arXiv subjects

Amarjit Soni

Publications and source records attributed to Amarjit Soni.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources

arXiv2013

Lattice understanding of the Delta I=1/2 rule & some implications

After decades of intensive efforts, lattice methods finally revealed one clear source of the large enhancement of the ratio $Re A_0/Re A_2$ \cite{RBC_UKQCD_PRL13}, which has been a puzzle in particle physics for about sixty years. Lattice studies of direct $K \to ππ$ in the $I=2$ channel show that in fact this channel clearly suffers from a severe suppression due to a significant cancellation between the two amplitudes for the original, charged current (tree) operator. % [($\bar s_αγ_mu (1 - γ_5) u_α)(\bar u_βγ_mu(1-gamma_5)d_β$)], One of these amplitudes goes as N and the other one goes as $N^2$, where $N=3$ for QCD. For physical pion masses the cancellation between the two contributions towards $Re A_2$ is about $70\%$. This appreciable cancellation suggests that expectations from large N for QCD may be amenable to receiving significant corrections. The penguin operators seem to make a small contribution to $ReA_0$ at a scale $\gsim 1.5 GeV$. Possible repercussions of the lattice observation for other decays are briefly discussed.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2013

Searching for the Origin of CP violation in Cabibbo Suppressed D-meson Decays

The recent evidence of large direct CP violation in D0 decay at LHCb suggests that such CP studies may become an important avenue for understanding CP. In this paper, we make several suggestions to try to clarify the role of new physics in these results. We propose that the enhancement needed in the Standard Model to attribute the observed CP violation in D to two pseudoscalar modes may not operate for inclusive final states where asymmetries will likely approximate the quark level expectation. Experimentally testing this principle requires a search for CP asymmetries in final states containing K and K-bar with a total energy of less than M_D. We also propose that CP asymmetries may be enhanced in modes where the tree is color suppressed. In particular, the final state rho0 rho0 is of special interest; similarly Ds-> rho0 K+ and rho0 K*+ likewise appear interesting. We discuss how isospin symmetry yields observables sensitive to certain classes of new physics and suppressed in the Standard Model. Some modes considered in this context are D-> pi pi, rho pi, rho rho as well as Ds-> K* pi. We also consider how such analysis may eventually be supplemented by information about the weak phases in D0 decay. In order to obtain this information experimentally, we consider various methods for preparing an initial state which is a quantum mechanical mixture of D0 and D0-bar. This may be done through the use of natural D0 D0-bar oscillations; observing D0-mesons which arise from Bd or Bs mesons which themselves are oscillating or from quantum correlations in D0 pairs which arise from either psi" decay or B-meson decay. Observing CP violation in the magnitudes of decay amplitudes should be within the capability of experiments in the near future however obtaining the weak phases through the methods we discuss will likely require future generations of machines.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2013

Same-sign Tops: A Powerful Diagnostic Test for Models of New Physics

We study the connection between the same sign top (SST) and the top quark forward-backward asymmetry $A^t_{FB}$. We find that a large class of new physics models that have been proposed to account for the $A^t_{FB}$ lead to SST quark production rate much larger than the observed rate at the LHC and consequently are severely constrained or ruled out. Our model independent, general, operator analysis shows that none of the tree-level flavor-changing operators are able to explain $A^t_{FB}$ and simultaneously remain consistent with the same-sign top-quark production constraints from the LHC data.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2013

"Light" Higgs and warped models: Case for a Gigantic International Hadron Collider

The LHC seems to have made a monumental discovery, Higgs-like particle of mass around 125 GeV with properties akin to a Standard Model Higgs. In the context of a warped theory of flavor, which is theoretically very attractive, this suggests Kaluza-Klein particle masses are likely to be above 10 TeV except possibly for a radion. The interpretation of the SM-like Higgs from the perspective of other interesting beyond the SM scenarios is also likely that the relevant scale is higher than accessible to the LHC. In light of these developments, deeper understanding of flavor and other fundamental issues requires a gigantic international hadron collider [GIHC] perhaps with cm energy of $\approx$ 100 TeV \cite{2talks}. It is suggested that a {\it global effort} should be made for constructing this machine for resolving many questions that SM cannot answer.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2013

Top Pair Forward-Backward Asymmetry from Loops of New Strongly Coupled Quarks

We examine loop-mediated effects of new heavy quarks Q=(t',b') on t tbar production at hadron colliders, using a phenomenological model with flavor off-diagonal couplings of charged and neutral scalars phi=(phi^+-,phi^0) to Q. We show that an invariant-mass-dependent asymmetry, in the t tbar center of mass, consistent with those recently reported by the CDF collaboration can be obtained for quark masses around 350-500 GeV, scalar masses of order 100-200 GeV, and modest to strong Yukawa couplings. The requisite strong interactions suggest a non-perturbative electroweak symmetry breaking mechanism and composite states at the weak scale. A typical prediction of this framework is that the new heavy quarks decay dominantly into t phi final states.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2013

The Radion as a Harbinger of Deca-TeV Physics

Precision data generally require the threshold for physics beyond the Standard Model to be at the deca-TeV (10 TeV) scale or higher. This raises the question of whether there are interesting deca-TeV models for which the LHC may find direct clues. A possible scenario for such physics is a 5D warped model of fermion masses and mixing, with Kaluza-Klein masses m_KK ~ 10 TeV, allowing it to avoid tension with stringent constraints, especially from flavor data. Discovery of a Standard-Model-like Higgs boson, for which there are some hints at ~125 GeV at the LHC, would also require the KK masses to be at or above 10 TeV. These warped models generically predict the appearance of a much lighter radion scalar. We find that, in viable warped models of flavor, a radion with a mass of a few hundred GeV and an inverse coupling of order m_KK ~ 10 TeV could typically be accessible to the LHC experiments -- with sqrt(s) = 14 TeV and 100 fb^-1 of data. The above statements can be applied, mutatis mutandis, to 4D dual models, where conformal dynamics and a dilaton replace warping and the radion, respectively. Detection of such a light and narrow scalar could thus herald the proximity of a new physical threshold and motivate experiments that would directly probe the deca-TeV mass scale.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2013

$B_s\to D_s K$ as a Probe of CPT Violation

We discuss some possible signals of CPT violation in the $B_s$ system that may be probed at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). We show how one can construct combinations ofobservables coming from tagged and untagged decay rates of $B_s\to D_s^\pm K^\mp$ that can unambiguously differentiate between CPT violating and CPT conserving new physics (NP) models contributing in $B_s-\bar B_s$ mixing. We choose this particular mode as an illustrative example for two reasons: (i) In the Standard Model, there is only one decay amplitude, so it is easier to untangle any new physics; (ii) $B_s$ being a neutral meson, it is possible to unambiguously identify any sign of CPT violation that occurs only in mixing but not in decay. We define an observable which is useful to extract the CPT violating parameter in $B_s$ decay, and also discuss how far the results are applicable even if CPT violation is present in both mixing and decay.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2012

Fourth Generation Parity

We present a very simple 4th-generation (4G) model with an Abelian gauge interaction under which only the 4G fermions have nonzero charge. The U(1) gauge symmetry can have a Z_2 residual discrete symmetry (4G-parity), which can stabilize the lightest 4G particle (L4P). When the 4G neutrino is the L4P, it would be a neutral and stable particle and the other 4G fermions would decay into the L4P leaving the trace of missing energy plus the standard model fermions. Because of the new symmetry, the 4G particle creation and decay modes are different from those of the sequential 4G model, and the 4G particles can be appreciably lighter than typical experimental bounds.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2012

Two Higgs doublets, a 4th generation and a 125 GeV Higgs: a review

We review the possible role that multi-Higgs models may play in our understanding of the dynamics of a heavy 4th sequential generation of fermions. We describe the underlying ingredients of such models, focusing on two Higgs doublets, and discuss how they may effectively accommodate the low energy phenomenology of such new heavy fermionic degrees of freedom. We also discuss the constraints on these models from precision electroweak data as well as from flavor physics and the implications for collider searches of the Higgs particles and of the 4th generation fermions, bearing in mind the recent observation of a light Higgs with a mass of ~125 GeV.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2012

Nonperturbative tuning of an improved relativistic heavy-quark action with application to bottom spectroscopy

We calculate the masses of bottom mesons using an improved relativistic action for the b-quarks and the RBC/UKQCD Iwasaki gauge configurations with 2+1 flavors of dynamical domain-wall light quarks. We analyze configurations with two lattice spacings: a^{-1} = 1.729 GeV (a ~ 0.11 fm) and a^{-1} = 2.281 GeV (a ~ 0.086 fm). We use an anisotropic, clover-improved Wilson action for the b-quark, and tune the three parameters of the action nonperturbatively such that they reproduce the experimental values of the B_s and B_s* heavy-light meson states. The masses and mass-splittings of the low-lying bottomonium states (such as the eta_b and Upsilon) can then be computed with no additional inputs, and comparison between these predictions and experiment provides a test of the validity of our method. We obtain bottomonium masses with total uncertainties of ~0.5-0.6% and fine-structure splittings with uncertainties of ~35-45%; for all cases we find good agreement with experiment. The parameters of the relativistic heavy-quark action tuned for b-quarks presented in this work can be used for precise calculations of weak matrix elements such as B-meson decay constants and mixing parameters with lattice discretization errors that are of the same size as in light pseudoscalar meson quantities. This general method can also be used for charmed meson masses and matrix elements if the parameters of the heavy-quark action are appropriately tuned.

hep-lat↗

arXiv2012

Precocious Diphoton Signals of the Little Radion at Hadron Colliders

In Little Randall-Sundrum models, the bulk couplings of the radion to massless gauge fields can yield a greatly enhanced diphoton signal at hadron colliders. We examine the implications of the Tevatron data for the Little radion and also show that the 7 TeV run at the Large Hadron Collider will have an impressive reach in this channel. The diphoton signal is crucial in the search for a light radion, or the dual dilaton, and can potentially probe the ultraviolet scale of the theory.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2012

Possible lattice approach to B to D pi (K) matrix elements

We present an approach for computing the real parts of the nonleptonic B to DP and B to D-bar P (P=K,pi) decay amplitudes by using lattice QCD methods. While it remains very challenging to calculate the imaginary parts of these matrix elements on the lattice, we stress that their real parts play a significant role in extracting the angle gamma in the b-d unitarity triangle of the CKM matrix. The real part on its own gives a lower bound to the absolute magnitude of the amplitude which is in itself an important constraint for determining gamma. Also the relevant phase can be obtained by using B-decays in conjunction with relevant charm decay data. Direct four-point function calculations on the lattice, while computationally demanding, does yield the real part as that is not impeded by the Maiani-Testa theorem. As an approximation, we argue that the chiral expansion of these decays is valid in a framework similar to that of hard-pion chiral perturbation theory. In addition to constructing the leading-order operators, we also discuss the features of the next-to-leading order chiral expansion. These include the contributions from the resonance states, as well as the generic forms of the chiral logarithms.

hep-lat↗

arXiv2012

Repercussions of Flavour Symmetry Breaking on CP Violation in D-Meson Decays

We investigate to what extent the recently measured value for a non-vanishing direct CP asymmetry in D0 -> K+ K- and D0 -> pi+ pi- decays can be accommodated in the Standard Model (SM) or extensions with a constrained flavour sector, for instance from a sequential 4th generation of quarks (4G). From the comparison with D0 -> K- pi+ branching ratios, we establish large U-spin symmetry (d <-> s) breaking effects with large strong phases between different interfering amplitudes. On the basis of conservative estimates on amplitude ratios - which are supported by an analysis of the breaking of a (c <-> u) symmetry in non-leptonic B0 decays - we find that, in the SM, direct CP asymmetries in the pi+ pi- or K+ K- modes (or in their difference) of the order of several per mille are still plausible. Due to the constraints on the new CP phases in the 4G model, only moderate effects compared to the SM estimates are possible. We suggest CP studies at LHCb as well as at (Super)B-factories of several distinctive modes, such as D+ -> Kbar(*)0 pi+, phi pi+ and Ds -> K(*)0 pi+, phi pi+ (K+) etc., which should shed more light on the short- and long-distance issues underlying CP violation in non-leptonic D-meson decays.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2011

Muon g-2 and lepton flavor violation in a two Higgs doublets model for the fourth generation

In the minimal Standard Model (SM) with four generations (the so called SM4) and in "standard" two Higgs doublets model (2HDM) setups, e.g., the type II 2HDM with four fermion generations, the contribution of the 4th family heavy leptons to the muon magnetic moment is suppressed and cannot accommodate the measured $ \sim 3 σ$ access with respect to the SM prediction. We show that in a 2HDM for the 4th generation (the 4G2HDM), which we view as a low energy effective theory for dynamical electroweak symmetry breaking, with one of the Higgs doublets coupling only to the 4th family leptons and quarks (thus effectively addressing their large masses), the loop exchanges of the heavy 4th generation neutrino can account for the measured value of the muon anomalous magnetic moment. We also discuss the sensitivity of the lepton flavor violating decays $μ\to e γ$ and $τ\to μγ$ and of the decay $B_s \to μμ$ to the new couplings which control the muon g-2 in our model.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2011

Chiral expansion for lattice computations of B^{+} to D^{0}K^{+} (π^{+}) and B^{+} to Dbar^{0} K^{+} (π^{+}) amplitudes

In this work, we suggest that hard-pion chiral perturbation theory may be applicable to the real parts of nonleptonic B^{+} to D^{0}P^{+} and B^{+} to Dbar^{0}P^{+} (P=K,pi) decay amplitudes. These amplitudes play an important role in the extraction of the angle gamma in the b-d unitarity triangle of the CKM matrix, and their real parts can be computed using lattice QCD. We construct the leading-order operator in the chiral expansion for these nonleptonic decays, and discuss the generic features of the next-to-leading-order terms.

hep-lat↗

arXiv2011

Neutrino dark matter candidate in fourth generation scenarios

We overview the constraints on the 4th-generation neutrino dark matter candidate and investigate a possible way to make it a viable dark matter candidate. Given the LEP constraints tell us that the 4th-generation neutrino has to be rather heavy (> M_Z/2), in sharp contrast to the other three neutrinos, the underlying nature of the 4th-generation neutrino is expected to be different. We suggest that an additional gauge symmetry B-4L_4 distinguishes it from the Standard Model's three lighter neutrinos and this also facilitates promotion of the 4th-generation predominantly right-handed neutrino to a good cold dark matter candidate. It provides distinguishable predictions for the dark matter direct detection and the Large Hadron Collider experiments.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2011

Detecting Fourth Generation Quarks at Hadron Colliders

We consider the phenomenology of the fourth generation heavy quarks which would be pair produced at the LHC. We show that if such a quark with a mass in the phenomenologically interesting range of 400 GeV--600 GeV decays to a light quark and a W-boson, it will produce a signal in a number of channels which can be seen above the background from the three generation Standard Model processes. In particular, such quarks could be seen in channels where multiple jets are present with large missing momentum and either a single hard lepton, an opposite sign hard lepton pair or a same sign lepton pair. In the same sign dilepton channel there is little background and so an excess of such pairs at large invariant mass will indicate the presence of heavy down type quarks. More generally, in our study, the main tool we use to determine the mass of the heavy quark in each of the channels we consider is to use the kinematics of the decay of such quarks to resolve the momenta of the unobserved neutrinos. We show how this can be carried out, even in cases where the kinematics is under-determined by use of the approximation, which holds quite well, that the two heavy quarks are nearly at rest in the center of mass frame. Since it is very likely that at least the lightest heavy quark decays in the mode we consider, this means that it should be observed at the LHC. Indeed, it is expected that the mass splitting between the quarks is less than $m_W$ so that if the Cabbibo-Kobayshi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix element between the fourth and lower generations are not too small, both members of the fourth generation quark doublet will decay in this way. If this is so, the combined signal of these two quarks will make the signal for the fourth generation somewhat more prominent.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2011

Two Higgs doublets with 4th generation fermions - models for TeV-scale compositeness

We construct a class of two Higgs doublets models with a 4th sequential generation of fermions that may effectively accommodate the low energy characteristics and phenomenology of a dynamical electroweak symmetry breaking scenario which is triggered by the condensates of the 4th family fermions. In particular, we single out the heavy quarks by coupling the "heavier" Higgs doublet (Φ_h) which possesses a much larger VEV only to them while the "lighter" doublet (Φ_l) couples only to the light fermions. We study the constraints on these models from precision electroweak data as well as from flavor data. We also discuss some distinct new features that have direct consequences on the production and decays of the 4th family quarks and leptons in high energy colliders; in particular the conventional search strategies for t' and b' may need to be significantly revised.

hep-ph↗