate these proxies effectively, allowing for robust classification of galaxy clusters into relaxed, intermediate, and disturbed states based on their dynamical characteristics. The methodology successfully segregates the galaxy clusters into the three dynamical states. Examination of the galaxy distributions in optical wavelengths and gas distributions in X-ray further confirms the consistency of these classifications. The clusters' dynamical states are statistically distinguishable, providing a clear categorization for further analysis.

astro-ph.GA

X-ray and optical analysis of the distant, merging double cluster SPT-CLJ2228-5828, its gas bridge, and shock front

Galaxy cluster mergers are excellent laboratories for studying a wide variety of different physical phenomena. Such a unique system is the distant SPT-CLJ2228-5828 cluster merger located at $z\approx 0.77$. Previous analyses via Sunyaev-Zeldovich and weak lensing data suggested that the system potentially was a dissociative cluster post-merger. In this work, we use new, deep XMM-Newton data to study the hot gas in X-rays, spectroscopic Gemini data to precisely determine the redshift of the two mass concentrations, and new HST data to improve the total mass estimates of the two components. We find that SPT-CLJ2228-5828 constitutes a pre-merging, double cluster system, instead of a post-merger. The merging process of the two clusters has started with their outskirt gas colliding with a $\sim 22^{\circ}-27^{\circ}$ on the plane of the sky. We fully characterize the surface brightness, gas density, temperature, pressure, and entropy profiles of the two merging clusters. The two systems have very similar X-ray properties with a moderate cluster mass of $M_{\text{tot}}\sim (2.1-2.4)\times 10^{14}\ M_{\odot}$. A $\approx 333$ kpc long gas bridge connecting the two clusters is detected at a $5.8σ$ level. The baryon overdensity of the excess bridge gas is $δ_{\text{b}}\sim (75-320)$ across the length of the bridge and its gas mass is $M_{\text{gas}}\sim 1.4\times 10^{12}\ M_{\odot}$. Gas density and temperature jumps are also found across the gas bridge, revealing the existence of a weak shock front with a Mach number $\mathcal{M}\sim 1.1$. The gas pressure and entropy are also increased at the position of the shock front. We estimate the age of the shock front to be $\lesssim 100$ Myr and its kinetic energy $\sim 2.4\times 10^{44}$ erg s$^{-1}$. SPT-CLJ2228-5828 is the first such high-$z$ pre-merger with a gas bridge and a shock front to be studied in X-rays.

astro-ph.CO

The SRG/eROSITA All-Sky Survey. Optical identification and properties of galaxy clusters and groups in the western galactic hemisphere

The first SRG/eROSITA All-Sky Survey (eRASS1) provides the largest intracluster medium-selected galaxy cluster and group catalog covering the western galactic hemisphere. Compared to samples selected purely on X-ray extent, the sample purity can be enhanced by identifying cluster candidates using optical and near-infrared data from the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys. Using the red-sequence-based cluster finder eROMaPPer, we measured individual photometric properties (redshift $z_λ$, richness $λ$, optical center, and BCG position) for 12,000 eRASS1 clusters over a sky area of 13,116 deg$^2$, augmented by 247 cases identified by matching the candidates with known clusters from the literature. The median redshift of the identified eRASS1 sample is $z=0.31$, with 10% of the clusters at $z>0.72$. The photometric redshifts have an accuracy of $δz/(1+z)<0.005$ for $0.05 95% for $z>0.05$. For these and further quality assessments of the eRASS1 identified catalog, we applied our identification method to a collection of galaxy cluster catalogs in the literature, as well as blindly on the full Legacy Surveys covering 24,069 deg$^2$. Using a combination of these cluster samples, we investigated the velocity dispersion-richness relation, finding $\log(λ)=2.401\times\log(σ)-5.074$ with an intrinsic scatter of $0.10\pm0.01$ dex. Our main result is the identified eRASS1 cluster catalog with a high purity and a well-defined X-ray selection process, enabling precise cosmological analyses presented in companion papers.

astro-ph.CO

CircleZ: Reliable Photometric redshifts for AGN computed using only photometry from Legacy Survey Imaging for DESI

(abridged)Photometric redshifts for AGN (galaxies hosting an accreting supermassive black hole in their center) are notoriously challenging and currently better computed via SED fitting, assuming that deep photometry for many wavelengths is available. However, for AGN detected all-sky, the photometry is limited and provided by different projects. This makes the task of homogenising the data challenging and is a dramatic drawback for the millions of AGN that wide surveys like SRG/eROSITA will detect. This work aims to compute reliable photometric redshifts for X-ray-detected AGN using only one dataset that covers a large area: the 10th Data Release of the Imaging Legacy Survey (LS10) for DESI. LS10 provides deep grizW1-W4 forced photometry within various apertures, thus avoids issues related to the cross-calibration of surveys. We present the results from CircleZ, a machine-learning algorithm based on a Fully Connected Neural Network. CircleZ uses training sample of 14,000 X-ray-detected AGN and utilizes multi-aperture photometry. The accuracy and the fraction of outliers reached in a test sample of 2913 AGN are 0.067 and 11.6%, respectively. The results are comparable to or better than those obtained previously for the same field but with much less effort. We further tested the stability of the results by computing the photometric redshifts for the sources detected in CSC2 and Chandra-COSMOS Legacy, reaching comparable accuracy as in eFEDS when limiting the magnitude of the counterparts with respect to the depth of LS10. The method applies to fainter samples of AGN using deeper optical data from future surveys (e.g., LSST, Euclid), granted LS10-like information on the light distribution beyond a morphological type is provided. With the paper, we release an updated version of the photometric redshifts (including errors and probability distribution function) for eROSITA/eFEDS.

astro-ph.GA