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Alexander V Turbiner

Publications and source records attributed to Alexander V Turbiner.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

Tremblay-Turbiner-Winternitz (TTW) system at integer index $k$: polynomial algebras of integrals

An infinite 3-parametric family of superintegrable and exactly-solvable quantum models on a plane, admitting separation of variables in polar coordinates, marked by integer index $k$ was introduced in Journ Phys A 42 (2009) 242001 and was called in literature the TTW system. In this paper it is conjectured that the Hamiltonian and both integrals of TTW system have hidden algebra $g^{(k)}$ - it was checked for $k=1,2,3,4$ - having its finite-dimensional representation spaces as the invariant subspaces. It is checked that for $k=1,2,3,4$ that the Hamiltonian $H$, two integrals ${\cal I}_{1,2}$ and their commutator ${\cal I}_{12} = [{\cal I}_1,{\cal I}_2]$ are four generating elements of the polynomial algebra of integrals of the order $(k+1)$: $[{\cal I}_1,{\cal I}_{12}] = P_{k+1}(H, {\cal I}_{1,2},{\cal I}_{12})$, $[{\cal I}_2,{\cal I}_{12}] = Q_{k+1}(H, {\cal I}_{1,2},{\cal I}_{12})$, where $P_{k+1},Q_{k+1}$ are polynomials of degree $(k+1)$ written in terms of ordered monomials of $H, {\cal I}_{1,2},{\cal I}_{12}$. This implies that polynomial algebra of integrals is subalgebra of $g^{(k)}$. It is conjectured that all is true for any integer $k$.

math-ph↗

Quantum two-dimensional superintegrable systems in flat space: exact-solvability, hidden algebra, polynomial algebra of integrals

In this short review paper the detailed analysis of six two-dimensional quantum {\it superintegrable} systems in flat space is presented. It includes the Smorodinsky-Winternitz potentials I-II (the Holt potential), the Fokas-Lagerstrom model, the 3-body Calogero and Wolfes (equivalently, $G_2$ rational, or $I_6$) models, and the Tremblay-Turbiner-Winternitz (TTW) system with integer index $k$. It is shown that all of them are exactly-solvable, thus, confirming the Montreal conjecture (2001); they admit algebraic forms for the Hamiltonian and both integrals (all three can be written as differential operators with polynomial coefficients without a constant term), they have polynomial eigenfunctions with the invariants of the discrete symmetry group of invariance taken as variables, they have hidden (Lie) algebraic structure $g^{(k)}$ with various $k$, and they possess a (finite order) polynomial algebras of integrals. Each model is characterized by infinitely-many finite-dimensional invariant subspaces, which form the infinite flag. Each subspace coincides with the finite-dimensional representation space of the algebra $g^{(k)}$ for a certain $k$. In all presented cases the algebra of integrals is a 4-generated $(H, I_1, I_2, I_{12}\equiv[I_1, I_2])$ infinite-dimensional algebra of ordered monomials of degrees 2,3,4,5, which is a subalgebra of the universal enveloping algebra of the hidden algebra.

math-ph↗

The ground electronic state of CS: the potential curve and associated Born-Oppenheimer rovibrational spectrum

Basics of the Born-Oppenheimer (B-O) approximation are reviewed. Assuming the domain of applicability of B-O approximation is limited to 4 significant digits (s.d.) in energy spectrum, where mass, relativistic and QED corrections do NOT contribute, it is shown that for carbon monosulfide ${\rm C}\,{\rm S}$ the potential curve $V(R)$ for the electronic ground state $X^1Σ^+$ can be constructed analytically in the form of two-point Pade approximant $\frac{1}{R}\ P(5,10)(R)$ in the whole range of internuclear distances $R \in [0,\infty)$. Pade approximant is fixed by taking into account the turning points with 4 s.d. accuracy, found by Coxon and Hajigeorgiou (2023), and asymptotics at small and large internuclear distances, By solving two-body radial nuclear Schrödinger equation with the potential $V(R)$ (with standard centrifugal potential included) in the Lagrange Mesh method, the whole B-O rovibrational spectrum for ${}^{12} {\rm C}\,{}^{32} {\rm S}$ diatomic molecule (taken as a particular example) is found: the $\sim 14562$ rovibrational energy states with angular momentum $L_{max}=289$ and vibrational quantum number $ν_{max} \sim 82$ with accuracy $\sim 10^{-4}$ hartree in energy. It is shown that the experimentally observed transition energies are reproduced within 3-5 s.d. Critical analysis of existing theoretical (phenomenological) results on the rovibrational spectrum is carried out and its comparison with present ones is made.

physics.atom-ph↗

SUSY Quantum Mechanics, (non)-Analyticity and $\ldots$ Phase Transitions

It is shown by analyzing the $1D$ Schrödinger equation that discontinuities in the coupling constant can occur in both the energies and the eigenfunctions. Surprisingly, those discontinuities, which are present in the energies {\it versus} the coupling constant, are of three types only: (i) discontinuous energies (similar to 1st order phase transitions), (ii) discontinuous first derivative in the energy while the energy is continuous (similar to 2nd order phase transitions), (iii) the energy and all its derivatives are continuous but the functions are different below and above the point of discontinuity (similar to infinite order phase transitions). Supersymmetric (SUSY) Quantum Mechanics provides a convenient framework to study this phenomenon.

math-ph↗

Two-body Coulomb problem and $g^{(2)}$ algebra (once again about the Hydrogen atom)

Taking the Hydrogen atom as an example it is shown that if the symmetry of a three-dimensional system is $O(2) \oplus Z_2$, the variables $(r, ρ, φ)$ allow a separation of the variable $φ$, and the eigenfunctions define a new family of orthogonal polynomials in two variables, $(r, ρ^2)$. These polynomials are related to the finite-dimensional representations of the algebra $gl(2) \ltimes {\it R}^3 \in g^{(2)}$ (discovered by S Lie around 1880 which went almost unnoticed), which occurs as the hidden algebra of the $G_2$ rational integrable system of 3 bodies on the line with 2- and 3-body interactions (the Wolfes model). Namely, those polynomials occur intrinsically in the study of the Zeeman effect on Hydrogen atom. It is shown that in the variables $(r, ρ, φ)$ in the quasi-exactly-solvable, generalized Coulomb problem new polynomial eigenfunctions in $(r, ρ^2)$-variables are found.

quant-ph↗

Classical $n$-body system in volume variables. II. Four-body case

It is evident that the positions of 4 bodies in $d>2$ dimensional space can be identified with vertices of a tetrahedron. Square of volume of the tetrahedron, weighted sum of squared areas of four facets and weighted sum of squared edges are called the volume variables. A family of translation-invariant potentials which depend on volume variables alone is considered as well as solutions of the Newton equations which solely depend on volume variables. For the case of zero angular momentum $L=0$ the corresponding Hamiltonian, which describes these solutions, is derived. Three examples are studied in detail: (I) the (super)integrable 4-body closed chain of harmonic oscillators for $d>2$ (the harmonic molecule), (II) a generic, two volume variable dependent potential whose trajectories possess a constant moment of inertia ($d>1$), and (III) the 4-body anharmonic oscillator for $d \geq 1$. This work is the second of the sequel: the first one [IJMPA 36, No. 18 (2021)] was dedicated to study the 3-body classical problem in volume variables.

physics.class-ph↗

ClF diatomic molecule: rovibrational spectra

Following the first principles the analytic Born-Oppenheimer (BO) potential curve for the ground state $X^1Σ^+$ of the molecule ClF is proposed for whole range of internuclear distances $R \in [0,\infty)$. It is based on matching the perturbation theory at small internuclear distances $R$ and multipole expansion at large distances $R$, it has the form of two-point Pade approximant and provides 3-4 figures in rovibrational energies. It supports 5719 rovibrational states with maximal vibrational number $ν_{max} = 47$ and maximal angular momentum $L_{max} = 210$ including 36 weakly-bound states close to threshold (to dissociation limit) with the energies $\lesssim 10^{-4}$ Hartree. The van der Waals constant $C^{(ClF)}_6\ \sim\ 29.3$ a.u. is predicted.

physics.chem-ph↗

Classical $n$-body system in geometrical and volume variables. I. Three-body case

We consider the classical 3-body system with $d$ degrees of freedom $(d>1)$ at zero total angular momentum. The study is restricted to potentials $V$ that depend solely on relative (mutual) distances $r_{ij}=\mid {\bf r}_i - {\bf r}_j\mid$ between bodies. Following the proposal by J. L. Lagrange, in the center-of-mass frame we introduce the relative distances (complemented by angles) as generalized coordinates and show that the kinetic energy does not depend on $d$, confirming results by Murnaghan (1936) at $d=2$ and van Kampen-Wintner (1937) at $d=3$, where it corresponds to a 3D solid body. Realizing $\mathbb{Z}_2$-symmetry $(r_{ij} \rightarrow -r_{ij})$ we introduce new variables $ρ_{ij}=r_{ij}^2$, which allows us to make the tensor of inertia non-singular for binary collisions. In these variables the kinetic energy is a polynomial function in the $ρ$-phase space. The 3 body positions form a triangle (of interaction) and the kinetic energy is $\mathcal{S}_3$-permutationally invariant wrt interchange of body positions and masses (as well as wrt interchange of edges of the triangle and masses). For equal masses, we use lowest order symmetric polynomial invariants of $\mathbb{Z}_2^{\otimes3} \oplus \mathcal{S}_3$ to define new generalized coordinates, they are called the {\it geometrical variables}. Two of them of the lowest order (sum of squares of sides of triangle and square of the area) are called {\it volume variables}. We study three examples in some detail: (I) 3-body Newton gravity in $d=3$, (II) 3-body choreography in $d=2$ on the algebraic lemniscate by Fujiwara et al where the problem becomes one-dimensional in the geometrical variables, and (III) the (an)harmonic oscillator.

math-ph↗

Anharmonic oscillator: a solution

It is shown that for the one-dimensional quantum anharmonic oscillator with potential $V(x)= x^2+g^2 x^4$ the Perturbation Theory (PT) in powers of $g^2$ (weak coupling regime) and the semiclassical expansion in powers of $\hbar$ for energies coincide. It is related to the fact that the dynamics in $x$-space and in $(gx)$-space corresponds to the same energy spectrum with effective coupling constant $\hbar g^2$. Two equations, which govern the dynamics in those two spaces, the Riccati-Bloch (RB) and the Generalized Bloch (GB) equations, respectively, are derived. The PT in $g^2$ for the logarithmic derivative of wave function leads to PT (with polynomial in $x$ coefficients) for the RB equation and to the true semiclassical expansion in powers of $\hbar$ for the GB equation, which corresponds to a loop expansion for the density matrix in the path integral formalism. A 2-parametric interpolation of these two expansions leads to a uniform approximation of the wavefunction in $x$-space with unprecedented accuracy $\sim 10^{-6}$ locally and unprecedented accuracy $\sim 10^{-9}-10^{-10}$ in energy for any $g^2 \geq 0$. A generalization to the radial quartic oscillator is briefly discussed.

quant-ph↗

Poly-analytic functions AND representation theory

We propose the Lie-algebraic interpretation of poly-analytic functions in $L_2(\C,dμ)$, with the Gaussian measure $dμ$, based on a flag structure formed by the representation spaces of the $\mathfrak{sl}(2)$-algebra realized by differential operators in $z$ and $\bar z$. Following the pattern of the one-dimensional situation, we define poly-Fock spaces in $d$ complex variables in a Lie-algebraic way, as the invariant spaces for the action of generators of a certain Lie algebra. In addition to the basic case of the algebra $\mathfrak{sl}(d+1)$, we consider also the family of algebras $\mathfrak{sl}(m_1+1) \otimes \ldots \otimes \mathfrak{sl}(m_n+1)$ for tuples $\mathbf{m} = (m_1,m_2,\ldots,m_n)$ of positive integers whose sum is equal to $d$.

math.CV↗

From two-dimensional (super-integrable) quantum dynamics to (super-integrable) three-body dynamics

It is shown that planar quantum dynamics can be related to 3-body quantum dynamics in the space of relative motion with a special class of potentials. As an important special case the $O(d)$ symmetry reduction from $d$ degrees of freedom to one degree is presented. A link between two-dimensional (super-integrable) systems and 3-body (super-integrable) systems is revealed. As illustration we present number of examples. We demonstrate that the celebrated Calogero-Wolfes 3-body potential has a unique property: two-dimensional quantum dynamics coincides with 3-body quantum dynamics on the line at $d=1$; it is governed by the Tremblay-Turbiner-Winternitz potential for parameter $k=3$.

math-ph↗

Particular superintegrability of 3-body (modified) Newtonian Gravity

It is found explicitly 5 Liouville integrals in addition to total angular momentum which Poisson commute with Hamiltonian of 3-body Newtonian Gravity in ${\mathbb R}^3$ along the Remarkable Figure-8-shape trajectory discovered by Moore-Chenciner-Montgomery. It is shown they become constants of motion along this trajectory. Hence, 3-body choreographic motion on Figure-8-shape trajectory in ${\mathbb R}^3$ Newtonian gravity (Moore, 1993), as well as in ${\mathbb R}^2$ modified Newtonian gravity by Fujiwara et al, 2003, is maximally superintegrable. It is conjectured that any 3-body potential theory which admit Figure-8-shape choreographic motion is superintegrable along the trajectory.

physics.class-ph↗

Three-body closed chain of interactive (an)harmonic oscillators and the algebra $sl(4)$

In this work we study 2- and 3-body oscillators with quadratic and sextic pairwise potentials which depend on relative distances, $|{\bf r}_i - {\bf r}_j |$, between particles. The two-body harmonic oscillator is two-parametric and can be reduced to a one-dimensional radial Jacobi oscillator, while in the 3-body case such a reduction is not possible in general. Our study is restricted to solutions in the space of relative motion which are functions of mutual (relative) distances only ($S$-states). We pay special attention to the cases where the masses of the particles and spring constants are unequal as well as to the atomic, where one mass is infinite, and molecular, where two masses are infinite, limits. In general, three-body harmonic oscillator is 7-parametric depending on 3 masses and 3 spring constants, and frequency. In particular, the first and second order integrals of the 3-body oscillator for unequal masses are searched: it is shown that for certain relations involving masses and spring constants the system becomes maximally (minimally) superintegrable in the case of two (one) relations.

math-ph↗

Trans-series for the ground state density and Generalized Bloch equation

Based on Generalized Bloch equation the trans-series expansion for the phase (exponent) of the ground state density for double-well potential is constructed. It is shown that the leading and next-to-leading semiclassical terms are still defined by the flucton trajectory (its classical action) and quadratic fluctuations (the determinant), respectively, while the the next-to-next-to-leading correction (at large distances) is of non-perturbative nature. It comes from the fact that all flucton plus multi-instanton, instanton-anti-instanton classical trajectories lead to the same classical action behavior at large distances! This correction is proportional to sum of all leading instanton contributions to energy gap.

hep-th↗

Three-body problem in $d$-dimensional space: ground state, (quasi)-exact-solvability

As a straightforward generalization and extension of our previous paper, J. Phys. A50 (2017) 215201 we study aspects of the quantum and classical dynamics of a $3$-body system with equal masses, each body with $d$ degrees of freedom, with interaction depending only on mutual (relative) distances. The study is restricted to solutions in the space of relative motion which are functions of mutual (relative) distances only. It is shown that the ground state (and some other states) in the quantum case and the planar trajectories (which are in the interaction plane) in the classical case are of this type. It corresponds to a three-dimensional quantum particle moving in a curved space with special $d$-dimension-independent metric in a certain $d$-dependent singular potential, while at $d=1$ it elegantly degenerates to a two-dimensional particle moving in flat space. It admits a description in terms of pure geometrical characteristics of the interaction triangle which is defined by the three relative distances. The kinetic energy of the system is $d$-independent, it has a hidden $sl(4,R)$ Lie (Poisson) algebra structure, alternatively, the hidden algebra $h^{(3)}$ typical for the $H_3$ Calogero model as in the $d=3$ case. We find an exactly-solvable three-body $S^3$-permutationally invariant, generalized harmonic oscillator-type potential as well as a quasi-exactly-solvable three-body sextic polynomial type potential with singular terms. For both models an extra first order integral exists. It is shown that a straightforward generalization of the 3-body (rational) Calogero model to $d>1$ leads to two primitive quasi-exactly-solvable problems. The extension to the case of non-equal masses is straightforward and is briefly discussed.

math-ph↗

Three-body problem in 3D space: ground state, (quasi)-exact-solvability

We study aspects of the quantum and classical dynamics of a $3$-body system in 3D space with interaction depending only on mutual distances. The study is restricted to solutions in the space of relative motion which are functions of mutual distances only. It is shown that the ground state (and some other states) in the quantum case and the planar trajectories in the classical case are of this type. The quantum (and classical) system for which these states are eigenstates is found and its Hamiltonian is constructed. It corresponds to a three-dimensional quantum particle moving in a curved space with special metric. The kinetic energy of the system has a hidden $sl(4,R)$ Lie (Poisson) algebra structure, alternatively, the hidden algebra $h^{(3)}$ typical for the $H_3$ Calogero model. We find an exactly solvable three-body generalized harmonic oscillator-type potential as well as a quasi-exactly-solvable three-body sextic polynomial type potential; both models have an extra integral.

math-ph↗

One-Dimensional Quasi-Exactly Solvable Schrödinger Equations

Quasi-Exactly Solvable Schrödinger Equations occupy an intermediate place between exactly-solvable (e.g. the harmonic oscillator and Coulomb problems etc) and non-solvable ones. Their major property is an explicit knowledge of several eigenstates while the remaining ones are unknown. Many of these problems are of the anharmonic oscillator type with a special type of anharmonicity. The Hamiltonians of quasi-exactly-solvable problems are characterized by the existence of a hidden algebraic structure but do not have any hidden symmetry properties. In particular, all known one-dimensional (quasi)-exactly-solvable problems possess a hidden $\mathfrak{sl}(2,\bf{R})-$ Lie algebra. They are equivalent to the $\mathfrak{sl}(2,\bf{R})$ Euler-Arnold quantum top in a constant magnetic field. Quasi-Exactly Solvable problems are highly non-trivial, they shed light on delicate analytic properties of the Schrödinger Equations in coupling constant. The Lie-algebraic formalism allows us to make a link between the Schrödinger Equations and finite-difference equations on uniform and/or exponential lattices, it implies that the spectra is preserved. This link takes the form of quantum canonical transformation. The corresponding isospectral spectral problems for finite-difference operators are described. The underlying Fock space formalism giving rise to this correspondence is uncovered. For a quite general class of perturbations of unperturbed problems with the hidden Lie algebra property we can construct an algebraic perturbation theory, where the wavefunction corrections are of polynomial nature, thus, can be found by algebraic means.

quant-ph↗

Particle in a field of two centers in prolate spheroidal coordinates: integrability and solvability

We analyze one particle, two-center quantum problems which admit separation of variables in prolate spheroidal coordinates, a natural restriction satisfied by the H$_2^+$ molecular ion. The symmetry operator is constructed explicitly. We give the details of the Hamiltonian reduction of the 3D system to a 2D system with modified potential that is separable in elliptic coordinates. The potentials for which there is double-periodicity of the Schrödinger operator in the space of prolate spheroidal coordinates, including one for the H$_2^+$ molecular ion, are indicated. We study possible potentials that admit exact-solvability is as well as all models known to us with the (quasi)-exact-solvability property for the separation equations. We find deep connections between second-order superintegrable and conformally superintegrable systems and these tractable problems. In particular we derive a general 4-parameter expression for a model potential that is always integrable and is conformally superintegrable for some parameter choices.

math-ph↗