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Amaresh Jaiswal

Publications and source records attributed to Amaresh Jaiswal.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
arXiv2018

Virtual photon polarization and dilepton anisotropy in relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions

The polarization of virtual photons produced in relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions provides information on the conditions in the emitting medium. In a hydrodynamic framework, the resulting angular anisotropy of the dilepton final state depends on the flow as well as on the transverse momentum and invariant mass of the photon. We illustrate these effects in dilepton production from quark-antiquark annihilation in the QGP phase and $π^+π^-$ annihilation in the hadronic phase for a static medium in global equilibrium and for a longitudinally expanding system.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2018

Metric anisotropies and emergent anisotropic hydrodynamics

Expansion of a locally equilibrated fluid is considered in an anisotropic space-time given by Bianchi type I metric. Starting from isotropic equilibrium phase-space distribution function in the local rest frame, we obtain expressions for components of the energy-momentum tensor and conserved current, such as number density, energy density and pressure components. In the case of an axis-symmetric Bianchi type I metric, we show that they are identical to that obtained within the setup of anisotropic hydrodynamics. We further consider the case when Bianchi type I metric is a vacuum solution of Einstein equation: the Kasner metric. For axis-symmetric Kasner metric, we discuss the implications of our results in the context of anisotropic hydrodynamics.

gr-qc↗
arXiv2018

Effect of an anisotropic escape mechanism on elliptic flow in relativistic heavy-ion collisions

We study the effect of anisotropic escape mechanism on elliptic flow in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. We use Glauber model to generate initial conditions and ignore hydrodynamic expansion in the transverse direction. We employ Beer-Lambert law to allow for the transmittance of produced hadrons in the medium and calculate the anisotropy generated due to the suppression of particles traversing through the medium. In order to separate non-flow contribution due to surface bias effects, we ignore hydrodynamic expansion in the transverse direction and consider purely longitudinal boost-invariant expansion. We calculate the transverse momentum dependence of elliptic flow, generated from anisotropic escape mechanism due to surface bias effects, for various centralities in $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200$ GeV Au$+$Au collisions at RHIC and $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=2.76$ TeV Pb$+$Pb collisions at LHC. We find that the surface bias effects have a sizable contribution to the total elliptic flow observed in heavy-ion collisions indicating that the viscosity of the QCD matter extracted from hydrodynamic simulations may be underestimated.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2018

Relativistic fluid dynamics with spin

Using the conservation laws for charge, energy, momentum, and angular momentum, we derive hydrodynamic equations for the charge density, local temperature, and fluid velocity, as well as for the spin tensor, starting from local equilibrium distribution functions for particles and antiparticles with spin 1/2. The resulting set of differential equations extend the standard picture of perfect-fluid hydrodynamics with a conserved entropy current in a minimal way. This framework can be used in space-time analyzes of the evolution of spin and polarization in various physical systems including high-energy nuclear collisions. We demonstrate that a stationary vortex, which exhibits vorticity-spin alignment, corresponds to a special solution of the spin-hydrodynamical equations.

nucl-th↗
arXiv2017

Spin-dependent distribution functions for relativistic hydrodynamics of spin-1/2 particles

Recently advocated expressions for the phase-space dependent spin-1/2 density matrices of particles and antiparticles are analyzed in detail and reduced to the forms linear in the Dirac spin operator. This allows for a natural determination of the spin polarization vectors of particles and antiparticles by the trace of products of the spin density matrices and the Pauli matrices. We demonstrate that the total spin polarization vector obtained in this way agrees with the Pauli-Lubanski four-vector, constructed from an appropriately chosen spin tensor and boosted to the particle rest frame. We further show that several forms of the spin tensor used in the literature give the same Pauli-Lubanski four-vector.

nucl-th↗
arXiv2017

Quasiparticle second-order viscous hydrodynamics from kinetic theory

We present the derivation of second-order relativistic viscous hydrodynamics from an effective Boltzmann equation for a system consisting of quasiparticles of a single species. We consider temperature-dependent masses of the quasiparticles and devise a thermodynamically-consistent framework to formulate second-order evolution equations for shear and bulk viscous pressure corrections. The main advantage of this formulation is that one can consistently implement realistic equation of state of the medium within the framework of kinetic theory. Specializing to the case of one-dimensional purely-longitudinal boost-invariant expansion, we study the effect of this new formulation on viscous hydrodynamic evolution of strongly-interacting matter formed in relativistic heavy-ion collisions.

nucl-th↗
arXiv2016

Relativistic hydrodynamics in heavy-ion collisions: general aspects and recent developments

Relativistic hydrodynamics has been quite successful in explaining the collective behaviour of the QCD matter produced in high energy heavy-ion collisions at RHIC and LHC. We briefly review the latest developments in the hydrodynamical modeling of relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Essential ingredients of the model such as the hydrodynamic evolution equations, dissipation, initial conditions, equation of state, and freeze-out process are reviewed. We discuss observable quantities such as particle spectra and anisotropic flow and effect of viscosity on these observables. Recent developments such as event-by-event fluctuations, flow in small systems (proton-proton and proton-nucleus collisions), flow in ultra central collisions, longitudinal fluctuations and correlations and flow in intense magnetic field are also discussed.

nucl-th↗
arXiv2016

Weak and strong coupling limits of the Boltzmann equation in the relaxation-time approximation

We consider a momentum dependent relaxation time for the Boltzmann equation in the relaxation time approximation. We employ a power law parametrization for the momentum dependence of the relaxation time, and calculate the shear and bulk viscosity, as well as, the charge and heat conductivity. We show, that for the two popular parametrizations, referred to as the linear and quadratic ansatz, one can obtain transport coefficients which corresponds to the weak and strong coupling regimes, respectively. We also show that, for a system of massless particles with vanishing chemical potential, the off-equilibrium corrections to the phase-space distribution function calculated with the quadratic ansatz are identical with those of the Grad's 14-moment method.

nucl-th↗
arXiv2015

Relativistic second-order dissipative hydrodynamics at finite chemical potential

Starting from the Boltzmann equation in the relaxation time approximation and employing a Chapman-Enskog like expansion for the distribution function close to equilibrium, we derive second-order evolution equations for the shear stress tensor and the dissipative charge current for a system of massless quarks and gluons. The transport coefficients are obtained exactly using quantum statistics for the phase space distribution functions at non-zero chemical potential. We show that, within the relaxation time approximation, the second-order evolution equations for the shear stress tensor and the dissipative charge current can be decoupled. We find that, for large values of the ratio of chemical potential to temperature, the charge conductivity is small compared to the coefficient of shear viscosity. Moreover, we show that in the relaxation-time approximation, the limiting behaviour of the ratio of heat conductivity to shear viscosity is qualitatively similar to that obtained for a strongly coupled conformal plasma.

nucl-th↗
arXiv2015

A viscous blast-wave model for relativistic heavy-ion collisions

Using a viscosity-based survival scale for geometrical perturbations formed in the early stages of relativistic heavy-ion collisions, we model the radial flow velocity during freeze-out. Subsequently, we employ the Cooper-Frye freeze-out prescription, with first-order viscous corrections to the distribution function, to obtain the transverse momentum distribution of particle yields and flow harmonics. For initial eccentricities, we use the results of Monte Carlo Glauber model. We fix the blast-wave model parameters by fitting the transverse momentum spectra of identified particles at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and demonstrate that this leads to a fairly good agreement with transverse momentum distribution of elliptic and triangular flow for various centralities. Within this viscous blast-wave model, we estimate the shear viscosity to entropy density ratio $η/s\simeq 0.24$ at the LHC.

nucl-th↗
arXiv2015

Collective flow in event-by-event partonic transport plus hydrodynamics hybrid approach

Complete evolution of the strongly interacting matter formed in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions is studied within a coupled Boltzmann and relativistic viscous hydrodynamics approach. For the initial nonequilibrium evolution phase, we employ the AMPT model that explicitly includes event-by-event fluctuations in the number and positions of the participating nucleons as well as of the produced partons with subsequent parton transport. The ensuing near-equilibrium evolution of quark-gluon and hadronic matter is modeled within the (2+1)-dimensional viscous hydrodynamics. We probe the role of parton dynamics in generating and maintaining the spatial anisotropy in the preequilibrium phase. Substantial eccentricities epsilon_n are found to be generated in the event-by-event fluctuations in parton production from initial nucleon-nucleon collisions. For ultracentral heavy-ion collisions, the model is able to explain qualitatively the unexpected hierarchy of the harmonic flow coefficients v_n(p_T)(n=2-6) observed at LHC. We find that the results for v_n(p_T) are rather insensitive to the variation (within a range) of the time of switchover from AMPT parton transport to hydrodynamic evolution. The usual Grad and the recently proposed Chapman-Enskog-like (nonequilibrium) single-particle distribution functions are found to give very similar results for v_n(n=2-4). The model describes well both the RHIC and LHC data for v_n(p_T) at various centralities, with a constant shear viscosity to entropy density ratio of 0.08 and 0.12, respectively. The event-by-event distributions of v_{2,3} are in good agreement with the LHC data for midcentral collisions. The linear response relation v_n = k_n epsilon_n is found to be true for n=2,3, except at large values of epsilon_n, where a larger value of k_n is required, suggesting a small admixture of positive nonlinear response even for n=2,3.

nucl-th↗
arXiv2015

Relativistic quantum transport coefficients for second-order viscous hydrodynamics

We express the transport coefficients appearing in the second-order evolution equations for bulk viscous pressure and shear stress tensor using Bose-Einstein, Boltzmann, and Fermi-Dirac statistics for the equilibrium distribution function and Grad's 14-moment approximation as well as the method of Chapman-Enskog expansion for the non-equilibrium part. Specializing to the case of transversally homogeneous and boost-invariant longitudinal expansion of the viscous medium, we compare the results obtained using the above methods with those obtained from the exact solution of the massive 0+1d relativistic Boltzmann equation in the relaxation-time approximation. We show that compared to the 14-moment approximation, the hydrodynamic transport coefficients obtained by employing the Chapman-Enskog method leads to better agreement with the exact solution of the relativistic Boltzmann equation.

nucl-th↗
arXiv2015

Relativistic third-order viscous corrections to the entropy four-current from kinetic theory

By employing a Chapman-Enskog like iterative solution of the Boltzmann equation in relaxation-time approximation, we derive a new expression for the entropy four-current up to third order in gradient expansion. We show that unlike second-order and third-order entropy four-current obtained using Grad's method, there is a non-vanishing entropy flux in the present third-order expression. We further quantify the effect of the higher-order entropy density in the case of boost-invariant one-dimensional longitudinal expansion of a system. We demonstrate that the results obtained using third-order evolution equation for shear stress tensor, derived by employing the method of Chapman-Enskog expansion, show better agreement with the exact solution of the Boltzmann equation as well as with the parton cascade BAMPS, as compared to those obtained using the third-order equations from the method of Grad's 14-moment approximation.

nucl-th↗
arXiv2014

Relaxation-time approximation and relativistic third-order viscous hydrodynamics from kinetic theory

Using the iterative solution of Boltzmann equation in the relaxation-time approximation, the derivation of a third-order evolution equation for shear stress tensor is presented. To this end we first derive the expression for viscous corrections to the phase-space distribution function, $f(x,p)$, up to second-order in derivative expansion. The expression for $δf(x,p)$ obtained in this method does not lead to violation of the experimentally observed $1/\sqrt{m_T}$ scaling of the femtoscopic radii, as opposed to the widely used Grad's 14-moment approximation. Subsequently, we present the derivation of a third-order viscous evolution equation and demonstrate the significance of this derivation within one-dimensional scaling expansion. We show that results obtained using third-order evolution equations are in excellent accordance with the exact solution of Boltzmann equation as well as with transport results.

nucl-th↗
arXiv2014

Transport coefficients for bulk viscous evolution in the relaxation time approximation

We derive the form of the viscous corrections to the phase-space distribution function due to the bulk viscous pressure and shear stress tensor using the iterative Chapman-Enskog method. We then calculate the transport coefficients necessary for the second-order hydrodynamic evolution of the bulk viscous pressure and the shear stress tensor. We demonstrate that the transport coefficients obtained using the Chapman-Enskog method are different than those obtained previously using the 14-moment approximation for a finite particle mass. Specializing to the case of boost-invariant and transversally homogeneous longitudinal expansion, we show that the transport coefficients obtained using the Chapman-Enskog method result in better agreement with the exact solution of the Boltzmann equation in the relaxation-time approximation compared to results obtained in the 14-moment approximation. Finally, we explicitly confirm that the time evolution of the bulk viscous pressure is significantly affected by its coupling to the shear stress tensor.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2014

Formulation of relativistic dissipative fluid dynamics and its applications in heavy-ion collisions

Relativistic fluid dynamics finds application in astrophysics, cosmology and the physics of high-energy heavy-ion collisions. In this thesis, we present our work on the formulation of relativistic dissipative fluid dynamics within the framework of relativistic kinetic theory. We employ the second law of thermodynamics as well as the relativistic Boltzmann equation to obtain the dissipative evolution equations. We present a new derivation of the dissipative hydrodynamic equations using the second law of thermodynamics wherein all the second-order transport coefficients get determined uniquely within a single theoretical framework. An alternate derivation of the dissipative equations which does not make use of the two major approximations/assumptions namely, Grad's 14-moment approximation and second moment of Boltzmann equation, inherent in the Israel-Stewart theory, is also presented. Moreover, by solving the Boltzmann equation iteratively in a Chapman-Enskog like expansion, we have derived the form of second-order viscous corrections to the distribution function. Furthermore, a novel third-order evolution equation for shear stress tensor is derived. Finally, we generalize the collision term in the Boltzmann equation to include non-local effects. We find that the second-order dissipative equations derived using this modified Boltzmann equation contains all possible terms allowed by symmetry. In the case of one-dimensional scaling expansion, we demonstrate the numerical significance of these formulations on the evolution of the hot and dense matter created in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions. We also study the effect of these new formulations on particle (hadron and thermal dilepton) spectra and femtoscopic radii.

nucl-th↗
arXiv2014

Relativistic viscous hydrodynamics for heavy-ion collisions: A comparison between the Chapman-Enskog and Grad methods

Derivations of relativistic second-order dissipative hydrodynamic equations have relied almost exclusively on the use of Grad's 14-moment approximation to write $f(x,p)$, the nonequilibrium distribution function in the phase space. Here we consider an alternative Chapman-Enskog-like method, which, unlike Grad's, involves a small expansion parameter. We derive an expression for $f(x,p)$ to second order in this parameter. We show analytically that while Grad's method leads to the violation of the experimentally observed $1/\sqrt{m_T}$ scaling of the longitudinal femtoscopic radii, the alternative method does not exhibit such an unphysical behavior. We compare numerical results for hadron transverse-momentum spectra and femtoscopic radii obtained in these two methods, within the one-dimensional scaling expansion scenario. Moreover, we demonstrate a rapid convergence of the Chapman-Enskog-like expansion up to second order. This leads to an expression for $δf(x,p)$ which provides a better alternative to Grad's approximation for hydrodynamic modeling of relativistic heavy-ion collisions.

nucl-th↗