Inferring activity from fluid flow in continuum models of active matter
Active matter systems are driven out of thermodynamic equilibrium by localized, microscale energy dissipation. While hydrodynamic continuum frameworks are highly successful at simulating these non-equilibrium phenomena (the forward problem), characterizing real-world active materials is fundamentally bottlenecked by the difficulty of measuring active stresses directly. This paper addresses the inverse problem using deep learning: model inference and model selection from observable flow field data of active fluids. We formulate a generalized hydrodynamic inversion framework applied to two cornerstone paradigms of active continuum physics: Active Model H (representing scalar active matter) and Active Nematics (representing active systems with orientational order). We demonstrate that the kinetic energy spectrum obtained from the fluid flow fields preserve a high-fidelity signature of activity to infer parameters of active model H and active nematics. Our deep learning method presents a principled way to bear upon questions of model inference and selection given the flow field data in continuum models of active matter.