arXiv subjects

Alejandro M. Yacomotti

Publications and source records attributed to Alejandro M. Yacomotti.

10 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Time-Resolved dynamics of semiconductor nanolaser via four-wave mixing gating

We experimentally demonstrate the direct time-domain characterization of photonic-crystal nanolasers at telecom wavelengths using a nonlinear optical gating technique based on four-wave mixing. This approach enables the temporal characterization of the ultrafast emission dynamics under short-pulse excitation with picosecond time resolution. When a weak continuous-wave component is added to the pulsed pump, the emission becomes deterministic and the build-up time is considerably reduced. The difference between purely pulsed and hybrid excitation regimes points to the influence of pulse-to-pulse timing fluctuations. To elucidate this effect, we perform Langevin-based simulations that reproduce the experimentally observed broadening and confirm that time jitter, originating from spontaneous-emission noise near threshold, dominates the temporal dispersion. These results establish four-wave-mixing gating as a powerful method to probe nanolaser dynamics with picosecond precision.

physics.optics↗

arXiv2025

Twisted light from topological chiral exceptional points in a nanolaser array

We propose and experimentally demonstrate an orbital angular momentum (OAM) nanolaser array arranged in a ring geometry on an InP-based photonic crystal membrane. The device realizes a non-Hermitian extension of the Rice-Mele model, featuring alternating coupling strengths and imaginary on-site detunings. This configuration supports a symmetry-protected zero mode stabilized by non-Hermitian particle-hole symmetry, which enforces a uniform $π/2$ phase shift between adjacent nanolasers, establishing a coherent phase winding around the array. By adjusting the gain/loss contrast in a parity-time (PT)-like pumping scheme, the system can be tuned to a chiral exceptional point, where energy flows unidirectionally between nanocavities despite their reciprocal coupling. This symmetry-enforced, directional tunneling leads to far-field emission carrying non-zero OAM, providing a direct signature of the phase-structured lasing mode. Our results demonstrate a robust and scalable strategy for engineering compact, phase-locked laser arrays with controllable angular momentum output, and open new avenues for structured light generation in integrated photonic platforms.

physics.optics↗

arXiv2022

Tracking exceptional points above laser threshold

Recent studies on non-Hermitian optical systems having exceptional points (EPs) have revealed a host of unique characteristics associated with these singularities, including unidirectional invisibility, chiral mode switching and laser self-termination, to mention just a few examples. The vast majority of these works focused either on passive systems or active structures where the EPs were accessed below the lasing threshold, i.e. when the system description is inherently linear. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate that EP singularities in coupled semiconductor nanolasers can be accessed and tracked above the lasing threshold, where they become branch points of a nonlinear dynamical system. Contrary to the common belief that unavoidable cavity detuning will impede the formation of an EP, here we demonstrate that this same detuning is necessary for compensating the carrier-induced frequency shift, hence restoring the nonlinear EP in the lasing regime. Furthermore, unlike linear non-Hermitian systems, we find that the spectral location of EPs above laser threshold varies as a function of total pump power and can therefore be continuously tracked. Our work is a first step towards the realization of lasing EPs in more complex laser geometries, and enabling the enhancement of photonic local density of states through non-Hermitian symmetries combined with nonlinear interactions in coupled laser arrays.

physics.optics↗

arXiv2022

Quantum density matrix theory for a laser without adiabatic elimination of the population inversion: transition to lasing in the class-B limit

Despite the enormous technological interest in micro and nanolasers, surprisingly, no class-B quantum density-matrix model is available to date, capable of accurately describing coherence and photon correlations within a unified theory. In class-B lasers $-$applicable for most solid-state lasers at room temperature$-$, the macroscopic polarization decay rate is larger than the cavity damping rate which, in turn, exceeds the upper level population decay rate. Here we carry out a density-matrix theoretical approach for generic class-B lasers, and provide closed equations for the photonic and atomic reduced density matrix in the Fock basis of photons. Such a relatively simple model can be numerically integrated in a straightforward way, and exhibits all the expected phenomena, from one-atom photon antibunching, to the well-known S-shaped input-output laser emission and super-Poissonian autocorrelation for many atoms ($1\leq g^{(2)}(0)\leq 2$), and from few photons (large spontaneous emission factors, $β\sim1$) to the thermodynamic limit ($N\gg1$ and $β\sim 0$). Based on the analysis of $g^{(2)}(τ)$, we conclude that super-Poissonian fluctuations are clearly related to relaxation oscillations in the photon number. We predict a strong damping of relaxation oscillations with an atom number as small as $N\sim 10$. This model enables the study of few-photon bifurcations and non-classical photon correlations in class-B laser devices, also leveraging quantum descriptions of coherently coupled nanolaser arrays.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2022

Image classification using collective optical modes of an array of nanolasers

Recent advancements in nanolaser design and manufacturing open up unprecedented perspectives in terms of high integration densities and ultra-low power consumption, making these devices ideal for high-performance optical computing systems. In this work we exploit the symmetry properties of the collective modes of a nanolaser array for binary image classification. The implementation is based on a 8x8 array, and relies on the activation of a collective optical mode of the array, the so-called "zero mode", under spatially modulated pump patterns. We demonstrate that a simple training strategy allows us to achieve an overall success rate of 98% in binary image recognition.

cs.ET↗

arXiv2021

Direct observation of zero modes in a non-Hermitian nanocavity array

Zero modes are symmetry protected ones whose energy eigenvalues have zero real parts. In Hermitian arrays, they arise as a consequence of the sublattice symmetry, implying that they are dark modes. In non-Hermitian systems, that naturally emerge in gain/loss optical cavities, particle-hole symmetry prevails instead; the resulting zero modes are no longer dark but feature $π/2$ phase jumps between adjacent cavities. Here we report on the direct observation of zero modes in a non-Hermitian three coupled photonic crystal nanocavity array containing quantum wells. Unlike the Hermitian counterparts, the non-Hermitian zero modes can only be observed for small sublattice detuning, and they can be identified through far-field imaging and spectral filtering of the photoluminescence at selected pump locations. We explain the zero mode coalescence as a parity-time phase transition for small coupling. These zero modes are robust against coupling disorder, and can be used for laser mode engineering and photonic computing.

physics.optics↗

arXiv2019

Mesoscopic limit cycles in coupled nanolasers

Two coupled semiconductor nanolasers exhibit a mode switching transition, theoretically characterized by limit cycle $-$or mode-beating$-$ oscillations. Their decay rate is vanishingly small in the thermodynamic limit, i.e. when the spontaneous emission noise $β$-factor tends to zero. We provide experimental evidence of mesoscopic limit cycles $-$with $\sim 10^3$ intracavity photons$-$ through photon statistics measurements. We first show that the order parameter quantifying the limit cycle amplitude can be reconstructed from the mode intensity statistics. As a main result we observe a maximum of the averaged amplitude at the mode switching, accounting for limit cycle oscillations. We finally relate this maximum to a dip of mode cross-correlations, reaching a minimum of $g_{ij}^{(2)}=2/3$, which we show to be a mesoscopic limit. Coupled nanolasers are thus an appealing testbed for the investigation of spontaneous breaking of time-translation symmetry in presence of strong quantum fluctuations.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2017

Quench dynamics in strongly coupled laser cavities

Strongly coupled dissipative optical cavities with nonlinear interactions give new opportunities to explore symmetry breaking phenomena and phase transitions, Josephson dynamics and quantum criticality. Among the different experimental realizations, photonic crystal coupled nanocavities operating in the laser regime are outstanding systems since nonlinearity, gain/dissipation and intercavity coupling can be judiciously tailored. Yet, although most common scenarios emerge from quasi-dynamical equilibrium where the gain nearly compensates for losses, little is known about far out-of-equilibrium dynamics resulting, for instance, from short pulsed pumping inducing a classical "quench". Here we show that bimodal nanolasers generically display transient dynamics after quench which, when projected onto the nonlasing mode, exhibit superthermal light. Such a mechanism is akin to the fast cooling of a suspension of Brownian particles under gravity, with the intracavity intensity playing the role of the inverse temperature. We implement a simple experimental technique to access the probability density functions, that enabled quantifying the distance from thermal equilibrium --and hence the degree of residual order-- via the Gibbs entropy. This allowed us to further detect mixing of thermal states with coherent broken parity phases, thus paving the road for investigating far nonequilibrium thermodynamics with multimode optical oscillators.

physics.optics↗

arXiv2016

Stimulated scattering in strongly coupled nanolasers induced by Rabi oscillations

Two coupled-cavity systems, or "photonic dimers", are efficient test-beds for both fundamental optics -the realization of quantum correlated states, Josephson physics, and so forth-, and applications such as optical flip-flop memories. In this work we report on the first observation of nonlinear mode interaction in a photonic dimer formed by two semiconductor photonic crystal coupled nanolasers. For this, we investigate energy transfer between hybrid modes, which manifests as a switching from the blue-detuned (bonding) to the red-detuned (anti-bonding) modes. An mean-field model allows us to explain this phenomenon as stimulated scattering due to carrier population oscillations in the cavities at the Rabi frequency. Such asymmetrical mode interaction is universal in semiconductor laser photonic molecules, and unveils the origin of cross-correlation dips in the statistics of mode fluctuations.

physics.optics↗

arXiv2014

Spontaneous mirror-symmetry breaking in a photonic molecule

Multi-cavity photonic systems, known as photonic molecules (PMs), are ideal multi-well potential building blocks for advanced quantum and nonlinear optics. A key phenomenon arising in double well potentials is the spontaneous breaking of the inversion symmetry, i.e. a transition from a delocalized to two localized states in the wells, which are mirror images of each other. Although few theoretical studies have addressed mirror-symmetry breaking in micro and nanophotonic systems, no experimental evidence has been reported to date. Thanks to the potential barrier engineering implemented here, we demonstrate spontaneous mirror-symmetry breaking through a pitchfork bifurcation in a PM composed of two coupled photonic crystal nanolasers. Coexistence of localized states is shown by switching them with short pulses. This offers exciting prospects for the realization of ultra-compact, integrated, scalable optical flip-flops based on spontaneous symmetry breaking. Furthermore, we predict such transitions with few intracavity photons for future devices with strong quantum correlations.

physics.optics↗