Urban Limits as Design Constraints: Identifying Suitable Locations for Distributed, Photovoltaic-Powered Servers
Urban territories face growing tensions between increasing digital demand, limited resources, and socially constrained built environments. Although distributed computing paradigms such as edge and fog computing are widely presented as solutions for reducing latency and energy dissipation, the scientific literature largely overlooks where such infrastructures can be physically and socially deployed within cities, and typically neglects urban constraints, environmental impacts, and equity considerations. This paper proposes a methodology for identifying suitable urban locations for deploying distributed servers under structural, environmental, and social limits. Relying exclusively on existing infrastructures and anthropised surfaces, it combines legal frameworks, ongoing urban projects, citizen consultations, and scientific literature to construct a place-based glossary of viable site typologies, evaluated through energy, spatial, and qualitative criteria. Applied to the French city of Montpellier, our results illustrate how urban constraints and local resources shape the feasibility of decentralised, solar-powered digital infrastructures, and highlight the value of territorialised approaches for rethinking digital services within urban limits.