arXiv subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Akane Nakamura.
We express discrete Painlevé equations as discrete Hamiltonian systems. The discrete Hamiltonian systems here mean the canonical transformations defined by generating functions. Our construction relies on the classification of the discrete Painlevé equations based on the surface-type. The discrete Hamiltonians we obtain are written in the logarithm and dilogarithm functions.
We prove that for any autonomous 4-dimensional integral system of Painlevé type, the Jacobian of the generic spectral curve has a unique polarization, and thus by Torelli's theorem cannot be isomorphic as an unpolarized abelian surface to any other Jacobian. This enables us to identify the spectral curve and any irreducible genus two component of the boundary of an affine patch of the Liouville torus.
Higher dimensional analogs of the Painlevé equations have been proposed from various aspects. In recent studies, 4-dimensional analogs of the Painlevé equations were classified into 40 types. The aim of the present paper is to geometrically characterize these 40 types of equations. For this purpose, we study the autonomous limit of these equations and degeneration of their spectral curves. We obtain two functionally independent conserved quantities $H_1$ and $H_2$ for each system. We construct fibrations whose fiber at a general point $h_i $ is the spectral curve of the system with $H_i=h_i$ for $i=1, 2$. The singular fibers at $H_{i}=\infty$ are one of the degenerate curves of genus 2 classified by Namikawa and Ueno. Liu's algorithm enables us to give degeneration type of spectral curves for our 40 types of integrable systems. This result is analogous to the following observation; spectral curve fibrations of the autonomous 2-dimensional Painlevé equations $P_{\rm I}$, $P_{\rm II}$, $P_{\rm IV}$, $P_{\rm III}^{D_8}$, $P_{\rm III}^{D_7}$, $P_{\rm III}^{D_6}$, $P_{V}$ and $P_{\rm VI}$ are elliptic surfaces with the singular fiber at $H=\infty$ of Dynkin type $E_8^{(1)}$, $E_7^{(1)}$, $E_6^{(1)}$, $D_8^{(1)}$, $D_7^{(1)}$, $D_6^{(1)}$, $D_5^{(1)}$ and $D_4^{(1)}$, respectively.
Four 4-dimensional Painlevé-type equations are obtained by isomonodromic deformation of Fuchsian equations: they are the Garnier system in two variables, the Fuji-Suzuki system, the Sasano system, and the sixth matrix Painlevé system. Degenerating these four source equations, we systematically obtained other 4-dimensional Painlevé-type equations. If we only consider Painlevé-type equations whose associated linear equations are of unramified type, there are 22 types of 4-dimensional Painlevé-type equations: 9 of them are partial differential equations, 13 of them are ordinary differential equations. Some well-known equations such as Noumi-Yamada systems are included in this list. They are written as Hamiltonian systems, and their Hamiltonians are neatly written using Hamiltonians of the classical Painlevé equations.