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Alexander Wallace

Publications and source records attributed to Alexander Wallace.

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HD 38973 b -- a cold Saturn orbiting a Sun-like star

We report the detection of a long-period companion to the nearby solar-type star HD\,38973 using precision radial-velocity measurements. The radial-velocity data reveal a coherent Keplerian signal with a period of $\sim$3000~days and moderate eccentricity, yielding a minimum mass in the sub-Jovian regime. We complement the radial-velocity analysis with astrometric constraints from the \emph{Hipparcos--Gaia} Catalog of Accelerations (HGCA). Although no significant proper-motion anomaly is detected for HD\,38973, the absence of an astrometric signal provides an informative upper limit on the companion mass. By combining the radial-velocity posterior with the HGCA likelihood, we rule out high-mass solutions at low inclinations and derive a robust upper bound on the true companion mass. We find the best-fitting true mass to be $0.240_{-0.040}^{+0.102}\,M_{\rm Jup}$, on an orbit with period $2733^{+210}_{-190}$ days, making HD\,38973b a likely cold Saturn. This study highlights the diagnostic power of astrometric non-detections when combined with precision radial velocities, demonstrating that meaningful constraints on companion masses can be obtained even in the absence of a detected astrometric signal.

astro-ph.SR

TOI 694 b and TIC 220568520 b: Two Low-Mass Companions Near the Hydrogen Burning Mass Limit Orbiting Sun-like Stars

We report the discovery of TOI 694 b and TIC 220568520 b, two low-mass stellar companions in eccentric orbits around metal-rich Sun-like stars, first detected by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). TOI 694 b has an orbital period of 48.05131$\pm$0.00019 days and eccentricity of 0.51946$\pm$0.00081, and we derive a mass of 89.0$\pm$5.3 $M_J$ (0.0849$\pm$0.0051 $M_\odot$) and radius of 1.111$\pm$0.017 $R_J$ (0.1142$\pm$0.0017 $R_\odot$). TIC 220568520 b has an orbital period of 18.55769$\pm$0.00039 days and eccentricity of 0.0964$\pm$0.0032, and we derive a mass of 107.2$\pm$5.2 $M_J$ (0.1023$\pm$0.0050 $M_\odot$) and radius of 1.248$\pm$0.018 $R_J$ (0.1282$\pm$0.0019 $R_\odot$). Both binary companions lie close to and above the Hydrogen burning mass threshold that separates brown dwarfs and the lowest mass stars, with TOI 694 b being 2-$\sigma$ above the canonical mass threshold of 0.075 $M_\odot$. The relatively long periods of the systems mean that the magnetic fields of the low-mass companions are not expected to inhibit convection and inflate the radius, which according to one leading theory is common in similar objects residing in short-period tidally-synchronized binary systems. Indeed we do not find radius inflation for these two objects when compared to theoretical isochrones. These two new objects add to the short but growing list of low-mass stars with well-measured masses and radii, and highlight the potential of the TESS mission for detecting such rare objects orbiting bright stars.

astro-ph.SR