arXiv subjects

Alexander V. Balatsky

Publications and source records attributed to Alexander V. Balatsky.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources

arXiv2015

Proximity-induced magnetism in transition-metal substituted graphene

We investigate the interactions between two identical magnetic impurities substituted into a graphene superlattice. Using a first-principles approach, we calculate the electronic and magnetic properties for transition-metal substituted graphene systems with varying spatial separation. These calculations are compared for three different magnetic impurities, manganese, chromium, and vanadium. We determine the electronic band structure, density of states, and Millikan populations (magnetic moment) for each atom, as well as calculate the exchange parameter between the two magnetic atoms as a function of spatial separation. We find that the presence of magnetic impurities establishes a distinct magnetic moment in the graphene lattice, where the interactions are highly dependent on the spatial and magnetic characteristic between the magnetic atoms and the carbon atoms, which leads to either ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic behavior. Furthermore, through an analysis of the calculated exchange energies and partial density of states, it is determined that interactions between the magnetic atoms can be classified as an RKKY interaction.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv2015

Computational investigation of the electronic and optical properties of planar Ga-doped Graphene

We simulate the optical and electrical responses in gallium-doped graphene. Using density functional theory with a local density approximation, we simlutate the electronic band structure and show the effects of impurity doping (0-3.91\%) in graphene on the electron density, refractive index, optical conductivity, and extinction coefficient for each doping percentages. Here, gallium atoms are placed randomly (using a 5-point average) throughout a 128-atom sheet of graphene. These calculations demonstrate the effects of hole doping due to direct atomic substitution, where it is found that a disruption in the electronic structure and electron density for small doping levels is due to impurity scattering of the electrons. However, the system continues to produce metallic or semi-metallic behavior with increasing doping levels. These calculations are compared to a purely theoretical 100\% Ga sheet for comparison of conductivity. Furthermore, we examine the change in the electronic band structure, where the introduction of gallium electronic bands produces a shift in the electron bands and dissolves the characteristic Dirac cone within graphene, which leads to better electron mobility.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv2015

Odd Frequency Density Waves

A new type of hidden order in many body systems is explored. This order appears in states which are analogues to charge density waves, or spin density waves, but involve anomalous particle-hole correlations that are odd in relative time and frequency. These states are shown to be inherently different from the usual states of density waves. We discuss two methods to experimentally observe the new type of pairing where a clear distinction between odd and even correlations can be detected: (i) by measuring the density-density correlation, both in time and space and (ii) via the conductivity which, according to the Kubo formula, is given by the current-current correlation. An order parameter for these states is defined and calculated for a simple model, illuminating the physical nature of this order.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2014

Topological Solitons in Helical Strings

The low-energy physics of (quasi)degenerate one-dimensional systems is typically understood as the particle-like dynamics of kinks between stable, ordered structures. Such dynamics, we show, becomes highly non-trivial when the ground states are topologically constrained: a dynamics of the domains rather than on the domains which the kinks separate. Motivated by recently reported observations of charged polymers physisorbed on nanotubes, we study kinks between helical structures of a string wrapping around a cylinder. While their motion cannot be disentangled from domain dynamics, and energy and momentum is not concentrated in the solitons, the dynamics of the domains can be folded back into a one-particle picture.

cond-mat.soft↗

arXiv2014

Upper critical field as a probe for multiband superconductivity in bulk and interfacial STO

We investigate the temperature dependence of the upper critical field $H_{c 2} $ as a tool to probe the possible presence of multiband superconductivity at the interface of LAO/STO. The behaviour of $H_{c 2} $ can clearly indicate two-band superconductivity through its nontrivial temperature dependence. For the disorder scattering dominated two-dimensional LAO/STO interface we find a characteristic non-monotonic curvature of the $H_{c 2} (T) $. We also analyse the $H_{c 2} $ for multiband bulk STO and find similar behaviour.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2014

Negative-U Superconductivity on the Surface of Topological Insulators

We study the effects of a finite density of negative-$U$ centers (NUCs) on the surface of a three-dimensional topological insulator. The surface Dirac fermions mediate a power-law interaction among the local Cooper pairs at the NUCs, and the interaction remains long-ranged for weak disorder. Superconductivity can be generated in the presence of a random distribution of NUCs. The NUCs play dual roles as both pair creator and pair breaker, and the competition of the two effects results in non-monotonic dependence of the mean field superconducting transition temperature on the density of NUCs. Global phase coherence is established through coupling the locally superconducting puddles via Josephson coupling. Rare fluctuations play important roles, and a globally superconducting phase can only be achieved at large enough concentration of NUCs. The p-wave component of the superconducting order parameter gives rise to frustration among the superconducting grains, which is captured by a Potts-XY type model. New phases with chiral order, glass order, and possibly topological order can then emerge in the system of superconducting grains.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2014

Cross-correlation asymmetries and causal relationships between stock and market risk

We study historical correlations and lead-lag relationships between individual stock risk (volatility of daily stock returns) and market risk (volatility of daily returns of a market-representative portfolio) in the US stock market. We consider the cross-correlation functions averaged over all stocks, using 71 stock prices from the Standard \& Poor's 500 index for 1994--2013. We focus on the behavior of the cross-correlations at the times of financial crises with significant jumps of market volatility. The observed historical dynamics showed that the dependence between the risks was almost linear during the US stock market downturn of 2002 and after the US housing bubble in 2007, remaining on that level until 2013. Moreover, the averaged cross-correlation function often had an asymmetric shape with respect to zero lag in the periods of high correlation. We develop the analysis by the application of the linear response formalism to study underlying causal relations. The calculated response functions suggest the presence of characteristic regimes near financial crashes, when the volatility of an individual stock follows the market volatility and vice versa.

q-fin.ST↗

arXiv2014

Next Generation Epigenetic Detection Technique:Identifying Methylated DNA using Graphene Nanopore

DNA methylation plays a pivotal role in the genetic evolution of both embryonic and adult cells. For adult somatic cells, location and dynamics of methylation has been very precisely pinned down with the 5-cytosine markers on cytosinephosphate- guanine (CpG) units. Unusual methylation on CpG islands are identified as one of the prime causes for silencing the tumor suppressant genes. Early detection of such methylation can diagnose the potentially harmful oncogenic evolution of cells, and provide a promising guideline for cancer prevention. With this motivation, we propose a cytosine methylation detection technique.Our hypothesis is that electronic signatures of DNA acquired as a molecule translocates through a nanopore, would be significantly different for methylated and non-methylated bases. This difference in electronic fingerprints would allow for reliable real-time differentiations of methylated DNA. We calculate transport currents through a punctured graphene membrane while the cytosine and methylated cytosine translocate through the nanopore. We also calculate the transport properties for uracil and cyanocytosine for comparison. Our calculations of transmission, current, and tunneling conductance show distinct signatures in their spectrum for each molecular type. Thus, in this work, we provide a theoretical analysis that points to a viability of our hypothesis.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2014

Odd-frequency superconducting pairing in multi-band superconductors

We point out that essentially all multi-band superconductors have an odd-frequency pairing component, as follows from a general symmetry analysis of even- and odd-frequency pairing states. We show that odd-frequency superconducting pairing requires only a finite band hybridization, or scattering, and non-identical intraband order parameters, of which only one band needs to be superconducting. Under these conditions odd-frequency odd-interband pairing is always present. From a symmetry analysis we establish a complete reciprocity between parity in band-index and frequency.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2014

The role of spin-orbit coupling in topologically protected interface states in Dirac materials

We highlight the fact that two-dimensional materials with Dirac-like low energy band structures and spin-orbit coupling will produce linearly dispersing topologically protected Jackiw-Rebbi modes at interfaces where the Dirac mass changes sign. These modes may support persistent spin or valley currents parallel to the interface, and the exact arrangement of such topologically protected currents depends crucially on the details of the spin-orbit coupling in the material. As examples, we discuss buckled two-dimensional hexagonal lattices such as silicene or germanene, and transition metal dichalcogenides such as MoS$_2$.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2014

Effect of a spin-active interface on proximity-induced superconductivity in topological insulators

We examine the effect of a spin-active interface on the symmetry of proximity-induced superconducting pairing amplitudes in topological insulators. We develop a model to investigate the leading order contribution to the pairing amplitude considering 3 different kinds of spin-active interfaces: 1) those that induce spin-dependent scattering phases, 2) those that flip the spin of incident electrons, and 3) interfaces that both induce spin-dependent phases and flip the spins of incident electrons. We find that in cases (1) and (3) odd-frequency triplet pairing is induced in the TI while for case (2) no odd-frequency pairing is induced to leading order. We compare our results to those for normal metals and ferromagnetic materials finding that the nontrivial spin structure of the TI leads to qualitatively different behavior.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2013

Impurity scattering in Weyl Semimetals and their stability classification

Weyl Semimetals (WS) are a new class of Dirac-type materials exhibiting a phase with bulk energy nodes and an associated vanishing density of states (DOS). We investigate the stability of this nodal DOS suppression in the presence of local impurities and consider whether or not such a suppression can be lifted by impurity-induced resonances. We find that while a scalar (chemical potential type) impurity can always induce a resonance at arbitrary energy and hence lift the DOS suppression at Dirac/Weyl nodes, for many other impurity types (e.g. magnetic or orbital-mixing), resonances are forbidden in a wide range of energy. We investigate a $4$-band tight-binding model of WS adapted from a physical heterostructure construction due to Burkov, Hook, and Balents, and represent a local impurity potential by a strength $g$ as well as a matrix structure $Λ$. A general framework is developed to analyze this resonance dichotomy and make connection with the phase shift picture in scattering theory, as well as to determine the relation between resonance energy and impurity strength $g$. A complete classification of impurities based on $Λ$, based on their effect on nodal DOS suppression, is tabulated. We also discuss the differences between continuum and lattice approaches.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2013

Impurity-induced states on the surface of 3D topological insulators

We calculate the modification of the local electronic structure caused by a local impurity on the surface of a 3D Topological Insulator. We find that the LDOS around the Dirac point of the electronic spectrum at the surface is significantly disrupted near the impurity by the creation of low-energy resonance state(s) -- however, this is not sufficient to (locally) destroy the Dirac point. We also calculate the non-trivial spin textures created near the magnetic impurities and discover anisotropic RKKY coupling between them.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv2013

Correlation Dynamics and Enhanced Signals for Serial DNA Sequencing

Nanopore based sequencing has demonstrated significant potential for the development of fast, accurate, and cost-efficient fingerprinting techniques for next generation molecular detection and sequencing. We propose a specific multi-layered graphene-based nanopore device architecture for the recognition of single DNA bases. Molecular detection and analysis can be accomplished through the detection of transverse currents as the molecule or DNA base translocates through the nanopore. To increase the overall signal-to-noise ratio and the accuracy, we implement a new "multi-point cross-correlation" technique for identification of DNA bases or other molecules on the molecular level. We demonstrate that the cross-correlations between each nanopore will greatly enhance the transverse current signal for each molecule. We implement first-principles transport calculations for DNA bases surveyed across a multi-layered graphene nanopore system to illustrate the advantages of proposed geometry. A time-series analysis of the cross-correlation functions illustrates the potential of this method for enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio. This work constitutes a significant step forward in facilitating fingerprinting of single biomolecules using solid state technology.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2013

Plastic response by dislocation glide in solid helium under dc strain rate loading

We develop a model for the gliding of dislocations and plasticity in solid He-4. This model takes into account the Peierls barrier, multiplication and interaction of dislocations, as well as classical thermally and mechanically activated processes leading to dislocation glide. We specifically examine the dc stress-strain curve and how it is affected by temperature, strain rate, and dislocation density. As a function of temperature and shear strain, we observe plastic deformation and discuss how this may be related to the experimental observation of elastic anomalies in solid hcp He-4 that have been discussed in connection with the possibility of supersolidity or giant plasticity. Our theory gives several predictions for the dc stress strain curves, for example, the yield point and the change in the work-hardening rate and plastic dissipation peak, that can be compared directly to constant strain rate experiments and thus provide bounds on model parameters.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv2013

Proximity-induced unconventional superconductivity in topological insulators

We study and classify the proximity-induced superconducting pairing in a topological insulator (TI)-superconductor (SC) hybrid structure for SCs with different symmetries. The Dirac surface state gives a coupling between spin-singlet and spin-triplet pairing amplitudes as well as pairing that is odd in frequency for p-wave SCs. We also find that all SCs induce pairing that is odd in both frequency and orbital (band) index, with oddness in frequency and orbital index being completely interchangeable. The different induced pairing amplitudes significantly modifies the density of states in the TI surface layer.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2013

Reconstruction of Tip-Surface Interactions with Multimodal Intermodulation Atomic Force Microscopy

We propose a theoretical framework for reconstructing tip-surface interactions using the intermodulation technique when more than one eigenmode is required to describe the cantilever motion. Two particular cases of bimodal motion are studied numerically: one bending and one torsional mode, and two bending modes. We demonstrate the possibility of accurate reconstruction of a two-dimensional conservative force field for the former case, while dissipative forces are studied for the latter.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2013

A dynamical relation between dual finite temperature classical and zero temperature quantum systems: quantum critical jamming and quantum dynamical heterogeneities

Many electronic systems exhibit striking features in their dynamical response over a prominent range of experimental parameters. While there are empirical suggestions of particular increasing length scales that accompany such transitions, this identification is not universal. To better understand such behavior in quantum systems, we extend a known mapping (earlier studied in stochastic, or supersymmetric, quantum mechanics) between finite temperature classical Fokker-Planck systems and related quantum systems at zero temperature to include general non-equilibrium dynamics. Unlike Feynman mappings or stochastic quantization methods (or holographic type dualities), the classical systems that we consider and their quantum duals reside in the same number of space-time dimensions. The upshot of our exact result is that a Wick rotation relates (i) dynamics in general finite temperature classical dissipative systems to (ii) zero temperature dynamics in the corresponding dual many-body quantum systems. Using this correspondence, we illustrate that, even in the absence of imposed disorder, many continuum quantum fluid systems (and possible lattice counterparts) may exhibit a zero-point "quantum dynamical heterogeneity" wherein the dynamics, at a given instant, is spatially non-uniform. While the static length scales accompanying this phenomenon do not exhibit a clear divergence in standard correlation functions, the length scale of the dynamical heterogeneities can increase dramatically. We study "quantum jamming" and illustrate how a hard core bosonic system may undergo a zero temperature quantum critical metal-to-insulator-type transition with an extremely large effective dynamical exponent z>4 consistent with length scales that increase far more slowly than the relaxation time as a putative critical transition is approached. We suggest ways to analyze experimental data.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗