arXiv subjects

Amirsaeid Safari

Publications and source records attributed to Amirsaeid Safari.

6 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Predicted-Flow Control Barrier Functions for Non-Control-Affine Systems

Control barrier functions (CBFs) enforce safety through conditions imposed pointwise in time without consideration of state evolution over a future horizon. Thus, CBF-based controls are typically myopic. Predicted-flow CBFs (P-CBFs) generalize CBFs from a function of the current state to a functional of the predicted flow under a parametrized control. P-CBFs can certify safety over the entire prediction horizon while simultaneously allowing for performance optimization over the horizon. However, prior work with P-CBFs only applies to control-affine systems, and suffers from a limitation where the prediction horizon can shrink or even vanish. This article addresses both of these shortcomings by introducing a planning control that smoothly transitions from a parametric plan to a backup control (if needed) and a time-shift parameter that determines if transition is needed. The evolution of the control-plan and time-shift parameters is determined from a single guaranteed-feasible convex optimization, which reduces to a quadratic program (QP) if the control limits are a convex polyhedron. The real-time executed control is determined from the instantaneous planning control and time shift. This method simultaneously addresses safety certification and performance optimization over the fixed prediction horizon. The approach is compared to nonlinear model predictive control in simulation of an autonomous car navigating a dense obstacle environment.

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arXiv2026

Predicted-Flow Control Barrier Functions for Real-Time Safe Optimal Control

Control barrier functions (CBFs) provide real-time safety guarantees through pointwise conditions on the state. However, synthesizing a valid CBF is difficult and the resulting controllers are myopic. To address myopia, this article introduces predicted-flow control barrier functions (P-CBFs), which generalize the CBF from a function of the current state to a functional of a predicted flow under a parametrized control plan over a finite prediction horizon. For safety, a P-CBF can certify that the predicted flow is in a safe set over the entire prediction horizon. However, candidate P-CBFs suffer from the same challenge as candidate CBFs, namely, control constraints make it difficult to guarantee that the P-CBF is valid. This article resolves this challenge by introducing a terminal candidate P-CBF requiring that the predicted flow end in a backup safe set at the terminal time, and a planning-time shift that modulates the prediction horizon, providing an additional degree of freedom to ensure feasibility. The real-time control and the evolution of the control-plan parameter and planning-time shift are determined jointly by a single convex optimization that is guaranteed to be feasible and renders the associated safe set forward invariant. The resulting safe optimal flow control provides a safety certificate over the entire prediction horizon and unifies finite-horizon integral-cost optimization with safety certification. This optimization reduces to a quadratic program (QP) if the control constraints are a convex polytope. The QP implementation, termed FlowBarrier, is validated on a nonholonomic ground robot navigating a dense environment. FlowBarrier is compared to nonlinear model predictive control and two CBF-based safety filter methods across 100 trials, where FlowBarrier achieves the highest goal-reaching rate, zero safety violations, and the lowest computation time.

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arXiv2025

Time-Varying Soft-Maximum Barrier Functions for Safety in Unmapped and Dynamic Environments

We present a closed-form optimal feedback control method that ensures safety in an a prior unknown and potentially dynamic environment. This article considers the scenario where local perception data (e.g., LiDAR) is obtained periodically, and this data can be used to construct a local control barrier function (CBF) that models a local set that is safe for a period of time into the future. Then, we use a smooth time-varying soft-maximum function to compose the N most recently obtained local CBFs into a single barrier function that models an approximate union of the N most recently obtained local sets. This composite barrier function is used in a constrained quadratic optimization, which is solved in closed form to obtain a safe-and-optimal feedback control. We also apply the time-varying soft-maximum barrier function control to 2 robotic systems (nonholonomic ground robot with nonnegligible inertia, and quadrotor robot), where the objective is to navigate an a priori unknown environment safely and reach a target destination. In these applications, we present a simple approach to generate local CBFs from periodically obtained perception data.

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arXiv2025

Safe Navigation in Unmapped Environments for Robotic Systems with Input Constraints

This paper presents an approach for navigation and control in unmapped environments under input and state constraints using a composite control barrier function (CBF). We consider the scenario where real-time perception feedback (e.g., LiDAR) is used online to construct a local CBF that models local state constraints (e.g., local safety constraints such as obstacles) in the a priori unmapped environment. The approach employs a soft-maximum function to synthesize a single time-varying CBF from the N most recently obtained local CBFs. Next, the input constraints are transformed into controller-state constraints through the use of control dynamics. Then, we use a soft-minimum function to compose the input constraints with the time-varying CBF that models the a priori unmapped environment. This composition yields a single relaxed CBF, which is used in a constrained optimization to obtain an optimal control that satisfies the state and input constraints. The approach is validated through simulations of a nonholonomic ground robot that is equipped with LiDAR and navigates an unmapped environment. The robot successfully navigates the environment while avoiding the a priori unmapped obstacles and satisfying both speed and input constraints.

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arXiv2024

Safe Exploration in Reinforcement Learning: Training Backup Control Barrier Functions with Zero Training Time Safety Violations

This paper introduces the reinforcement learning backup shield (RLBUS), an algorithm that guarantees safe exploration in reinforcement learning (RL) by incorporating backup control barrier functions (BCBFs). RLBUS constructs an implicit control forward invariant subset of the safe set using multiple backup policies, ensuring safety in the presence of input constraints. While traditional BCBFs often result in conservative control forward-invariant sets due to the design of backup controllers, RLBUS addresses this limitation by leveraging model-free RL to train an additional backup policy, which enlarges the identified control forward invariant subset of the safe set. This approach enables the exploration of larger regions in the state space with zero safety violations during training. The effectiveness of RLBUS is demonstrated on an inverted pendulum example, where the expanded invariant set allows for safe exploration over a broader state space, enhancing performance without compromising safety.

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arXiv2024

Time-Varying Soft-Maximum Control Barrier Functions for Safety in an A Priori Unknown Environment

This paper presents a time-varying soft-maximum composite control barrier function (CBF) that can be used to ensure safety in an a priori unknown environment, where local perception information regarding the safe set is periodically obtained. We consider the scenario where the periodically obtained perception feedback can be used to construct a local CBF that models a local subset of the unknown safe set. Then, we use a novel smooth time-varying soft-maximum function to compose the N most recently obtained local CBFs into a single CBF. This composite CBF models an approximate union of the N most recently obtained local subsets of the safe set. Notably, this composite CBF can have arbitrary relative degree r. Next, this composite CBF is used as a rth-order CBF constraint in a real-time optimization to determine a control that minimizes a quadratic cost while guaranteeing that the state stays in a time-varying subset of the unknown safe set. We also present an application of the time-varying soft-maximum composite CBF method to a nonholonomic ground robot with nonnegligible inertia. In this application, we present a simple approach to generate the local CBFs from the periodically obtained perception data.

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