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Ali H. Chamseddine

Publications and source records attributed to Ali H. Chamseddine.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
arXiv2019

Asymptotically Free Mimetic Gravity

The idea of "asymptotically free" gravity is implemented using a constrained mimetic scalar field. The effective gravitational constant is assumed to vanish at some limiting curvature. As a result singularities in contracting spatially flat Friedmann and Kasner universes are avoided. The solutions in both cases approach de Sitter metric with a limiting curvature.We show that quantum metric fluctuations vanish when this limiting curvature is approached.

hep-th↗
arXiv2018

Entropy and the spectral action

We compute the information theoretic von Neumann entropy of the state associated to the fermionic second quantization of a spectral triple. We show that this entropy is given by the spectral action of the spectral triple for a specific universal function. The main result of our paper is the surprising relation between this function and the Riemann zeta function. It manifests itself in particular by the values of the coefficients $c(d)$ by which it multiplies the $d$ dimensional terms in the heat expansion of the spectral triple. We find that $c(d)$ is the product of the Riemann xi function evaluated at $-d$ by an elementary expression. In particular $c(4)$ is a rational multiple of $ζ(5)$ and $c(2)$ a rational multiple of $ζ(3)$. The functional equation gives a duality between the coefficients in positive dimension, which govern the high energy expansion, and the coefficients in negative dimension, exchanging even dimension with odd dimension.

hep-th↗
arXiv2018

Noncommutative Geometry and Structure of Space-Time

I give a summary review of the research program using noncommutative geometry as a framework to determine the structure of space-time. Classification of finite noncommutative spaces under few assumptions reveals why nature chose the Standard Model and the reasons behind the particular form of gauge fields, Higgs fields and fermions as well as the origin of symmetry breaking. It also points that at high energies the Standard Model is a truncation of Pati-Salam unified model of leptons and quarks. The same conclusions are arrived at uniquely without making any assumptions except for an axiom which is a higher form of Heisenberg commutation relations quantizing the volume of space-time. We establish the existence of two kinds of quanta of geometry in the form of unit spheres of Planck length. We provide answers to many of the questions which are not answered by other approaches, however, more research is needed to answer the remaining challenging questions.

hep-th↗
arXiv2018

Ghost Free Mimetic Massive Gravity

The mass of the graviton can be generated using a Brout-Englert-Higgs mechanism with four scalar fields. We show that when one of these fields is costrained as in mimetic gravity, the massive gravity obtained is ghost free and consistent. The mass term is not of the Fierz-Pauli type. There are only five degrees of freedom and the sixth degree of freedom associated with the Boulware-Deser ghost is constrained and replaced by mimetic matter to all orders. The van Dam-Veltman-Zakharov discontinuity is also absent.

hep-th↗
arXiv2018

Mimetic Massive Gravity: Beyond Linear Approximation

We present a theory of ghost-free massive gravity where the mass of the graviton is generated through the Brout-Englert-Higgs (BEH) mechanism and one of the four scalar fields used is that of mimetic gravity. The mass term is not of the Fierz-Pauli type and the constraint eliminates the Boulware-Deser ghost which is absent to all orders. We perform a detailed analysis using the methods of cosmological perturbation theory and consider quantum fluctuations of the degrees of freedom of massive graviton and mimetic matter. It is shown that for three of the degrees of freedom of the graviton of mass $m$ the nonlinear corrections become comparable to the linear terms already at a length scale of order $m^{-\frac{1}{2}}$. Thus, at smaller scales they become strongly coupled and the graviton remains with two transverse degrees of freedom which get strongly coupled only at Planck scale. The mimetic field behaves as cold particles of half of the graviton mass and could well explain the source of dark matter in our universe. In the weakly coupled domain mimetic matter is completely decoupled from the massive graviton.

hep-th↗
arXiv2017

Quanta of Space-Time and Axiomatization of Physics

We consider Hilbert's sixth problem on the axiomatization of physics starting with a higher degree Heisenberg commutation relation involving the Dirac operator and the Feynman slash of scalar fields. The two sided version of the commutation relation in dimension 4 implies volume quantization and determines a noncommutative space which is a tensor product of continuous and discrete spaces. This noncommutative space predicts the full structure of a unified model of all particle interactions based on Pati-Salam symmetries or, as a special case, the Standard Model. We study implications of this quantization condition on Particle Physics, General Relativity, the cosmological constant and dark matter. We demonstrate that, with little input, noncommutative geometry gives a compelling and attractive picture about the nature and structure of space-time.

hep-th↗
arXiv2016

Resolving Cosmological Singularities

We find a simple modification of the longitudinal mode in General Relativity which incorporates the idea of limiting curvature. In this case the singularities in contracting Friedmann and Kasner universes are avoided, and instead, the universe has a regular bounce which takes place during the time inversely proportional to the square root of the limiting curvature. Away from the bounce, corrections to General Relativity are negligible. In addition the non-singluar modification of General Relativity delivers for free a realistic candidate for Dark Matter.

gr-qc↗
arXiv2016

Nonsingular Black Hole

We consider the Schwarzschild black hole and show how, in a theory with limiting curvature, the physical singularity "inside it" is removed. The resulting spacetime is geodesically complete. The internal structure of this nonsingular black hole is analogus to Russian nesting dolls. Namely, after falling into the black hole of radius $r_{g}$, an observer, instead of being destroyed at the singularity, gets for a short time into the region with limiting curvature. After that he re-emerges in the near horizon region of a spacetime described by the Schwarzschild metric of a gravitational radius proportional to $r_{g}^{1/3}$. In the next cycle, after passing the limiting curvature, the observer finds himself within a black hole of even smaller radius proportional to $r_{g}^{1/9}$, and so on. Finally after few cycles he will end up in the spacetime where he remains forever at limiting curvature.

gr-qc↗
arXiv2016

Quanta of Geometry and Unification

This is a tribute to Abdus Salam's memory whose insight and creative thinking set for me a role model to follow. In this contribution I show that the simple requirement of volume quantization in space-time (with Euclidean signature) uniquely determines the geometry to be that of a noncommutative space whose finite part is based on an algebra that leads to Pati-Salam grand unified models. The Standard Model corresponds to a special case where a mathematical constraint (order one condition) is satisfied. This provides evidence that Salam was a visionary who was generations ahead of his time.

hep-th↗
arXiv2016

On Unification of Gravity and Gauge Interactions

Considering a higher dimensional Lorentz group as the tangent symmetry, we unify gravity and gauge interactions in a natural way. The spin connection of the gauged Lorentz group is then responsible for both gravity and gauge fields, and the action for the gauged fields becomes part of the spin curvature squared. The realistic group which unifies all known particles and interactions is the $SO(1,13)$ Lorentz group whose gauge part leads to $SO(10)$ grand unified theory and contains double the number of required fermions in the fundamental spinor representation. Mirror fermions could acquire mass utilizing a mechanism employed for topological superconductors. Family unification could be achieved by considering the $SO(1,21)$ Lorentz group.

hep-th↗
arXiv2016

Inhomogeneous Dark Energy

We modify Einstein General Relativity by adding non-dynamical scalar fields to account simultaneously for both dark matter and dark energy. The dark energy in this case can be distributed in-homogeneously even within horizon scales. Its inhomogeneities can contribute to the late time integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect, possibly removing some of the low multipole anomalies in the temperature fluctuations of the CMB spectrum. The presence of the inhomogeneous dark matter also influences structure formation in the universe.

astro-ph.CO↗
arXiv2015

Grand Unification in the Spectral Pati-Salam Model

We analyze the running at one-loop of the gauge couplings in the spectral Pati-Salam model that was derived in the framework of noncommutative geometry. There are a few different scenario's for the scalar particle content which are determined by the precise form of the Dirac operator for the finite noncommutative space. We consider these different scenarios and establish for all of them unification of the Pati-Salam gauge couplings. The boundary conditions are set by the usual RG flow for the Standard Model couplings at an intermediate mass scale at which the Pati-Salam symmetry is broken.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2015

Quanta of Geometry: Noncommutative Aspects

In the construction of spectral manifolds in noncommutative geometry, a higher degree Heisenberg commutation relation involving the Dirac operator and the Feynman slash of real scalar fields naturally appears and implies, by equality with the index formula, the quantization of the volume. We first show that this condition implies that the manifold decomposes into disconnected spheres which will represent quanta of geometry. We then refine the condition by involving the real structure and two types of geometric quanta, and show that connected spin-manifolds with large quantized volume are then obtained as solutions. The two algebras M_2(H) and M_4(C) are obtained which are the exact constituents of the Standard Model. Using the two maps from M_4 to S^4 the four-manifold is built out of a very large number of the two kinds of spheres of Planckian volume. We give several physical applications of this scheme such as quantization of the cosmological constant, mimetic dark matter and area quantization of black holes.

hep-th↗
arXiv2014

Geometry and the Quantum: Basics

Motivated by the construction of spectral manifolds in noncommutative geometry, we introduce a higher degree Heisenberg commutation relation involving the Dirac operator and the Feynman slash of scalar fields. This commutation relation appears in two versions, one sided and two sided. It implies the quantization of the volume. In the one-sided case it implies that the manifold decomposes into a disconnected sum of spheres which will represent quanta of geometry. The two sided version in dimension 4 predicts the two algebras M_2(H) and M_4(C) which are the algebraic constituents of the Standard Model of particle physics. This taken together with the non-commutative algebra of functions allows one to reconstruct, using the spectral action, the Lagrangian of gravity coupled with the Standard Model. We show that any connected Riemannian Spin 4-manifold with quantized volume >4 (in suitable units) appears as an irreducible representation of the two-sided commutation relations in dimension 4 and that these representations give a seductive model of the "particle picture" for a theory of quantum gravity in which both the Einstein geometric standpoint and the Standard Model emerge from Quantum Mechanics. Physical applications of this quantization scheme will follow in a separate publication.

hep-th↗
arXiv2014

Beyond the Spectral Standard Model: Emergence of Pati-Salam Unification

The assumption that space-time is a noncommutative space formed as a product of a continuous four dimensional manifold times a finite space predicts, almost uniquely, the Standard Model with all its fermions, gauge fields, Higgs field and their representations. A strong restriction on the noncommutative space results from the first order condition which came from the requirement that the Dirac operator is a differential operator of order one. Without this restriction, invariance under inner automorphisms requires the inner fluctuations of the Dirac operator to contain a quadratic piece expressed in terms of the linear part. We apply the classification of product noncommutative spaces without the first order condition and show that this leads immediately to a Pati-Salam SU(2)_{R}x SU(2)_{L}x SU(4) type model which unifies leptons and quarks in four colors. Besides the gauge fields, there are 16 fermions in the (2,1,4)+(1,2,4) representation, fundamental Higgs fields in the (2,2,1), (2,1,4) and (1,1,1+15) representations. Depending on the precise form of the order one condition or not there are additional Higgs fields which are either composite depending on the fundamental Higgs fields listed above, or are fundamental themselves. These additional Higgs fields break spontaneously the Pati-Salam symmetries at high energies to those of the Standard Model.

hep-th↗
arXiv2014

Cosmology with Mimetic Matter

We consider minimal extensions of the recently proposed Mimetic Dark Matter and show that by introducing a potential for the mimetic non-dynamical scalar field we can mimic nearly any gravitational properties of the normal matter. In particular, the mimetic matter can provide us with inflaton, quintessence and even can lead to a bouncing nonsingular universe. We also investigate the behaviour of cosmological perturbations due to a mimetic matter. We demonstrate that simple mimetic inflation can produce red-tilted scalar perturbations which are largely enhanced over gravity waves.

astro-ph.CO↗
arXiv2013

Mimetic Dark Matter

We reformulate Einstein's theory of gravity, isolating the conformal degree of freedom in a covariant way. This is done by introducing a physical metric defined in terms of an auxiliary metric and a scalar field appearing through its first derivatives. The resulting equations of motion split into a traceless equation obtained through variation with respect to the auxiliary metric and an additional differential equation for the trace part. As a result the conformal degree of freedom becomes dynamical even in the absence of matter. We show that this extra degree of freedom can mimic cold dark matter.

astro-ph.CO↗