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Akira Furusawa

Publications and source records attributed to Akira Furusawa.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources

Demonstration of a fully tuneable entangling gate for continuous-variable one-way quantum computation

We introduce a fully tuneable entangling gate for continuous-variable one-way quantum computation. We present a proof-of-principle demonstration by propagating two independent optical inputs through a three-mode linear cluster state and applying the gate in various regimes. The genuine quantum nature of the gate is confirmed by verifying the entanglement strength in the output state. Our protocol can be readily incorporated into efficient multi-mode interaction operations in the context of large-scale one-way quantum computation, as our tuning process is the generalisation of cluster state shaping.

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Hybrid quantum information processing

The development of quantum information processing has traditionally followed two separate and not immediately connected lines of study. The main line has focused on the implementation of quantum bit (qubit) based protocols whereas the other line has been devoted to implementations based on high-dimensional Gaussian states (such as coherent and squeezed states). The separation has been driven by the experimental difficulty in interconnecting the standard technologies of the two lines. However, in recent years, there has been a significant experimental progress in refining and connecting the technologies of the two fields which has resulted in the development and experimental realization of numerous new hybrid protocols. In this Review, we summarize these recent efforts on hybridizing the two types of schemes based on discrete and continuous variables.

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Experimental realization of a dynamic squeezing gate

Squeezing is a nonlinear Gaussian operation that is the key component in construction of other nonlinear Gaussian gates. In our implementation of the squeezing gate, the amount and the orientation of the squeezing can be controlled by an external driving signal with 1 MHz operational bandwidth. This opens a brand new area of dynamic Gaussian processing. In particular, the gate can be immediately employed as the feed-forward needed for the deterministic implementation of the quantum cubic gate, which is a key piece of universal quantum information processing.

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Noiseless conditional teleportation of a single photon

We experimentally demonstrate the noiseless teleportation of a single photon by conditioning on quadrature Bell measurement results near the origin in phase space and thereby circumventing the photon loss that otherwise occurs even in optimal gain-tuned continuous-variable quantum teleportation. In general, thanks to this loss suppression, the noiseless conditional teleportation can preserve the negativity of the Wigner function for an arbitrary pure input state and an arbitrary pure entangled resource state. In our experiment, the positive value of the Wigner function at the origin for the unconditional output state, W(0,0) = 0.015 $\pm$ 0.001, becomes clearly negative after conditioning, W(0,0) = $-$0.025 $\pm$ 0.005, illustrating the advantage of noiseless conditional teleportation.

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Exploring a new regime for processing optical qubits: squeezing and unsqueezing single photons

We implement the squeezing operation as a genuine quantum gate, deterministically and reversibly acting `online' upon an input state no longer restricted to the set of Gaussian states. More specifically, by applying an efficient and robust squeezing operation for the first time to non-Gaussian states, we demonstrate a two-way conversion between a particle-like single-photon state and a wave-like superposition of coherent states. Our squeezing gate is reliable enough to preserve the negativities of the corresponding Wigner functions. This demonstration represents an important and necessary step towards hybridizing discrete and continuous quantum protocols.

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Nonlocal quantum gate on quantum continuous variables with minimum resources

We experimentally demonstrate, with an all-optical setup, a nonlocal deterministic quantum non-demolition interaction gate applicable to quantum states at nodes separated by a physical distance and connected by classical communication channels. The gate implementation, based on entangled states shared in advance, local operations, and classical communication, runs completely in parallel fashion at both the local nodes, requiring minimum resource. The nondemolition character of the gate up to the local unitary squeezing is verified by the analysis using several coherent states. A genuine quantum nature of the gate is confirmed by the capability of deterministically producing an entangled state at the output from two separable input states. The all-optical nonlocal gate operation can be potentially incorporated into distributed quantum computing with atomic or solid state systems as a cross-processor unitary operation.

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Deterministic quantum teleportation of photonic quantum bits by a hybrid technique

Quantum teleportation allows for the transfer of arbitrary, in principle, unknown quantum states from a sender to a spatially distant receiver, who share an entangled state and can communicate classically. It is the essence of many sophisticated protocols for quantum communication and computation. In order to realize flying qubits in these schemes, photons are an optimal choice, however, teleporting a photonic qubit has been limited due to experimental inefficiencies and restrictions. Major disadvantages have been the fundamentally probabilistic nature of linear-optics Bell measurements as well as the need for either destroying the teleported qubit or attenuating the input qubit when the detectors do not resolve photon numbers. Here we experimentally realize fully deterministic, unconditional quantum teleportation of photonic qubits. The key element is to make use of a "hybrid" technique: continuous-variable (CV) teleportation of a discrete-variable, photonic qubit. By optimally tuning the receiver's feedforward gain, the CV teleporter acts as a pure loss channel, while the input dual-rail encoded qubit, based on a single photon, represents a quantum error detection code against amplitude damping and hence remains completely intact for most teleportation events. This allows for a faithful qubit transfer even with imperfect CV entangled states: the overall transfer fidelities range from 0.79 to 0.82 for four distinct qubits, all of them exceeding the classical limit of teleportation. Furthermore, even for a relatively low level of the entanglement, qubits are teleported much more efficiently than in previous experiments, albeit post-selectively (taking into account only the qubit subspaces), with a fidelity comparable to the previously reported values.

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Gain tuning for continuous-variable quantum teleportation of discrete-variable states

We present a general formalism to describe continuous-variable (CV) quantum teleportation of discrete-variable (DV) states with gain tuning, taking into account experimental imperfections. Here the teleportation output is given by independently transforming each density matrix element of the initial state. This formalism allows us to accurately model various teleportation experiments and to analyze the gain dependence of their respective figures of merit. We apply our formalism to the recent experiment of CV teleportation of qubits [S. Takeda et al., Nature 500, 315 (2013)] and investigate the optimal gain for the transfer fidelity. We also propose and model an experiment for CV teleportation of DV entanglement. It is shown that, provided the experimental losses are within a certain range, DV entanglement can be teleported for any non-zero squeezing by optimally tuning the gain.

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Creation, storage, and on-demand release of optical quantum states with a negative Wigner function

Highly nonclassical quantum states of light, characterized by Wigner functions with negative values, have been created so far only in a heralded fashion. In this case, the desired output emerges rarely and randomly from a quantum-state generator. An important example is the heralded production of high-purity single-photon states, typically based on some nonlinear optical interaction. In contrast, on-demand single-photon sources were also reported, exploiting the quantized level structure of matter systems. These sources, however, lead to highly impure output states, composed mostly of vacuum. While such impure states may still exhibit certain single-photon-like features such as anti-bunching, they are not enough nonclassical for advanced quantum information processing. On the other hand, the intrinsic randomness of pure, heralded states can be circumvented by first storing and then releasing them on demand. Here we propose such a controlled release, and we experimentally demonstrate it for heralded single photons. We employ two optical cavities, where the photons are both created and stored inside one cavity, and finally released through a dynamical tuning of the other cavity. We demonstrate storage times of up to 300 ns, while keeping the single-photon purity around 50% after storage. This is the first demonstration of a negative Wigner function at the output of an on-demand photon source or a quantum memory. In principle, our storage system is compatible with all kinds of nonclassical states, including those known to be essential for many advanced quantum information protocols.

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Generation and characterization of resource state for nonlinear cubic phase gate

Unitary non-Gaussian nonlinearity is one of the key components required for quantum computation and other developing applications of quantum information processing. Sufficient operation of this kind is still not available, but it can be approximatively implemented with help of a specifically engineered resource state constructed from individual photons. We present experimental realization and thorough analysis of such quantum resource state, and confirm that the state does indeed possess properties of a state produced by unitary dynamics driven by cubic nonlinearity.

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Quantum-Limited Mirror-Motion Estimation

We experimentally demonstrate optomechanical motion and force measurements near the quantum precision limits set by the quantum Cramér-Rao bounds (QCRBs). Optical beams in coherent and phase-squeezed states are used to measure the motion of a mirror under an external stochastic force. Utilizing optical phase tracking and quantum smoothing techniques, we achieve position, momentum, and force estimation accuracies close to the QCRBs with the coherent state, while estimation using squeezed states shows clear quantum enhancements beyond the coherent-state bounds.

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Generating superposition of up-to three photons for continuous variable quantum information processing

We develop an experimental scheme based on a continuous-wave (cw) laser for generating arbitrary superpositions of photon number states. In this experiment, we successfully generate superposition states of zero to three photons, namely advanced versions of superpositions of two and three coherent states. They are fully compatible with developed quantum teleportation and measurement-based quantum operations with cw lasers. Due to achieved high detection efficiency, we observe, without any loss correction, multiple areas of negativity of Wigner function, which confirm strongly nonclassical nature of the generated states.

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Generation and Eight-port Homodyne Characterization of Time-bin Qubits for Continuous-variable Quantum Information Processing

We experimentally generate arbitrary time-bin qubits using continuous-wave light. The advantage unique to our qubit is its compatibility with deterministic continuous-variable quantum information processing. This compatibility comes from its optical coherence with continuous waves, well-defined spatio-temporal mode, and frequency spectrum within the operational bandwidth of the current continuous-variable technology. We also demonstrate an efficient scheme to characterize time-bin qubits via eight-port homodyne measurement. This enables the complete characterization of the qubits as two-mode states, as well as a flexible analysis equivalent to the conventional scheme based on a Mach-Zehnder interferometer and photon-detection.

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Experimental demonstration of coherent feedback control on optical field squeezing

Coherent feedback is a non-measurement based, hence a back-action free, method of control for quantum systems. A typical application of this control scheme is squeezing enhancement, a purely non-classical effect in quantum optics. In this paper we report its first experimental demonstration that well agrees with the theory taking into account time delays and losses in the coherent feedback loop. The results clarify both the benefit and the limitation of coherent feedback control in a practical situation.

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Quantum-enhanced optical phase tracking

Tracking a randomly varying optical phase is a key task in metrology, with applications in optical communication. The best precision for optical phase tracking has till now been limited by the quantum vacuum fluctuations of coherent light. Here we surpass this coherent-state limit by using a continuous-wave beam in a phase-squeezed quantum state. Unlike in previous squeezing-enhanced metrology, restricted to phases with very small variation, the best tracking precision (for a fixed light intensity) is achieved for a finite degree of squeezing, due to Heisenberg's uncertainty principle. By optimizing the squeezing we track the phase with a mean square error 15 \pm 4 % below the coherent-state limit.

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Teleportation of Nonclassical Wave Packets of light

We report on the experimental quantum teleportation of strongly nonclassical wave packets of light. To perform this full quantum operation while preserving and retrieving the fragile non-classicality of the input state, we have developed a broadband, zero-dispersion teleportation apparatus that works in conjunction with time-resolved state preparation equipment. Our approach brings within experimental reach a whole new set of hybrid protocols involving discrete- and continuous-variable techniques in quantum information processing for optical sciences.

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Quantum mode filtering of non-Gaussian states for teleportation-based quantum information processing

We propose and demonstrate an effective mode-filtering technique of non-Gaussian states generated by photon-subtraction. More robust non-Gaussian states have been obtained by removing noisy low frequencies from the original mode spectrum. We show that non-Gaussian states preserve their non-classicality after quantum teleportation to a higher degree, when they have been mode-filtered. This is indicated by a stronger negativity $-0.033 \pm 0.005$ of the Wigner function at the origin, compared to $-0.018 \pm 0.007$ for states that have not been mode-filtered. This technique can be straightforwardly applied to various kinds of photon-subtraction protocols, and can be a key ingredient in a variety of applications of non-Gaussian states, especially teleportation-based protocols towards universal quantum information processing.

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Optical homodyne tomography with polynomial series expansion

We present and demonstrate a method for optical homodyne tomography based on the inverse Radon transform. Different from the usual filtered back-projection algorithm, this method uses an appropriate polynomial series to expand the Wigner function and the marginal distribution and discretize Fourier space. We show that this technique solves most technical difficulties encountered with kernel deconvolution based methods and reconstructs overall better and smoother Wigner functions. We also give estimators of the reconstruction errors for both methods and show improvement in noise handling properties and resilience to statistical errors.

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