arXiv subjects

Alexander V. Kochin

Publications and source records attributed to Alexander V. Kochin.

6 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2024

Verifying The Radiosonde Humidity Sensor Performance

Monitoring the performance of humidity sensors has become particularly relevant due to the lack of in-house production of humidity sensors in the Russian Federation and the logistical problems that have arisen. Humidity is subject to high spatial variability, therefore, standard methods for monitoring data quality based on the difference with the field of the first approximation are not applicable for its control. It is proposed to carry out monitoring by comparing readings on the surface and at altitude with a pressure of 850 hPa, where humidity is less than 60% in the absence of low clouds, and more than 70% in its presence. The fact of the presence/absence of low clouds is determined by the readings of a vertically oriented pyrometer. The difference between the air temperature at the surface and the temperature from the pyrometer of more than 14°K corresponds to the absence of low clouds, and less than 14°K corresponds to the presence of low clouds. Accordingly, a serviceable humidity sensor should show the appropriate values.

physics.ao-ph↗

arXiv2024

The influence of orography and the direction of prevailing winds on precipitation distributions

The general circulation of the atmosphere (GCA) carries out a constant and unidirectional transfer of air masses, therefore its influence is manifested in the distribution of precipitation around the globe due to the occurrence of rain shadow behind mountain barriers. Over the territory of Russia, GCA manifests itself in the form of westerly winds, which cause a decrease in precipitation on the leeward side of the Ural Mountains and the Central Siberian Plateau. The contribution of the orographic component to the spatial variability of precipitation on average reaches 50-60% of the monthly precipitation amounts. Forecasting the magnitude of the orographic effect is close to predicting the transfer rates in GCA, the measurement of which has not yet been satisfactorily provided. A possible promising way to solve the problem is to develop special algorithms similar to those used for detecting Madden-Julian oscillations.

physics.ao-ph↗

arXiv2023

Tropopause occurs due to the general circulation of the atmosphere

The general circulation of the atmosphere determines the long-term variability of weather processes. This circulation is driven by the temperature differences between the poles and the equator, causing air to move along the Earth's surface. However, this requires enhanced pressure at the poles, which is not observed. To sustain the circulation, an additional non-hydrostatic pressure gradient is required. Here I propose the emergence of an additional non-hydrostatic pressure gradient resulting from the centrifugal force generated by the Earth's rotation. This centrifugal force creates a non-hydrostatic vertical pressure gradient, which is essential for the closed circulation of unequally heated air in the meridional direction. The circulation is composed of three distinct streams flowing in opposite directions, with the polar and tropical tropopause acting as boundaries. The temperature in the atmosphere decreases from the surface to the polar tropopause and remains constant above it.

physics.ao-ph↗

arXiv2023

Earth's Rotation Causes Global Atmospheric Circulation

Understanding processes that determine the global circulation of the atmosphere is necessary for long-term weather forecasting and climate studies which are critical for ensuring energy security. Processes in the atmosphere depend on many factors including the rotation of the Earth. The vertical component of the emerging centripetal acceleration is taken into account by introducing a geopotential height, and the influence of the horizontal component is usually not taken into account, although these components are close in magnitude. Here, I describe a mechanism of circulation formation due to a non-hydrostatic pressure gradient resulting from centripetal acceleration, which is created by the rotation of the Earth. The effect is similar to the curvature of a water surface in a rotating vessel. This causes the unevenly heated air to move in a meridional direction. The circulation consists of three oppositely directed flows separated vertically by the polar and tropical tropopause.

physics.ao-ph↗

arXiv2023

Earth's rotation forms the general circulation of the atmosphere

The general circulation of the atmosphere determines the long-term variability of weather processes. This circulation is driven by the temperature differences between the poles and the equator, causing air to move along the Earth's surface. However, this requires enhanced pressure at the poles, which is not observed. To sustain the circulation, an additional non-hydrostatic pressure gradient is required. In my research, I propose the emergence of an additional non-hydrostatic pressure gradient resulting from the centrifugal force generated by the Earth's rotation. This centrifugal force creates a non-hydrostatic vertical pressure gradient, which is essential for the closed circulation of unequally heated air in the meridional direction. The circulation is composed of three distinct streams flowing in opposite directions, with the polar and tropical tropopause acting as boundaries. The temperature in the atmosphere decreases from the surface to the polar tropopause and remains constant above it.

physics.ao-ph↗

arXiv2003

New approach to deriving gas dynamics equations

We derive the gas dynamics equations considering changes of velocity distribution function on the scale of a molecule free path. We define the molecule velocity distribution function in a specific form so that only molecule velocities after intermolecular collisions in a chosen fixed volume are taken into account. The obtained equations differ from the well-known Navier-Stoks equations and contain the new terms. The continuity equation includes the second derivatives of dynamical viscosity. The equation of momentum conservation does not include the volume viscosity and the equation of energy conservation describes the transformation of gas mass velocity into the gas thermal energy. One can expect that these new equations of motion allow to construct a description of macroscopic physical phenomena in more complicated situations than the standard gas dynamics equations do.

physics.gen-ph↗