Searcharxiv⌕ Search

arXiv subjects

Alessandro Torrielli

Publications and source records attributed to Alessandro Torrielli.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
arXiv2019

Geometry of Massless Scattering in Integrable Superstring

We consider the action of the $q$-deformed Poincaré superalgebra on the massless non-relativistic R-matrix in ordinary (undeformed) integrable $AdS_2 \times S^2 \times T^6$ type IIB superstring theory. The boost generator acts non-trivially on the R-matrix, confirming the existence of a non-relativistic rapidity $γ$ with respect to which the R-matrix must be of difference form. We conjecture that from a massless AdS/CFT integrable relativistic R-matrix one can obtain the parental massless non-relativistic R-matrix simply by replacing the relativistic rapidity with $γ$. We check our conjecture in ordinary (undeformed) $AdS_n \times S^n \times T^{10 - 2n}$, $n = 2, 3$. In the case $n=3$, we check that the matrix part and the dressing factor - up to numerical accuracy for real momenta - obey our prescription. In the $n=2$ case, we check the matrix part and propose the non-relativistic dressing factor. We then start a programme of classifying R-matrices in terms of connections on fibre bundles. The conditions obtained for the connection are tested on a set of known integrable R-matrices.

hep-th↗
arXiv2018

The low-energy limit of AdS$_3$/CFT$_2$ and its TBA

We investigate low-energy string excitations in AdS$_3\times$S$^3\times$T$^4$. When the worldsheet is decompactified, the theory has gapless modes whose spectrum at low energies is determined by massless relativistic integrable S matrices of the type introduced by Al. B. Zamolodchikov. The S matrices are non-trivial only for excitations with identical worldsheet chirality, indicating that the low-energy theory is a CFT$_2$. We construct a Thermodynamic Bethe Ansatz (TBA) for these excitations and show how the massless modes' wrapping effects may be incorporated into the AdS$_3$ spectral problem. Using the TBA and its associated Y-system, we determine the central charge of the low energy CFT$_2$ to be $c=6$ from calculating the vacuum energy for antiperiodic fermions - with the vacuum energy being zero for periodic fermions in agreement with a supersymmetric theory - and find the energies of some excited states.

hep-th↗
arXiv2018

$q$-Poincaré invariance of the $AdS_3/CFT_2$ $R$-matrix

We consider the exact $R$-matrix of $AdS_3/CFT_2$, which is the building block for describing the scattering of worldsheet excitations of the light-cone gauge-fixed backgrounds $AdS_3 \times S^3 \times T^4$ and $AdS_3 \times S^3 \times S^3 \times S^1$ with pure Ramond-Ramond fluxes. We show that $R$ is invariant under a "deformed boost" symmetry, for which we write an explicit exact coproduct, i.e. its action on 2-particle states. When we include the boost, the symmetries of the $R$-matrix close into a $q$-Poincaré superalgebra. Our findings suggest that the recently discovered boost invariance in $AdS_5/CFT_4$ may be a common feature of $AdS/CFT$ systems that are treatable with the exact techniques of integrability. With the aim of going towards a universal formulation of the underlying Hopf algebra, we also propose a universal form of the $AdS_3/CFT_2$ classical $r$-matrix.

hep-th↗
arXiv2018

$q$-Poincaré supersymmetry in $AdS_5/CFT_4$

We consider the exact S-matrix governing the planar spectral problem for strings on $AdS_5\times S^5$ and $\mathcal N=4$ super Yang-Mills, and we show that it is invariant under a novel "boost" symmetry, which acts as a differentiation with respect to the particle momentum. This generator leads us also to reinterpret the usual centrally extended $\mathfrak{psu}(2|2)$ symmetry, and to conclude that the S-matrix is invariant under a $q$-Poincaré supersymmetry algebra, where the deformation parameter is related to the 't Hooft coupling. We determine the two-particle action (coproduct) that turns out to be non-local, and study the property of the new symmetry under crossing transformations. We look at both the strong-coupling (large tension in the string theory) and weak-coupling (spin-chain description of the gauge theory) limits; in the former regime we calculate the cobracket utilising the universal classical r-matrix of Beisert and Spill. In the eventuality that the boost has higher partners, we also construct a quantum affine version of 2D Poincaré symmetry, by contraction of the quantum affine algebra $U_q(\widehat{\mathfrak{sl}_2})$ in Drinfeld's second realisation.

hep-th↗
arXiv2017

On $AdS_2/CFT_1$ transfer matrices, Bethe ansatz and scale invariance

We explicitly calculate the $AdS_2 \times S^2 \times T^6$ transfer-matrix eigenvalues in the massless sector using the exact integrable S-matrix, for up to 5 particles. This enables us to conjecture the general pattern. We use the conjectured form of the eigenvalues to write down a set of massless Bethe ansatz equations. The same procedure applies to the relativistic as well as to the non-relativistic situation. In the relativistic case, the right and left modes decouple. We speculate that the relativistic massless Bethe ansatz we obtain in that case might capture the integrable structure of an underlying 2D critical theory. We finally take advantage of some remarkable simplifications to make progress in the massive case as well.

hep-th↗
arXiv2017

Massless $AdS_2$ scattering and Bethe ansatz

We first analyse the integrable scattering theory describing the massless excitations of $AdS_2 \times S^2 \times T^6$ superstrings in the relativistic limit. The matrix part of the S-matrix is obtained in the BMN limit from the conjectured exact expression, and compared with known S-matrices with N=1 supersymmetry. A dressing factor, yet unknown for the complete theory, is here constructed based on relativistic crossing symmetry. We derive a Bethe-ansatz condition by employing a transfer-matrix technique based on the so-called free-fermion condition. This is known to overcome the problem of lack of a reference state. We then generalise the method to the massless non-relativistic case, and compare the resulting Bethe-ansatz condition with a simple massless limit of the one conjectured by Sorokin, Tseytlin, Wulff and Zarembo.

hep-th↗
arXiv2017

Protected string spectrum in AdS3/CFT2 from worldsheet integrability

We derive the protected closed-string spectra of AdS3/CFT2 dual pairs with 16 supercharges at arbitrary values of the string tension and of the three-form fluxes. These follow immediately from the all-loop Bethe equations for the spectra of the integrable worldsheet theories. Further, representing the underlying integrable systems as spin chains, we find that their dynamics involves length-changing interactions and that protected states correspond to gapless excitations above the Berenstein-Maldacena-Nastase vacuum. In the case of AdS3 x S3 x T4 the degeneracies of such operators precisely match those of the dual CFT2 and the supergravity spectrum. On the other hand, we find that for AdS3 x S3 x S3 x S1 there are fewer protected states than previous supergravity calculations had suggested. In particular, protected states have the same su(2) charge with respect to the two three-spheres.

hep-th↗
arXiv2016

AdS3/CFT2 and q-Poincare' superalgebras

We discover that a certain deformation of the 1+1 dimensional Poincare' superalgebra is exactly realised in the massless sector of the AdS3/CFT2 integrable scattering problem. Deformed Poincaré superalgebras were previously noticed to appear in the AdS5/CFT4 correspondence - which displays only massive excitations -, but they were there only a partial symmetry. We obtain a representation of the boost operator and its coproduct, and show that the comultiplication exactly satisfies the homomorphism property. We present a classical limit, and finally speculate on an analogy with the physics of phonons.

hep-th↗
arXiv2016

Massless sector of AdS_3 superstrings: a geometric interpretation

We study the recently discovered q-deformed Poincare' supersymmetry of the AdS_3/CFT_2 integrable massless scattering, and demonstrate how the S-matrix is invariant under boosts. The boost generator has a non-local coproduct, which acts on the scattering matrix as a differential operator, annihilating it. We propose to reinterpret the boost action in terms of covariant derivatives on bundles, and derive an expression for the S-matrix as the path-ordered exponential of a flat connection. We provide a list of possible alternative interpretations of this emergent geometric picture, including a one-dimensional auxiliary Schroedinger problem. We support our claims by performing a simplified algebraic Bethe ansatz, which bears some resemblance to antiferromagnets.

hep-th↗
arXiv2016

Lectures on Classical Integrability

We review some essential aspects of classically integrable systems. The detailed outline of the lectures consists of: 1. Introduction and motivation, with historical remarks; 2. Liouville theorem and action-angle variables, with examples (harmonic oscillator, Kepler problem); 3. Algebraic tools: Lax pairs, monodromy and transfer matrices, classical r-matrices and exchange relations, non-ultralocal Poisson brackets, with examples (non-linear Schroedinger model, principal chiral field); 4. Features of classical r-matrices: Belavin-Drinfeld theorems, analyticity properties, and lift of the classical structures to quantum groups; 5. Classical inverse scattering method to solve integrable differential equations: soliton solutions, spectral properties and the Gel'fand-Levitan-Marchenko equation, with examples (KdV equation, Sine-Gordon model). Prepared for the Durham Young Researchers Integrability School, organised by the GATIS network. This is part of a collection of lecture notes.

hep-th↗
arXiv2016

Quantisation of Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation

A quantisation of the KP equation on a cylinder is proposed that is equivalent to an infinite system of non-relativistic one-dimensional bosons carrying masses $m=1,2,\ldots$ The Hamiltonian is Galilei-invariant and includes the split $Ψ^\dagger_{m_1}Ψ^\dagger_{m_2}Ψ_{m_1+m_2}$ and merge $Ψ^\dagger_{m_1+m_2}Ψ_{m_1}Ψ_{m_2}$ terms for all combinations of particles with masses $m_1$, $m_2$ and $m_1+m_2$, with a special choice of coupling constants. The Bethe eigenfunctions for the model are constructed. The consistency of the coordinate Bethe Ansatz, and therefore, the quantum integrability of the model is verified up to the mass $M=8$ sector.

nlin.SI↗
arXiv2016

An Integrability Primer for the Gauge-Gravity Correspondence: an Introduction

We introduce a series of articles reviewing various aspects of integrable models relevant to the AdS/CFT correspondence. Topics covered in these reviews are: classical integrability, Yangian symmetry, factorized scattering, the Bethe ansatz, the thermodynamic Bethe ansatz, and integrable structures in (conformal) quantum field theory. In the present article we highlight how these concepts have found application in AdS/CFT, and provide a brief overview of the material contained in this series.

hep-th↗
arXiv2016

On the Dressing Factors, Bethe Equations and Yangian Symmetry of Strings on AdS3 x S3 x T4

Integrability is believed to underlie the AdS3/CFT2 correspondence with sixteen supercharges. We elucidate the role of massless modes within this integrable framework. Firstly, we find the dressing factors that enter the massless and mixed-mass worldsheet S matrix. Secondly, we derive a set of all-loop Bethe Equations for the closed strings, determine their symmetries and weak-coupling limit. Thirdly, we investigate the underlying Yangian symmetry in the massless sector and show that it fits into the general framework of Yangian integrability. In addition, we compare our S matrix in the near-relativistic limit with recent perturbative worldsheet calculations of Sundin and Wulff.

hep-th↗
arXiv2016

The S-matrix algebra of the AdS2 X S2 superstring

In this paper we find the Yangian algebra responsible for the integrability of the AdS2 X S2 X T^6 superstring in the planar limit. We demonstrate the symmetry of the corresponding exact S-matrix in the massive sector, including the presence of the secret symmetry. We give two alternative presentations of the Hopf algebra, along with related discussions on the issue of evaluation representations. We study the classical r-matrix, and re-discover the need for a secret symmetry also in this context. Finally, taking the simplifying zero-coupling limit of the S-matrix as a generating R-matrix for the Algebraic Bethe Ansatz, we obtain an effective model of free fermions on a periodic spin-chain. This limit should provide hints to the one-loop anomalous dimension of the mysterious superconformal quantum mechanics dual to the superstring theory in this geometry.

hep-th↗
arXiv2015

Integrable open spin-chains in AdS3/CFT2 correspondences

We study integrable open boundary conditions for d(2,1;α)^2 and psu(1,1|2)^2 spin-chains. Magnon excitations of these open spin-chains are mapped to massive excitations of type IIB open superstrings ending on D-branes in the AdS_3 x S^3 x S^3 x S^1 and AdS_3 x S^3 x T^4 supergravity geometries with pure R-R flux. We derive reflection matrix solutions of the boundary Yang-Baxter equation which intertwine representations of a variety of boundary coideal subalgebras of the bulk Hopf superalgebra. Many of these integrable boundaries are matched to D1- and D5-brane maximal giant gravitons.

hep-th↗
arXiv2014

The classical Yang-Baxter equation and the associated Yangian symmetry of gauged WZW-type theories

We construct the Lax-pair, the classical monodromy matrix and the corresponding solution of the Yang--Baxter equation, for a two-parameter deformation of the Principal chiral model for a simple group. This deformation includes as a one-parameter subset, a class of integrable gauged WZW-type theories interpolating between the WZW model and the non-Abelian T-dual of the principal chiral model. We derive in full detail the Yangian algebra using two independent methods: by computing the algebra of the non-local charges and alternatively through an expansion of the Maillet brackets for the monodromy matrix. As a byproduct, we also provide a detailed general proof of the Serre relations for the Yangian symmetry.

hep-th↗
arXiv2014

Integrable S-matrices, massive and massless modes and the AdS_2 x S^2 superstring

We derive the exact S-matrix for the scattering of particular representations of the centrally-extended psu(1|1)^2 Lie superalgebra, conjectured to be related to the massive modes of the light-cone gauge string theory on AdS_2 x S^2 x T^6. The S-matrix consists of two copies of a centrally-extended psu(1|1) invariant S-matrix and is in agreement with the tree-level result following from perturbation theory. Although the overall factor is left unfixed, the constraints following from crossing symmetry and unitarity are given. The scattering involves long representations of the symmetry algebra, and the relevant representation theory is studied in detail. We also discuss Yangian symmetry and find it has a standard form for a particular limit of the aforementioned representations. This has a natural interpretation as the massless limit, and we investigate the corresponding limits of the massive S-matrix. Under the assumption that the massless modes of the light-cone gauge string theory transform in these limiting representations, the resulting S-matrices would provide the building blocks for the full S-matrix. Finally, some brief comments are given on the Bethe ansatz.

hep-th↗