arXiv subjects

Adam Samorzewski

Publications and source records attributed to Adam Samorzewski.

11 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Sustainable Load Balancing for Wireless Networks With Renewable Energy Sources

Future wireless networks powered by renewable energy sources and storage systems (e.g., batteries) require energy-aware mechanisms to ensure stability in critical and high-demand scenarios. These include large-scale user gatherings, especially during evening hours when solar generation is unavailable, and days with poor wind conditions that limit the effectiveness of wind-based energy harvesting. Maintaining network performance under such constraints, while preserving stored energy, remains a key challenge. This work proposes an enhanced Proactive-Reactive Load Balancing algorithm that integrates energy conditions into mobility management. By leveraging standardized mobility events, the algorithm optimizes traffic distribution and energy utilization (avoiding complete drainage of stored energy), thereby preventing service degradation. Simulations show improved energy sustainability and network performance under congestion and limited solar availability.

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arXiv2026

RIS-Aided Mobile Network Design

In this paper, we examine the distribution of radio signal propagation within the city of Poznan (Poland) to determine optimal locations for deploying Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS). The study focuses on designing a 5G/6G Radio Access Network (RAN), incorporating eight Base Stations (BSs) that utilize either Single Input Single Output (SISO), or Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna technologies, depending on the network cell configuration. Through detailed simulations and analyses, we explore various propagation scenarios in both Line-of-Sight (LOS) and Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) conditions, considering the complex urban landscape characterized by high-rise buildings. The results demonstrate the potential of using RISs in mobile networks to enhance radio signal quality in urban environments through strategic placements. Our findings suggest that RISs can significantly mitigate Path Loss (PL) and improve signal coverage in challenging urban environments, particularly in areas where traditional base station deployment alone would be insufficient. Furthermore, the study highlights the role of RISs in reducing the need for additional base stations, thereby optimizing network costs and infrastructure while maintaining high-quality service delivery. The insights gained from this research provide valuable guidelines for network planners and engineers seeking to implement RIS technology in future 5G and beyond networks, ensuring more efficient and robust urban communication systems.

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arXiv2025

Signal Propagation in RIS-Aided 5G Systems

In this paper, we conduct an in-depth analysis of radio signal propagation characteristics within the urban environment of Poznan (Poland). The study specifically addresses the deployment of a 5th generation (5G NR - New Radio) Radio Access Network (RAN), which comprises 8 strategically positioned Base Stations (BSs). These base stations are configured with either Single Input Single Output (SISO) or Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna technologies, contingent upon the specific requirements of the network cells they serve. A key focus of our research is the integration of 15 reflecting arrays, known as Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs), which were installed throughout the study area. These RISs were deployed at various suspension heights to evaluate their impact on radio signal propagation and coverage. By exploring the influence of these RIS matrices, our research sheds light on their potential to significantly enhance signal quality, particularly in urban environments.

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arXiv2024

Radio signal propagation in 5G systems equipped with RISs (PL: Propagacja sygna{\l}u radiowego w systemach 5G wyposa\.zonych w matryce IPR)

In this paper, the characteristics of radio signal propagation within the boundaries of the city of Poznan (Poland) are analyzed. The study considers the use of a Radio Access Network (RAN) of the 5th generation wireless system (5G NR - New Radio), which includes 8 base stations (BSs) utilizing Single Input Single Output (SISO) or Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna technology depending on the adopted configuration of network cells. Additionally, 15 reflecting arrays known as Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs) were placed in the studied area, and their impact on radio signal propagation at different suspension heights was taken into account.

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arXiv2024

Energy Consumption in RES-Aware 5G Networks

In this work, the impact of using Renewable Energy Source (RES) generators in next-generation (5G) cellular systems on total power consumption (PC) has been investigated. The paper highlights the gain related to the use of photovoltaic (PV) panels and wind turbines (WTs) in the form of two factors - the average extension of battery lifetime (AEBL) powering a single network cell and the average reduction in energy consumption (AREC) within the whole network. The examination has been conducted for four different seasons of the year and various configurations of available power sources. The provided system scenario was based on real data on weather conditions, building placement, and implemented mobile networks for the city of Poznan in Poland. Used RES generators were designed in accordance with the specifications of real devices.

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arXiv2024

5G cellular systems supported by UAVs, RESs, and RISs (PL: Systemy kom\'orkowe 5G wspierane przez BSP, OZE oraz IPR)

The paper considers energy consumption in 5G cellular networks powered by Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) and equipped with Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs) and tethered Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), acting as mobile access points. The study was focused on the energy side of the Radio Access Network (RAN) located in the city of Pozna\'n in Poland. The profit associated with the use of renewable energy generators, i.e. photovoltaic panels (PVP) for base stations (BSs) is presented in the form of two factors: the average number of UAV charges (ANUC) to provide continuous access to mobile services for connected user equipment (UE) terminals, and the average reduction in energy consumption (AREC) of the wireless system.

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arXiv2024

5G Networks Supported by UAVs, RESs, and RISs

This paper presents the examination of the 5G cellular network aware of Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) and supported by Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs) and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles working as mobile access nodes. The investigations have been focused on the energy side of the Radio Access Network (RAN) placed within the area of the city of Poznan (Poland). The gain related to enabling RES generators, i.e., photovoltaic (PV) panels, for base stations (BSs) was presented in the form of two factors -- the average number of UAV replacements (ANUR) with a fully charged one to ensure continuous access to mobile services for currently served user equipment (UE) terminals, and the average reduction in energy consumption (AREC) within the whole network.

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arXiv2024

Energy Consumption in Wireless Systems Equipped with RES, UAVs, and IRSs

The paper considers the characteristics of the energy budget for mobile base stations (BSs) in the form of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) equipped with Radio Frequency (RF) transceivers, Intelligent Reconfigurable Surfaces (IRSs), and Renewable Energy Sources (RESs). The obtained results highlight the benefits and challenges related to using the aforementioned mobile base stations from the energy side. The research cases took into account two types of UAV devices - multirotor and fixed-wing (airplane-like).

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arXiv2023

Open RAN xApps Design and Evaluation: Lessons Learnt and Identified Challenges

Open Radio Access Networks (RAN) offer diverse economic opportunities. A transition to a flexible, modular approach within the disaggregated RAN framework is crucial, involving careful planning of RAN architecture and the deployment of specialized software applications. Collaboration across sectors is essential for efficiency and reliability, with the open-source community driving innovation. This paper explores challenges for third-party application developers in Open RAN. It provides a comparative analysis of solutions, focusing on xApp development and implementation. Challenges arise in two areas: the complexities of xApp development, particularly for advanced use cases like beam management, and issues in low-level software implementation within open platforms. In conclusion, key challenges must promote academia-industry collaboration in Open RAN. This paper shares early lessons from xApp development, guiding the field's evolution.

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arXiv2022

On the Placement and Sustainability of Drone FSO Backhaul Relays

We consider free-space optical (FSO) communication links for the backhaul connectivity of small cells (SCs) where a UAV with an FSO apparatus can serve as a backhaul relay node. We demonstrate how such drone relay stations (DRSs) can be deployed in a high-rise urban area in order to provide FSO line-of-sight (LOS) links that are unobstructed by buildings. Also, in our solution we consider the case where solar panels are mounted on DRSs such that placing the DRS in a sunny location is prioritized, and we show the gain in terms of number of required trips to recharge the UAV.

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arXiv2021

User Allocation in Heterogeneous Network Supplied by Renewable Energy Sources

The information and communication technology, ICT, a domain of the global economy, consumes more and more energy, what is the effect of continuously increasing wireless data traffic. Thus, there is a need for more energy-efficient and sustainable network and resource management, and such a goal can be achieved by the utilization of renewable energy sources. This paper proposes a novel user allocation scheme applicable to the heterogeneous radio access networks supplied with renewable energy sources. Presented results proved that high-energy efficiency can be accomplished by reallocating some traffic to the green wireless base station.

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