arXiv subjects

Alessandro Sbrizzi

Publications and source records attributed to Alessandro Sbrizzi.

23 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

arXiv2019

High resolution in-vivo MR-STAT using a matrix-free and parallelized reconstruction algorithm

MR-STAT is a recently proposed framework that allows the reconstruction of multiple quantitative parameter maps from a single short scan by performing spatial localisation and parameter estimation on the time domain data simultaneously, without relying on the FFT. To do this at high-resolution, specialized algorithms are required to solve the underlying large-scale non-linear optimisation problem. We propose a matrix-free and parallelized inexact Gauss-Newton based reconstruction algorithm for this purpose. The proposed algorithm is implemented on a high performance computing cluster and is demonstrated to be able to generate high-resolution ($1mm \times 1mm$ in-plane resolution) quantitative parameter maps in simulation, phantom and in-vivo brain experiments. Reconstructed $T_1$ and $T_2$ values for the gel phantoms are in agreement with results from gold standard measurements and for the in-vivo experiments the quantitative values show good agreement with literature values. In all experiments short pulse sequences with robust Cartesian sampling are used for which conventional MR Fingerprinting reconstructions are shown to fail.

physics.med-ph↗

arXiv2019

Understanding the combined effect of $k$-space undersampling and transient states excitation in MR Fingerprinting reconstructions

Magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) is able to estimate multiple quantitative tissue parameters from a relatively short acquisition. The main characteristic of an MRF sequence is the simultaneous application of (a) transient states excitation and (b) highly undersampled $k$-space. Despite the promising empirical results obtained with MRF, no work has appeared that formally describes the combined impact of these two aspects on the reconstruction accuracy. In this paper, a mathematical model is derived that directly relates the time varying RF excitation and the $k$-space sampling to the spatially dependent reconstruction errors. A subsequent in-depth analysis identifies the mechanisms by which MRF sequence properties affect accuracy, providing a formal explanation of several empirically observed or intuitively understood facts. New insights are obtained which show how this analytical framework could be used to improve the MRF protocol.

physics.med-ph↗

arXiv2019

Model-based reconstruction of non-rigid 3D motion-fields from minimal $k$-space data: MR-MOTUS

Estimation of internal body motion with high spatio-temporal resolution can greatly benefit MR-guided radiotherapy/interventions and cardiac imaging, but remains a challenge to date. In image-based methods, where motion is indirectly estimated by reconstructing and co-registering images, a trade off between spatial and temporal resolution of the motion-fields has to be made due to the image reconstruction step. However, we observe that motion-fields are very compressible due to the spatial correlation of internal body motion. Therefore, reconstructing only motion-fields directly from surrogate signals or k-space data without the need for image reconstruction should require few data, and could eventually result in high spatio-temporal resolution motion-fields. In this work we introduce MR-MOTUS, a framework that makes exactly this possible. The two main innovations of this work are (1) a signal model that explicitly relates the k-space signal of a deforming object to general non-rigid motion-fields, and (2) model-based reconstruction of motion-fields directly from highly undersampled k-space data by solving the corresponding inverse problem. The signal model is derived by modeling a deforming object as a static reference object warped by dynamic motion-fields, such that the dynamic signal is given explicitly in terms of motion-fields. We validate the signal model through numerical experiments with an analytical phantom, and reconstruct motion-fields from retrospectively undersampled in-vivo data. Results show that the reconstruction quality is comparable to state-of-the-art image registration for undersampling factors as high as 63 for 3D non-rigid respiratory motion and as high as 474 for 3D rigid head motion.

physics.med-ph↗

arXiv2017

Dictionary-free MR Fingerprinting reconstruction of balanced-GRE sequences

Magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) can successfully recover quantitative multi-parametric maps of human tissue in a very short acquisition time. Due to their pseudo-random nature, the large spatial undersampling artifacts can be filtered out by an exhaustive search over a pre-computed dictionary of signal fingerprints. This reconstruction approach is robust to large data-model discrepancies and is easy to implement. The curse of dimensionality and the intrinsic rigidity of such a precomputed dictionary approach can however limit its practical applicability. In this work, a method is presented to reconstruct balanced gradient-echo (GRE) acquisitions with established iterative algorithms for nonlinear least-squares, thus bypassing the dictionary computation and the exhaustive search. The global convergence of the iterative approach is investigated by studying the transient dynamic response of balanced GRE sequences and its effect on the minimization landscape. Experimental design criteria are derived which enforce sensitivity to the parameters of interest and successful convergence. The method is validated on simulated and experimentally acquired MRI data. Keywords: MR Fingerprinting, quantitative MRI, Bloch equation, nonlinear least squares, sequence design.

physics.med-ph↗

arXiv2017

Fast quantitative MRI as a nonlinear tomography problem

Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is based on a two-steps approach: estimation of the magnetic moments distribution inside the body, followed by a voxel-by-voxel quantification of the human tissue properties. This splitting simplifies the computations but poses several constraints on the measurement process, limiting its efficiency. Here, we perform quantitative MRI as a one step process; signal localization and parameter quantification are simultaneously obtained by the solution of a large scale nonlinear inversion problem based on first-principles. As a consequence, the constraints on the measurement process can be relaxed and acquisition schemes that are time efficient and widely available in clinical MRI scanners can be employed. We show that the nonlinear tomography approach is applicable to MRI and returns human tissue maps from very short experiments. Keywords: MR-STAT, quantitative MRI, nonlinear tomography, MR Fingerprinting, large scale inversion.

physics.app-ph↗