arXiv subjects

Alberto Enciso

Publications and source records attributed to Alberto Enciso.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

arXiv2022

Inverse localization and global approximation for some Schrödinger operators on hyperbolic spaces

We consider the question of whether the high-energy eigenfunctions of certain Schrödinger operators on the $d$-dimensional hyperbolic space of constant curvature $-κ^2$ are flexible enough to approximate an arbitrary solution of the Helmholtz equation $Δh+h=0$ on $\mathbf{R}^d$, over the natural length scale $O(λ^{-1/2})$ determined by the eigenvalue $λ\gg 1$. This problem is motivated by the fact that, by the asymptotics of the local Weyl law, approximate Laplace eigenfunctions do have this approximation property on any compact Riemannian manifold. In this paper we are specifically interested in the Coulomb and harmonic oscillator operators on the hyperbolic spaces $\mathbf{H}^d(κ)$. As the dimension of the space of bound states of these operators tends to infinity as $κ$ tends to 0, one can hope to approximate solutions to the Helmholtz equation by eigenfunctions for some $κ> 0$ that is not fixed a priori. Our main result shows that this is indeed the case, under suitable hypotheses. We also prove a global approximation theorem with decay for the Helmholtz equation on manifolds that are isometric to the hyperbolic space outside a compact set, and consider an application to the study of the heat equation on $\mathbf{H}^d(κ)$. Although global approximation and inverse approximation results are heuristically related in that both theorems explore flexibility properties of solutions to elliptic equations on hyperbolic spaces, we will see that the underlying ideas behind these theorems are very different.

math.SP↗

arXiv2021

Localization properties of high energy eigenfunctions on flat tori

We consider the question of when the Laplace eigenfunctions on an arbitrary flat torus $\mathbf{T}_Γ:=\mathbf{R}^d/Γ$ are flexible enough to approximate, over the natural length scale of order $1/\sqrtλ$, where $λ\gg1$ is the eigenvalue, an arbitary solution of the Helmholtz equation $Δh + h=0$ on $\mathbf{R}^d$. This problem is motivated by the fact that, by the asymptotics for the local Weyl law, "approximate Laplace eigenfunctions" do have this approximation property on any compact Riemannian manifold. What we find is that the answer depends solely on the arithmetic properties of the spectrum. Specifically, recall that the eigenvalues of $\mathbf{T}_Γ$ are of the form $λ_k=Q_Γ(k)$, where $Q_Γ$ is a quadratic form and $k \in \mathbf{Z}^d$. Our main result is that the eigenfunctions of $\mathbf{T}_Γ$ have the desired approximation property if and only $Q_Γ$ is a multiple of a quadratic form with integer coefficients. In particular, the set of lattices $Γ$ for which this approximation property holds has measure zero but includes all rational lattices. A consequence of this fact is that when $Q_Γ$ is a multiple of a quadratic form with integer coefficients, Laplace eigenfunctions exhibit an extremely flexible behavior over scales of order $1/\sqrtλ$. In particular, there are eigenfunctions of arbitrarily high energy that exhibit nodal components diffeomorphic to any compact hypersurface of diameter $O(1/\sqrtλ)$.

math.SP↗

arXiv2021

Critical point asymptotics for Gaussian random waves with densities of any Sobolev regularity

We consider Gaussian random monochromatic waves $u$ on the plane depending on a real parameter $s$ that is directly related to the regularity of its Fourier transform. Specifically, the Fourier transform of $u$ is $f\,dσ$, where $dσ$ is the Hausdorff measure on the unit circle and the density $f$ is a function on the circle that, roughly speaking, has exactly $s-\frac12$ derivatives in $L^2$ almost surely. When $s=0$, one recovers the classical setting for random waves with a translation-invariant covariance-kernel. The main thrust of this paper is to explore the connection between the regularity parameter $s$ and the asymptotic behavior of the number $N(\nabla u,R)$ of critical points that are contained in the disk of radius $R\gg1$. More precisely, we show that the expectation $\mathbb{E}N(\nabla u,R)$ grows like the area of the disk when the regularity is low enough ($s<\frac32$) and like the diameter when the regularity is high enough ($s>\frac52$), and that the corresponding exponent changes according to a linear interpolation law in the intermediate regime. The transitions occurring at the endpoint cases involve the square root of the logarithm of the radius. Interestingly, the highest asymptotic growth rate occurs only in the classical translation-invariant setting, $s=0$. A key step of the proof of this result is the obtention of precise asymptotic expansions for certain Neumann series of Bessel functions. When the regularity parameter is $s>5$, we show that in fact $N(\nabla u,R)$ grows like the diameter with probability 1, albeit the ratio is not a universal constant but a random variable.

math.SP↗

arXiv2021

Self-intersecting interfaces for stationary solutions of the two-fluid Euler equations

We prove that there are stationary solutions to the 2D incompressible free boundary Euler equations with two fluids, possibly with a small gravity constant, that feature a splash singularity. More precisely, in the solutions we construct the interface is a $C^{2,α}$ smooth curve that intersects itself at one point, and the vorticity density on the interface is of class $C^α$. The proof consists in perturbing Crapper's family of formal stationary solutions with one fluid, so the crux is to introduce a small but positive second-fluid density. To do so, we use a novel set of weighted estimates for self-intersecting interfaces that squeeze an incompressible fluid. These estimates will also be applied to interface evolution problems in a forthcoming paper.

math.AP↗

arXiv2021

Asymptotics for the nodal components of non-identically distributed monochromatic random waves

We study monochromatic random waves on $\mathbb{R}^n$ defined by Gaussian variables whose variances tend to zero sufficiently fast. This has the effect that the Fourier transform of the monochromatic wave is an absolutely continuous measure on the sphere with a suitably smooth density, which connects the problem with the scattering regime of monochromatic waves. In this setting, we compute the asymptotic distribution of the nodal components of random monochromatic waves, showing that the number of nodal components contained in a large ball $B_R$ grows asymptotically like $R/π$ with probability $p_n>0$, and is bounded uniformly in $R$ with probability $1-p_n$ (which is positive if and only if $n \geq 3$). In the latter case, we show the existence of a unique noncompact nodal component. We also provide an explicit sufficient stability criterion to ascertain when a more general Gaussian probability distribution has the same asymptotic nodal distribution law.

math.SP↗

arXiv2020

Ramified local isometric embeddings of singular Riemannian metrics

In this paper, we are concerned with the existence of local isometric embeddings into Euclidean space for analytic Riemannian metrics $g$, defined on a domain $U\subset \mathbf{R}^n$, which are singular in the sense that the determinant of the metric tensor is allowed to vanish at an isolated point (say the origin). Specifically, we show that, under suitable technical assumptions, there exists a local analytic isometric embedding $u$ from $(U',Π^*g)$ into Euclidean space $\mathbf{E}^{(n^2+3n-4)/2}$, where $Π:U' \to U\backslash\{0\}$ is a finite Riemannian branched cover of a deleted neighborhood of the origin. Our result can thus be thought of as a generalization of the classical Cartan-Janet Theorem to the singular setting in which the metric tensor is degenerate at an isolated point. Our proof uses Leray's ramified Cauchy-Kovalevskaya Theorem for analytic differential systems, in the form obtained by Choquet-Bruhat for non-linear systems.

math.DG↗

arXiv2020

Overdetermined boundary problems with nonconstant Dirichlet and Neumann data

In this paper we consider the overdetermined boundary problem for a general second order semilinear elliptic equation on bounded domains of $\mathbf{R}^n$, where one prescribes both the Dirichlet and Neumann data of the solution. We are interested in the case where the data are not necessarily constant and where the coefficients of the equation can depend on the position, so that the overdetermined problem does not generally admit a radial solution. Our main result is that, nevertheless, under minor technical hypotheses nontrivial solutions to the overdetermined boundary problem always exist.

math.AP↗

arXiv2020

Non-existence of axisymmetric optimal domains with smooth boundary for the first curl eigenvalue

We say that a bounded domain $Ω$ is optimal for the first positive curl eigenvalue $μ_1(Ω)$ if $μ_1(Ω)\leq μ_1(Ω')$ for any domain $Ω'$ with the same volume. In spite of the fact that $μ_1(Ω)$ is uniformly lower bounded in terms of the volume, in this paper we prove that there are no axisymmetric optimal (and even locally minimizing) domains with $C^{2,α}$ boundary that satisfies a mild technical assumption. As a particular case, this rules out the existence of $C^{2,α}$ optimal axisymmetric domains with a convex section. An analogous result holds in the case of the first negative curl eigenvalue.

math.AP↗

arXiv2020

Beltrami fields exhibit knots and chaos almost surely

In this paper we show that, with probability 1, a random Beltrami field exhibits chaotic regions that coexist with invariant tori of complicated topologies. The motivation to consider this question, which arises in the study of stationary Euler flows in dimension 3, is V.I. Arnold's 1965 conjecture that a typical Beltrami field exhibits the same complexity as the restriction to an energy hypersurface of a generic Hamiltonian system with two degrees of freedom. The proof hinges on the obtention of asymptotic bounds for the number of horseshoes, zeros, and knotted invariant tori and periodic trajectories that a Gaussian random Beltrami field exhibits, which we obtain through a nontrivial extension of the Nazarov--Sodin theory for Gaussian random monochromatic waves and the application of different tools from the theory of dynamical systems, including KAM theory, Melnikov analysis and hyperbolicity. Our results hold both in the case of Beltrami fields on $\mathbf{R}^3$ and of high-frequency Beltrami fields on the 3-torus.

math.SP↗

arXiv2020

Piecewise smooth stationary Euler flows with compact support via overdetermined boundary problems

We construct new stationary weak solutions of the 3D Euler equation with compact support. The solutions, which are piecewise smooth and discontinuous across a surface, are axisymmetric with swirl. The range of solutions we find is different from, and larger than, the family of smooth stationary solutions recently obtained by Gavrilov and Constantin-La-Vicol; in particular, these solutions are not localizable. A key step in the proof is the construction of solutions to an overdetermined elliptic boundary value problem where one prescribes both Dirichlet and (nonconstant) Neumann data.

math.AP↗

arXiv2020

Carleman estimates with sharp weights and boundary observability for wave operators with critically singular potentials

We establish a new family of Carleman inequalities for wave operators on cylindrical spacetime domains containing a potential that is critically singular, diverging as an inverse square on all the boundary of the domain. These estimates are sharp in the sense that they capture both the natural boundary conditions and the natural $H^1$-energy. The proof is based around three key ingredients: the choice of a novel Carleman weight with rather singular derivatives on the boundary, a generalization of the classical Morawetz inequality that allows for inverse-square singularities, and the systematic use of derivative operations adapted to the potential. As an application of these estimates, we prove a boundary observability property for the associated wave equations.

math.AP↗

arXiv2019

Beltrami fields with hyperbolic periodic orbits enclosed by knotted invariant tori

We prove that there exist Beltrami fields in Euclidean space, with sharp decay at infinity, which have a prescribed set of invariant tori (possibly knotted or linked) that enclose an arbitrarily large number of hyperbolic periodic orbits. These hyperbolic orbits are cablings over the core curve of each torus. Moreover, the domain bounded by each invariant torus is covered by an almost full measure set of invariant tori. We show that an analogous result holds for high-frequency Beltrami fields on the flat 3-torus.

math.DS↗

arXiv2019

Approximation theorems for the Schrödinger equation and quantum vortex reconnection

We prove the existence of smooth solutions to the Gross-Pitaevskii equation on $\mathbf{R}^3$ that feature arbitrarily complex quantum vortex reconnections. We can track the evolution of the vortices during the whole process. This permits to describe the reconnection events in detail and verify that this scenario exhibits the properties observed in experiments and numerics, such as the $t^{1/2}$ and change of parity laws. We are mostly interested in solutions tending to1 at infinity, which have finite Ginzburg-Landau energy and physically correspond to the presence of a background chemical potential, but we also consider the cases of Schwartz initial data and of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation on the torus. An essential ingredient in the proofs is the development of novel global approximation theorems for the Schrödinger equation on $\mathbf{R}^n$. Specifically, we prove a qualitative approximation result that applies for solutions defined on very general spacetime sets and also a quantitative result for solutions on product sets in spacetime $D \times \mathbf{R}$. This hinges on frequency-dependent estimates for the Helmholtz-Yukawa equation that are of independent interest.

math.AP↗

arXiv2018

Convexity of Whitham's highest cusped wave

We prove the existence of a periodic traveling wave of extreme form of the Whitham equation that has a convex profile between consecutive stagnation points, at which it is known to feature a cusp of exactly $C^{1/2}$ regularity. The convexity of Whitham's highest cusped wave had been conjectured by Ehrnström and Wahlén.

math.AP↗

arXiv2018

Approximation theorems for parabolic equations and movement of local hot spots

We prove a global approximation theorem for a general parabolic operator $L$, which asserts that if $v$ satisfies the equation $Lv=0$ in a spacetime region $Ω\subset \mathbb{R}^{n+1}$ satisfying certain necessary topological condition, then it can be approximated in a Hölder norm by a global solution $u$ to the equation. If $Ω$ is compact and $L$ is the usual heat operator, one can instead approximate the local solution $v$ by the unique solution that falls off at infinity to the Cauchy problem with a suitably chosen smooth, compactly supported initial datum. These results are next applied to prove the existence of global solutions to the equation $Lu=0$ with a local hot spot that moves along a prescribed curve for all time, up to a uniformly small error. Global solutions that exhibit isothermic hypersurfaces of prescribed topologies for all times and applications to the heat equation on the flat torus are discussed too.

math.AP↗

arXiv2018

High-energy eigenfunctions of the Laplacian on the torus and the sphere with nodal sets of complicated topology

Let $Σ$ be an oriented compact hypersurface in the round sphere $\mathbb{S}^n$ or in the flat torus $\mathbb{T}^n$, $n\geq 3$. In the case of the torus, $Σ$ is further assumed to be contained in a contractible subset of $\mathbb{T}^n$. We show that for any sufficiently large enough odd integer $N$ there exists an eigenfunctions $ψ$ of the Laplacian on $\mathbb{S}^n$ or $\mathbb{T}^n$ satisfying $Δψ=-λψ$ (with $λ=N(N+n-1)$ or $N^2$ on $\mathbb{S}^n$ or $\mathbb{T}^n$, respectively), and with a connected component of the nodal set of $ψ$ given by~$Σ$, up to an ambient diffeomorphism.

math.AP↗

arXiv2018

Stationary phase methods and the splitting of separatrices

Using stationary phase methods, we provide an explicit formula for the Melnikov function of the one and a half degrees of freedom system given by a Hamiltonian system subject to a rapidly oscillating perturbation. Remarkably, the Melnikov function turns out to be computable without an explicit knowledge of the separatrix and in the case of non-analytic systems. This is related to a priori stable systems coupled with low regularity perturbations. It also applies to perturbations controlled by wave-type equations, so in particular we also illustrate this result with the motion of charged particles in a rapidly oscillating electromagnetic field. Quasiperiodic perturbations are discussed too.

math.DS↗

arXiv2018

Minimal surfaces with micro-oscillations

We show that there are minimal graphs in R^{n+1} whose intersection with the portion of the horizontal hyperplane contained in the unit ball has any prescribed geometry, up to a small deformation. The proof hinges on the construction of minimal graphs that are almost flat but have small oscillations whose geometry we can control.

math.DG↗