Operators without eigenvalues in finite-dimensional vector spaces: Linearization and Spectral Equivalence
In this paper $S$ is a closed symmetric linear relation in a Krein space $\mathfrak H$ with adjoint $S^*$, finite and equal defect numbers $d$, and a boundary mapping $\mathsf{b}: S^* \rightarrow \mathbb{C}^{2d}$ with Gram matrix $\mathsf Q$. We introduce a class $\mathbb A_{S,\mathsf{b}}$ of self-adjoint extensions of $S$ in a Krein space $\widetilde{\mathfrak H}$ containing $\mathfrak H$ as a Krein subspace of finite codimension, together with a class $\mathbb{P}_{\mathsf Q}$ of $d \times 2d$ matrix polynomials. Both classes are equipped with natural equivalence relations. Given $\mathcal{P}(z) \in \mathbb{P}_{\mathsf Q}$, we consider a boundary eigenvalue problem defined by the condition $\mathcal{P}(z)\mathsf{b}(\{f,g\})=0$, $\{f,g\}\in S^*$, and look for its linearizations. By a linearization we mean a linear relation $\widetilde{A} \in \mathbb{A}_{S, \mathsf b}$ such that the Shtraus extension $T_{\widetilde A}(z)$ of $S$ determined by $\widetilde A$ coincides, for all $z \in \overline{\mathbb C}$, with the linear relation $\big\{\{f,g\}\in S^*\,:\,\mathcal P(z)\mathsf b(\{f,g\})=0\big\}$. We prove that this correspondence defines a bijection between the equivalence classes in $\mathbb A_{S, \mathsf b}$ and those in $\mathbb P_{\mathsf Q}$. Moreover, we provide a condition under which the resulting linearizations are spectrally equivalent to the boundary eigenvalue problem: their regular and spectral points coincide, and for each eigenvalue in $\overline{\mathbb C}$ there is a bijection between their Jordan chains.