arXiv subjects

Alexey Grinin

Publications and source records attributed to Alexey Grinin.

9 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Localized efficient in-vacuum loading of $\sim$0.1-10 $μ$m spherical and plate-like particles into optical traps using a pulled glass capillary

We demonstrate a compact piezoelectric-driven micropipette launcher for localized in-vacuum delivery of nano- and microparticles into optical traps. The launcher has been integrated into multiple optical trapping setups, including a single-beam trap, a non-interfering dual beam trap, and a standing-wave dual beam trap, showcasing the versatility and ease of integration of the setup. Using the micropipette launcher, we have successfully trapped silica spheres of $170\text{ nm}$, $300\text{ nm}$, 3 $μ\text{m}$ diameter, as well as 6 $μ\text{m}\times$ 0.2 $μ\text{m}$ $β$-NaYF hexagonal prisms and $\sim 100$ nm diameter high-purity nanodiamonds. We characterize the performance of the device including the peak acceleration, angular distribution of emitted particles, and the dependence on vertical displacement between the pipette tip and optical trap. Trapping efficiency as high as 93\% is achieved.

physics.optics↗

arXiv2026

A method for optically trapping nanospheres at micron range from a tilted mirror

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel optical method for trapping and cooling dielectric nanospheres at (sub)-micron distances from a reflective metallic surface. By translating a tilted mirror towards the focus of a single-beam optical tweezer, the optical trap transitions into an off-axis standing-wave configuration due to interference between the incident and reflected beams. Stable potential minima emerge within a finite overlap region close to the surface, with their number, shape, and distance from the surface tunable via the incidence angle, waist, and polarization of the incoming beam. This configuration enables deterministic selection of trapping sites as the system transitions from the single-beam trap to the off-axis standing wave trap. We validate this approach using a $170$ nm diameter silica sphere in a single-beam trap with a $1.5$ $μ$m waist and transitioning it into the second or first potential minimum of the standing wave trap, located $1.61$ $μ$m or $0.55$ $μ$m from the surface, respectively. The experimental results align well with our theoretical model, supported by numerical simulations of the Langevin equations of motion. Additionally, we perform parametric feedback cooling of all three motional degrees of freedom in a high-vacuum environment. This method provides a robust platform for ultra-sensitive scanning surface force sensing at micron distances from a reflective surface in high vacuum and may open new pathways for short-range gravity or Casimir effect measurements.

physics.optics↗

arXiv2026

Sub-part-per-trillion test of the Standard Model with atomic hydrogen

Quantum electrodynamics (QED), the first relativistic quantum field theory, describes light-matter interactions at a fundamental level and is one of the pillars of the Standard Model (SM). Through the extraordinary precision of QED, the SM predicts the energy levels of simple systems such as the hydrogen atom with up to 13 significant digits, making hydrogen spectroscopy an ideal test bed. The consistency of physical constants extracted from different transitions in hydrogen using QED, such as the proton charge radius $r_\mathrm{p}$, constitutes a test of the theory. However, values of $r_\mathrm{p}$ from recent measurements of atomic hydrogen are partly discrepant with each other and with a more precise value from spectroscopy of muonic hydrogen. This prevents a test of QED at the level of experimental uncertainties. Here we present a measurement of the 2S-6P transition in atomic hydrogen with sufficient precision to distinguish between the discrepant values of $r_\mathrm{p}$ and enable rigorous testing of QED and the SM overall. Our result $ν^{}_{\text{2S-6P}}$ = 730,690,248,610.79(48) kHz gives a value of $r_\mathrm{p}$ = 0.8406(15) fm at least 2.5-fold more precise than from other atomic hydrogen determinations and in excellent agreement with the muonic value. The SM prediction of the transition frequency (730,690,248,610.79(23) kHz) is in excellent agreement with our result, testing the SM to 0.7 parts per trillion (ppt) and, specifically, bound-state QED corrections to 0.5 parts per million (ppm), their most precise test so far.

physics.atom-ph↗

arXiv2025

Diamagnetic microchip traps for levitated nanoparticle entanglement experiments

The Quantum Gravity Mediated Entanglement (QGEM) protocol offers a novel method to probe the quantumness of gravitational interactions at non-relativistic scales. This protocol leverages the Stern-Gerlach effect to create $\mathcal{O}(\sim μm)$ spatial superpositions of two nanodiamonds (mass $\sim 10^{-15}$ kg) with NV spins, which are then allowed to interact and become entangled solely through the gravitational interaction. Since electromagnetic interactions such as Casimir-Polder and dipole-dipole interactions dominate at this scale, screening them to ensure the masses interact exclusively via gravity is crucial. In this paper, we propose using magnetic traps based on micro-fabricated wires, which provide strong gradients with relatively modest magnetic fields to trap nanoparticles for interferometric entanglement experiments. The design consists of a small trap to cool the center-of-mass motion of the nanodiamonds and a long trap with a weak direction suitable for creating macroscopic superpositions. In contrast to permanent-magnet-based long traps, the micro-fabricated wire-based approach allows fast switching of the magnetic trapping and state manipulation potentials and permits integrated superconducting shielding, which can screen both electrostatic and magnetic interactions between nanodiamonds in a gravitational entanglement experiment. The setup also provides a possible platform for other tests of quantum coherence in macroscopic systems and searches for novel short-range forces.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2024

Optimal displacement detection of arbitrarily-shaped levitated dielectric objects using optical radiation

Optically-levitated dielectric objects are promising for precision force, acceleration, torque, and rotation sensing due to their extreme environmental decoupling. While many levitated optomechanics experiments employ spherical objects, for some applications non-spherical geometries offer advantages. For example, rod-shaped or dumbbell shaped particles have been demonstrated for torque and rotation sensing and high aspect ratio plate-like particles can exhibit reduced photon recoil heating and may be useful for high-frequency gravitational wave detection or as high bandwidth accelerometers. To achieve optimal sensitivity, cooling, and quantum control in these systems, it is beneficial to achieve optimal displacement detection using scattered light. We describe and numerically implement a method based on Fisher information that is applicable to suspended particles of arbitrary geometry. We demonstrate the agreement between our method and prior methods employed for spherical particles, both in the Rayleigh and Lorentz-Mie regimes. As practical examples, we analyze the optical detection limits of an optically-levitated high-aspect-ratio disc-like dielectric object and a rod-shaped object for configurations recently realized in experimental work.

physics.optics↗

arXiv2024

Optomechanics of optically-levitated particles: A tutorial and perspective

Optomechanics, the study of the mechanical interaction of light with matter, has proven to be a fruitful area of research that has yielded many notable achievements, including the direct detection of gravitational waves in kilometer-scale optical interferometers. Light has been used to cool and demonstrate quantum control over the mechanical degrees of freedom of individual ions and atoms, and more recently has facilitated the observation of quantum ``mechanics'' in objects of larger mass, even at the kg-scale. Optical levitation, where an object can be suspended by radiation pressure and largely decoupled from its environment, has recently established itself as a rich field of study, with many notable results relevant for precision measurement, quantum information science, and foundational tests of quantum mechanics and fundamental physics. This article provides a survey of several current activities in field along with a tutorial describing associated key concepts and methods, both from an experimental and theoretical approach. It is intended as a resource for junior researchers who are new to this growing field as well as beginning graduate students. The tutorial is concluded with a perspective on both promising emerging experimental platforms and anticipated future theoretical developments.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2023

Relaxation of experimental parameters in a Quantum-Gravity Induced Entanglement of Masses Protocol using electromagnetic screening

To test the quantum nature of gravity in a lab requires witnessing the entanglement between the two test masses (nano-crystals) solely due to the gravitational interaction kept at a distance in a spatial superposition. The protocol is known as the quantum gravity-induced entanglement of masses (QGEM). One of the main backgrounds in the QGEM experiment is electromagnetic (EM) induced entanglement and decoherence. The EM interactions can entangle the two neutral masses via dipole-dipole vacuum-induced interactions, such as the Casimir-Polder interaction. To mitigate the EM-induced interactions between the two nano-crystals, we enclose the two interferometers in a Faraday cage and separate them by a conducting plate. However, any imperfection on the surface of a nano-crystal, such as a permanent dipole moment will also create an EM background interacting with the conducting plate in the experimental box. These interactions will further generate EM-induced dephasing which we wish to mitigate. In this paper, we will consider a parallel configuration of the QGEM experiment, where we will estimate the EM-induced dephasing rate, run-by-run systematic errors which will induce dephasing, and also provide constraints on the size of the superposition in a model-independent way of creating the spatial superposition.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2022

An apparatus for in-vacuum loading of nanoparticles into an optical trap

We describe the design, construction, and operation of an apparatus utilizing a piezoelectric transducer for in-vacuum loading of nanoparticles into an optical trap for use in levitated optomechanics experiments. In contrast to commonly used nebulizer-based trap-loading methods which generate aerosolized liquid droplets containing nanoparticles, the method produces dry aerosols of both spherical and high-aspect ratio particles ranging in size by approximately two orders of mangitude. The device has been shown to generate accelerations of order $10^7$ $g$, which is sufficient to overcome stiction forces between glass nanoparticles and a glass substrate for particles as small as $170$ nm diameter. Particles with sizes ranging from $170$ nm to $\sim 10$ $μ$m have been successfully loaded into optical traps at pressures ranging from $1$ bar to $0.6$ mbar. We report the velocity distribution of the particles launched from the substrate and our results indicate promise for direct loading into ultra-high-vacuum with sufficient laser feedback cooling. This loading technique could be useful for the development of compact fieldable sensors based on optically levitated nanoparticles as well as matter-wave interference experiments with ultra-cold nano-objects which rely on multiple repeated free-fall measurements and thus require rapid trap re-loading in high vacuum conditions.

physics.optics↗

arXiv2016

Deuteron charge radius and Rydberg constant from spectroscopy data in atomic deuterium

We give a pedagogical description of the method to extract the charge radii and Rydberg constant from laser spectroscopy in regular hydrogen (H) and deuterium (D) atoms, that is part of the CODATA least-squares adjustment (LSA) of the fundamental physical constants. We give a deuteron charge radius Rd from D spectroscopy alone of 2.1415(45) fm. This value is independent of the measurements that lead to the proton charge radius, and five times more accurate than the value found in the CODATA Adjustment 10. The improvement is due to the use of a value for the 1S->2S transition in atomic deuterium which can be inferred from published data or found in a PhD thesis.

physics.atom-ph↗