arXiv subjects

An-Lun Wu

Publications and source records attributed to An-Lun Wu.

3 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Deep Learning-assisted AMD Staging based on OCT and OCT Angiography

To develop and evaluate deep learning models for automated grading of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) severity using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) data. Two hundred seventy-one participants aged >= 50 years with varying AMD severities. Central macular 6 x 6 mm OCT/OCTA volumes were acquired using a swept-source OCTA system (SOLIX; Visionix/Optovue Inc., CA). AMD severity was graded into four stages (No AMD, Early AMD, Intermediate AMD, and Advanced AMD) according to the AREDS simplified severity scale. Three deep learning models were developed using different input modalities: (1) biomarker maps derived from segmented pathological features, including retinal fluid, drusen, geographic atrophy (GA), and macular neovascularization (MNV); (2) two-dimensional (2D) en face OCT and OCTA projections; and (3) three-dimensional (3D) OCT/OCTA volumes. EfficientNet-based architectures were trained using normalized inputs, data augmentation, and five-fold cross-validation. A total of 2,030 OCT/OCTA volumes from 351 eyes of 271 participants were analyzed. All models demonstrated strong AMD staging performance with substantial agreement with the reference standard (QWK >= 0.83). The biomarker-based model achieved the highest overall performance (QWK = 0.85 +/- 0.03, mean +/- standard deviation) and the best detection of early AMD (F1-score = 0.59 +/- 0.14). The 3D model achieved performance comparable to the 2D OCT/OCTA model (QWK = 0.83 +/- 0.04 vs. 0.83 +/- 0.09), while the 2D OCT/OCTA model showed the highest precision (0.79 +/- 0.06) and most accurately identified eyes without AMD. Deep learning models using OCT/OCTA data can accurately and automatically grade AMD severity. Among the evaluated approaches, the biomarker-based model provided the most balanced performance and showed particular value for early AMD detection.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2026

Robust Detection of Retinal Neovascularization in Widefield Optical Coherence Tomography

Retinal neovascularization (RNV) is a vision threatening development in diabetic retinopathy (DR). Vision loss associated with RNV is preventable with timely intervention, making RNV clinical screening and monitoring a priority. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography (OCTA) provides high-resolution imaging and high-sensitivity detection of RNV lesions. With recent commercial devices introducing widefield OCTA imaging to the clinic, the technology stands to improve early detection of RNV pathology. However, to meet clinical requirements these imaging capabilities must be combined with effective RNV detection and quantification, but existing algorithms for OCTA images are optimized for conventional, i.e. narrow, fields of view. Here, we present a novel approach for RNV diagnosis and staging on widefield OCT/OCTA. Unlike conventional methods dependent on multi-layer retinal segmentation, our model reframes RNV identification as a direct binary localization task. Our fully automated approach was trained and validated on 589 widefield scans (17x17-mm to 26x21-mm) collected from multiple devices at multiple clinics. Our method achieved a device-dependent area under curve (AUC) ranging from 0.96 to 0.99 for RNV diagnosis, and mean intersection over union (IOU) ranging from 0.76 to 0.88 for segmentation. We also demonstrate our method's ability to monitor lesion growth longitudinally. Our results indicate that deep learning-based analysis for widefield OCTA images could offer a valuable means for improving RNV screening and management.

eess.IV↗

arXiv2025

AI-derived layer-specific OCT biomarkers for classification of geographic atrophy

Geographic atrophy (GA) is a key biomarker of dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) traditionally identified through color fundus photography. Hyper-transmission defects (hyperTDs), a feature highly correlated with GA, have recently gained prominence in optical coherence tomography (OCT) research. OCT offers cross-sectional imaging of the retina, leading to the development of the terms complete retinal pigment epithelium and outer retinal atrophy (cRORA) to describe specific patterns of structural degeneration. Within the definitions of cRORA three critical lesions are implicated: inner nuclear layer and outer plexiform layer (INL-OPL) subsidence, ellipsoid zone and retinal pigment epithelium (EZ-RPE) disruption, and hyperTDs. To enable the automated quantification of retinal atrophy progression, we propose an AI-based model that segments INL-OPL subsidence, EZ-RPE disruption, and hyperTDs. Additionally, we developed an algorithm that leverages these segmentation results to distinguish cRORA from hyperTDs in the absence of GA. We evaluated our approach on a comprehensive dataset of eyes with AMD and healthy eyes, achieving mean voxel-level F1-scores of 0.76/0.13 (mean/standard deviation) for INL-OPL subsidence, 0.64/0.15 for EZ-RPE disruption, and 0.69/0.04 for hyperTDs. For distinguishing cRORA from hyperTDs, we achieved an average pixel-level F1-score of 0.80/0.12 for segment cRORA from hyperTDs. This method demonstrates significant advances in the quantitative analysis of retinal atrophy, offering a promising tool for improved AMD diagnosis and disease progression monitoring.

q-bio.QM↗