Co-evolution of bar and spiral arms in TNG50 simulations using Information Theory
Using Information Theory, we investigate the co-evolution of bars and spiral arms in barred-spiral galaxies from the cosmological magneto-hydrodynamic Illustris TNG50 simulations. We first calculate Mutual Information (MI) between a structural or kinematic parameter of the bar (bar strength $A_{2bar}$, bar length $r_{bar}$, bar pattern speed $Ω$) and that of a spiral arm (spiral strength $A_{2spiral}$, spiral arm pitch angle $Ψ$). We calculate MI in two different galaxy samples: (i) one forming bars before spirals (ii) other forming spirals before bars. We note, spirals form immediately after bars in the first sample, whereas bars form 1.7 Gyrs after spirals in the second. We find a high mean MI value in each of these samples (0.4 - 0.5), and in the combined sample (0.4-0.8), confirming a fair degree of association of the bar and the spiral arm. To identify whether the bar or the spiral arm effectively drives their co-evolution, we calculate the Transfer Entropy (TE) (bar-to-spiral TE, spiral-to-bar TE), from the time series data of each of the above bar-spiral parameter pairs. We find that the median bar-to-spiral TE and spiral-to-bar TE values vary between $ 0.33$ and $ 0.42$ for each galaxy sample, comparable to those of the combined sample. A similar trend was observed in our calculated Liang information flow rates. Our novel approach may possibly indicate that the bar and the spiral arm regulate their co-evolution on an equal footing.