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Alhun Aydin

Publications and source records attributed to Alhun Aydin.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

Quantum Acoustics Demystifies the Strange Metals

Phonons have long been thought to be incapable of explaining key phenomena in strange metals, including linear-in-\textit{T} Planckian resistivity from high to very low temperatures. We argue that these conclusions were based on static, perturbative approaches that overlooked essential time-dependent and nonperturbative electron-lattice physics. In fact ``phonons'' are not the best target for discussion, just like ``photons'' are not the best way to think about Maxwell's equations. Quantum optics connects photons and electromagnetism, as developed 60 years ago by Glauber and others. We have been developing the parallel world of quantum acoustics. Far from being only of academic interest, the new tools are rapidly exposing the secrets of the strange metals, revealing strong vibronic (vibration-electronic) interactions playing a crucial role forming polarons and charge density waves, linear-in-$T$ resistivity at the Planckian rate over thousands of degrees, resolution of the Drude peak infrared anomaly, and the absence of a $T^4$ low-temperature resistivity rise in 2D systems, and of a Mott-Ioffe-Regel resistivity saturation. We derive Planckian transport, polarons, CDWs, and pseudogaps from the Fröhlich model. The ``new physics'' has been hiding in this model all along, in the right parameter regime, if it is treated nonperturbatively. In the course of this work we have uncovered the generalization of Anderson localization to dynamic media: a universal Planckian diffusion emerges, a ``ghost'' of Anderson localization. Planckian diffusion is clearly defined and is more fundamental than the popular but elusive, model dependent concept of ``Planckian speed limit''.

cond-mat.str-el↗

Polaron catastrophe within quantum acoustics

The quantum acoustic framework has recently emerged as a non-perturbative, coherent approach to electron-lattice interactions, uncovering rich physics often obscured by perturbative methods with incoherent scattering events. Here, we model the strongly coupled dynamics of electrons and acoustic lattice vibrations within this framework, representing lattice vibrations as coherent states and electrons as quantum wavepackets, in a manner distinctively different from tight-binding or discrete hopping-based approaches. We derive and numerically implement electron backaction on the lattice, providing both visual and quantitative insights into electron wavepacket evolution and the formation of acoustic polarons. We investigate polaron binding energies across varying material parameters and compute key observables, including mean square displacement, kinetic energy, potential energy, and vibrational energy. over time. Our findings reveal the conditions that favor polaron formation, which is enhanced by low temperatures, high deformation potential constants, slow sound velocities, and high effective masses. Additionally, we explore the impact of external electric and magnetic fields, showing that while polaron formation remains robust under moderate fields, it is weakly suppressed at higher field strengths. These results deepen our understanding of polaron dynamics and pave the way for future studies into non-trivial transport behavior in quantum materials.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

Geometry-induced asymmetric level coupling

Tailoring energy levels in quantum systems via Hamiltonian control parameters is essential for designing quantum thermodynamic devices and materials. However, conventional methods for manipulating finite-size systems, such as tuning external fields or system size, typically lead to uniform spectral shifts, limiting precise control. A recently introduced technique, called the size-invariant shape transformation, overcomes this by introducing a new control parameter that deforms the potential landscape without altering system size, enabling nonuniform level scaling. This shape parameter gives rise to quantum shape effects in confined systems, conceptually distinct from quantum size effects. We explore the limits of this phenomenon by asking: what is the minimal system in which such spectral behavior can emerge? We show that even a two-level system can exhibit thermodynamic consequences of quantum shape effects, including spontaneous transitions into lower-entropy states, a feature absent in classical thermodynamics for non-interacting systems. We identify the origin as geometry-induced asymmetric level coupling, where the ground-state energy and level spacing respond oppositely to shape changes. This extends to many-level systems, where the thermally averaged level spacing and ground-state energy evolve in opposite directions. We construct spontaneity maps revealing energy- and entropy-driven spontaneous processes. These behaviors emerge under quasistatic, isothermal deformations and show how geometry alone can induce thermodynamic effects typically exclusive to interacting or open systems. Our results offer a broadly applicable route to spectral gap control in quantum technologies.

quant-ph↗

Shape-controlled Bose-Einstein Condensation

Size-invariant shape transformation is a geometric technique that allows for a clear separation between quantum size and shape effects by modifying the shape of the confinement domain without altering its size. The impact of shape on the behavior of confined systems is significantly different from that of size, making it an emerging area of research. The recent realization of flat-bottomed optical box traps has further contributed to the study of quantum gases in complex confinement geometries. Here, we propose shape-induced Bose-Einstein condensation at a fixed size, temperature, and density. We investigate the impact of pure quantum shape effects on a non-interacting Bose gas confined within nested square domains, where the shape parameter is defined and controlled by the rotation angle between the inner and outer squares. Our findings reveal that specific heat exhibits an additional low-temperature peak at certain shapes. This work opens new avenues for controlling quantum systems through geometric manipulation and provides insights into the thermodynamic properties of Bose gases under shape-induced quantum effects.

cond-mat.quant-gas↗

Planckian Diffusion: The Ghost of Anderson Localization

We find that Anderson localization ceases to exist when a random medium begins to move, but another type of fundamental quantum effect, Planckian diffusion $D = α\hbar/m$, rises to replace it, with $α$ of order of unity. Planckian diffusion supercedes the Planckian speed limit $τ= α\hbar/k_B T,$ as it not only implies this relation in thermal systems but also applies more generally without requiring thermal equilibrium. Here we model a dynamic disordered system with thousands of itinerant impurities, having random initial positions and velocities. By incrementally increasing their speed from zero, we observe a transition from Anderson localization to Planckian diffusion, with $α$ falling within the range of $0.5$ to $2$. Furthermore, we relate the breakdown of Anderson localization to three additional, distinctly different confirming cases that also exhibit Planckian diffusion $D\sim \hbar/m$, including one experiment on solid hydrogen. Our finding suggests that Planckian diffusion in dynamic disordered systems is as universal as Anderson localization in static disordered systems, which may shed light on quantum transport studies.

quant-ph↗

Quantum acoustics unravels Planckian resistivity

Strange metals exhibit universal linear-in-temperature resistivity described by a Planckian scattering rate, the origin of which remains elusive. By employing a novel approach inspired by quantum optics, we arrive at the coherent state representation of lattice vibrations: quantum acoustics. Utilizing this nonperturbative framework, we demonstrate that lattice vibrations could serve as active drivers in the Planckian resistivity phenomenon, challenging prevailing theories. By treating charge carriers as quantum wave packets negotiating the dynamic acoustic field, we find that a competition ensues between localization and delocalization giving rise to the previously conjectured universal quantum bound of diffusion, $\hbar/m^{*}$, independent of temperature or any other material parameters. This leads to the enigmatic $T$-linear resistivity over hundreds of degrees, except at very low temperatures. Quantum diffusion also explains why strange metals have much higher electrical resistivity than typical metals. Our work elucidates the critical role of phonons in Planckian resistivity from a new perspective and reconsiders their significance in the transport properties of strange metals.

cond-mat.str-el↗

Spectral properties of size-invariant shape transformation

Size-invariant shape transformation is a technique of changing the shape of a domain while preserving its sizes under the Lebesgue measure. In quantum confined systems, this transformation leads to so-called quantum shape effects in the physical properties of confined particles associated with the Dirichlet spectrum of the confining medium. Here we show that the geometric couplings between levels generated by the size-invariant shape transformations cause nonuniform scaling in the eigenspectra. In particular, the nonuniform level scaling is characterized by two distinct spectral features: lowering of the first eigenvalue (ground state reduction) and changing of the spectral gaps (energy level splitting or degeneracy formation depending on the symmetries). We explain the ground state reduction by the increase in local breadth (i.e. parts of the domain becoming less confined) that is associated with the sphericity of these local portions of the domain. We accurately quantify the sphericity using two different measures: the radius of the inscribed $n$-sphere and the Hausdorff distance. Due to Rayleigh-Faber-Krahn inequality, the greater the sphericity, the lower the first eigenvalue. Then, level splitting or degeneracy, depending on the symmetries of the initial configuration, becomes a direct consequence of size-invariance dictating the eigenvalues to have the same asymptotic behavior due to Weyl law. Furthermore, we find that the ground state reduction causes a quantum thermal avalanche which is the underlying reason for the peculiar effect of spontaneous transitions to lower entropy states in systems exhibiting the quantum shape effect. Unusual spectral characteristics of size-preserving transformations can assist in designing confinement geometries that could lead to classically inconceivable quantum thermal machines.

quant-ph↗

Origin of quantum shape effect

Size-invariant shape transformation gives rise to the so-called quantum shape effect in strongly confined systems. While quantum size and shape effects are often thought to be difficult to distinguish because of their coexistence, it is actually possible to separate them and focus solely on the shape effect. In fact, quantum shape effect is a quite different phenomenon from quantum size effects, as it can have the opposite influence on the physical properties of nanoscale systems. Here we explore the origin of the quantum shape effect by theoretically investigating the simplest system that can produce the same physics: quantum particles in a box separated by a moving partition. The partition moves quasistatically from one end of the box to the other, allowing the system to remain in equilibrium with a reservoir throughout the process. The partition and the boundaries are impenetrable by particles, forming two effectively interconnected regions. Position of the partition becomes the shape variable. We investigate quantum shape effect on the thermodynamic properties of confined particles. In addition, we applied a new analytical model based on dimensional transitions to accurately predict thermodynamic properties under the quantum shape effect. A fundamental understanding of quantum shape effects could pave the way for employing them to engineer physical properties and design better materials at nanoscale.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

Quantum shape oscillations in the thermodynamic properties of confined electrons in core-shell nanostructures

Quantum shape effect appears under the size-invariant shape transformations of strongly confined structures. Such a transformation distinctively influences the thermodynamic properties of confined particles. Due to their characteristic geometry, core-shell nanostructures are good candidates for quantum shape effects to be observed. Here we investigate the thermodynamic properties of non-interacting degenerate electrons confined in core-shell nanowires consisting of an insulating core and a GaAs semiconducting shell. We derive the expressions of shape-dependent thermodynamic quantities and show the existence of a new type of quantum oscillations due to shape dependence, in chemical potential, internal energy, entropy and specific heat of confined electrons. We provide physical understanding of our results by invoking the quantum boundary layer concept and evaluating the distributions of quantized energy levels on Fermi function and in state space. Besides the density, temperature and size, the shape per se also becomes a control parameter on the Fermi energy of confined electrons, which provides a new mechanism for fine tuning the Fermi level and changing the polarity of semiconductors.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

Coherent charge carrier dynamics in the presence of thermal lattice vibrations

We develop the coherent state representation of lattice vibrations to describe their interactions with charge carriers. In direct analogy to quantum optics, the coherent state representation leads from quantized lattice vibrations (phonons) naturally to a quasiclassical field limit, i.e., the deformation potential. To an electron, the deformation field is a sea of hills and valleys, as ``real'' as any external field, morphing and propagating at the sound speed, and growing in magnitude with temperature. In this disordered potential landscape, the charge carrier dynamics is treated nonperturbatively, preserving their coherence beyond single collision events. We show the coherent state picture agrees exactly with the conventional Fock state picture in perturbation theory. Furthermore, it goes beyond by revealing aspects that the conventional theory could not explain: transient localization even at high temperatures by charge carrier coherence effects, and band tails in the density of states due to the self-generated disorder (deformation) potential in a pure crystal. The coherent state paradigm of lattice vibrations supplies tools for probing important questions in condensed matter physics as in quantum optics.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

Thermodefect voltage in graphene nanoribbon junctions

Thermoelectric junctions are often made of components of different materials characterized by distinct transport properties. Single material junctions, with the same type of charge carriers, have also been considered to investigate various classical and quantum effects on the thermoelectric properties of nanostructured materials. We here introduce the concept of defect-induced thermoelectric voltage, namely, {\it thermodefect voltage}, in graphene nanoribbon (GNR) junctions under a temperature gradient. Our thermodefect junction is formed by two GNRs with identical properties except the existence of defects in one of the nanoribbons. At room temperature the thermodefect voltage is highly sensitive to the types of defects, their locations, as well as the width and edge configurations of the GNRs. We demonstrate that the thermodefect voltage can be as high as $1.7\,$mV/K for $555$-$777$ defects in semiconducting armchair GNRs. We further investigate the Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductance, and electronic thermal conductance, and also the power factor of the individual junction components to explain the thermodefect effect. Taken together, our study presents a new pathway to enhance the thermoelectric properties of nanomaterials.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

Quantum Shape Effects

Can we change the shape of a domain without altering its sizes? By introducing a size-invariant shape transformation, we propose the existence and explore the consequences of a new type of physical effect appearing at the quantum scales, which we call here as "quantum shape effect". By completely separating the shape effects from size effects, we show that shape alone becomes a control parameter on the thermodynamic state functions of confined systems at nanoscale. We develop an overlapped quantum boundary layer method to analytically predict the quantum shape effects, reducing a thermodynamic problem into a geometric one and revealing the profound link between the geometry and thermodynamics at the quantum scales. Furthermore, we introduce the isoformal, shape preserving, process which opens up the possibility of a new generation of thermodynamic cycles operating at nanoscale with unique features. As a whole, this thesis constitutes the proposition and a comprehensive investigation of the theory, construction of the methodology and exploration of the applications of quantum shape effects in thermodynamics.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

Thermoshape effect for energy harvesting with nanostructures

We propose a mechanism for nanoscale energy conversion, an electric voltage induced by a temperature gradient in a junction composed of the same material having exactly the same geometric sizes, but distinct shapes. The proposed effect appears as a result of only temperature and shape difference, hence it is called thermoshape effect. For GaAs quantum confined semiconductor nanostructures, we first introduce the existence of quantum shape effects on thermoelectric transport coefficients at ballistic regime. We show that the shape alone enters as a control parameter on transport properties of confined nanostructures. The thermoshape voltage is then calculated by using the Landauer formalism. Our calculations show that the thermoshape voltage has a constant value in the order of mV/K for the variation of chemical potential in non-degenerate regime and it decreases rapidly after entering weakly degenerate regime where it oscillates around zero within plus/minus 10$μ$V/K magnitude. A persistent voltage range may pave the way for easier experimental demonstration of the effect. Our work explicitly shows how important the effect of overall geometry is in nanoscale thermoelectric materials, and can be utilized even if all sizes are the same. A thermoshape junction not only represents a viable setup for the macroscopic manifestation of quantum shape effects, but also constitutes their first possible device application.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

Characterization of density oscillations in confined and degenerate Fermi gases

Friedel oscillations appear in density of Fermi gases due to Pauli exclusion principle and translational symmetry breaking nearby a defect or impurity. In confined Fermi gases, this symmetry breaking occurs also near to boundaries. Here, density oscillations of a degenerate and confined Fermi gas are considered and characterized. True nature of density oscillations are represented by analytical formulas for degenerate conditions. Analytical characterization is first done for completely degenerate case, then temperature effects are also incorporated with a finer approximation. Envelope functions defining the upper and lower bounds of these oscillations are determined. It is shown that the errors of obtained expressions are negligible as long as the system is degenerate. Numbers, amplitudes, averages and spatial coordinates of oscillations are also given by analytical expressions. The results may be helpful to efficiently predict and easily calculate the oscillations in density and density-dependent properties of confined electrons at nanoscale.

cond-mat.quant-gas↗

Landauer's Principle in a Quantum Szilard Engine Without Maxwell's Demon

Quantum Szilard engine constitutes an adequate interplay of thermodynamics, information theory and quantum mechanics. Szilard engines are in general operated by a Maxwell's Demon where Landauer's principle resolves the apparent paradoxes. Here we propose a Szilard engine setup without featuring an explicit Maxwell's demon. In a demonless Szilard engine, the acquisition of which-side information is not required, but erasure and the related heat dissipation still take place implicitly by the very nature of the work extraction process. We see that the insertion of the partition in a quantum Szilard engine does not localize the particle to one side, instead it creates a superposition state of the particle being in both sides. To be able to extract work from the system, particle has to be localized at one side. The localization occurs as a result of quantum measurement on the particle, which shows the importance of the measurement process regardless of whether one uses the acquired information or not. In accordance with the Landauer's principle, localization by quantum measurement corresponds to a logically irreversible operation and for this reason it has to be accompanied by the corresponding heat dissipation. This shows the validity of the Landauer's principle even in quantum Szilard engines without Maxwell's demon. Furthermore, we take quantum confinement effects fully into account to analyze the Szilard cycle in the quantum regime thoroughly and obtain highly accurate analytical expressions for work and heat exchanges. Our results show that Landauer's principle holds the key role to understand the thermodynamics of the localization of the particle by quantum measurement, which explicitly saves the second law in demonless engines and shows that quantum-mechanical considerations are essential to reconcile thermodynamics and information theory.

quant-ph↗

Thermosize voltage induced in a ballistic graphene nanoribbon junction

A thermoelectric voltage is induced in a junction, constituted of two dissimilar materials under a temperature gradient. Similarly, a thermosize voltage is expected to be induced in a junction made by the same material but having different sizes, so-called thermosize junction. This is a consequence of dissimilarity in Seebeck coefficients due to differences in classical and/or quantum size effects in the same materials with different sizes. The studies on thermosize effects in literature are mainly based on semi-classical models under relaxation time approximation or even simpler local equilibrium ones where only very general ideas and results have been discussed without considering quantum transport approaches and specific materials. To make more realistic predictions for a possible experimental verification, here, we consider ballistic thermosize junctions made by narrow and wide ($n$-$w$) pristine graphene nanoribbons with perfect armchair edges and calculate the electronic contribution to the thermosize voltage, at room temperature, by using the Landauer formalism. The results show that the maximum thermosize voltage can be achieved for semiconducting nanoribbons and it is about an order of magnitude larger than that of metallic nanoribbons. In the semiconducting case, the thermosize voltage forms a characteristic plateau for a finite range of gating conditions. We demonstrate, through numerical calculations, that the induced thermosize voltage per temperature difference can be in the scale of mV/K, which is high enough for experimental measurements. Owing to their high and persistent thermosize voltage values, graphene nanoribbons are expected to be good candidate for device applications of thermosize effects.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

Discrete and Weyl density of states for photons and phonons

The current density of states (DOS) calculations do not take into account the essential discreteness of the state space, since they rely on the unbounded continuum approximation. Recently, discrete DOS based on the quantum-mechanically allowable minimum energy interval has been introduced for quadratic dispersion relation. In this work, we consider systems exhibiting linear dispersion relation, particularly photons and phonons, and calculate the related density and number of states (NOS). Also, a Weyl's conjecture-based DOS function is calculated for photons and phonons by considering the bounded continuum approach. We show that discrete DOS function reduces to expressions of bounded and unbounded continua in the appropriate limits. The fluctuations in discrete DOS completely disappear under accumulation operators. It's interesting that relative errors of NOS and DOS functions with respect to discrete ones are exactly the same as the ones for quadratic dispersion relation. Furthermore, the application of discrete and Weyl DOS for the calculation of internal energy of a photon gas is presented and importance of discrete DOS is discussed. It's shown that discrete DOS function given in this work needs to be used whenever the low energy levels of a physical system are heavily occupied.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

Quantum shape effects and novel thermodynamic behaviors at nanoscale

Thermodynamic properties of confined systems depend on sizes of the confinement domain due to quantum nature of particles. Here we show that shape also enters as a control parameter on thermodynamic state functions. By considering specially designed confinement domains, we separate the influences of quantum size and shape effects from each other and demonstrate how shape effects alone modify Helmholtz free energy, entropy and internal energy of a confined system. We propose an overlapped quantum boundary layer method to analytically predict quantum shape effects without even solving Schrödinger equation or invoking any other mathematical tools. Thereby we reduce a thermodynamic problem into a simple geometric one and reveal the profound link between geometry and thermodynamics. We report also a torque due to quantum shape effects. Furthermore, we introduce isoformal, shape preserving, process which opens the possibility of a new generation of thermodynamic cycles operating at nanoscale with unique features.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗