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Andong Wang

Publications and source records attributed to Andong Wang.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

SR-Edit: Region-Aware Image Editing via Self-Refinement

With the recent rapid progress in generative models, image editing has made remarkable advances, yet achieving faithful edits that precisely modify only the target regions while strictly preserving all other regions remains challenging. Since externally provided region annotations are often difficult to obtain in practice, a growing body of work seeks to improve preservation by automatically inferring edit and non-edit regions, and then enforcing consistency on the latter. However, these approaches still suffer from inaccurate region estimation and heuristic correction strategies that distort the native inference process, making methods designed for fidelity themselves a new source of artifacts. We propose SR-Edit, an image editing framework that overcomes these issues via iterative self-refinement. Specifically, at each iteration, SR-Edit first (i) extracts progressively precise and self-consistent region separation from the model's own predictions by lightweight post-processing, and then (ii) enforces preservation in non-edit areas through correction updates that remain aligned with the original sampling dynamics. Extensive experiments demonstrate that SR-Edit achieves superior preservation and overall image quality compared to existing editing techniques.

cs.CV↗

FreeSonic: Training-Free Temporal-Aware Decoupled Attention for Precise Audio Editing

Text-to-audio (TTA) generation has made significant strides, yet achieving precise and consistent audio editing remains a major challenge. However, existing methods struggle to balance temporal consistency with background preservation. In this paper, we propose FreeSonic, a training-free framework leveraging the state-of-the-art Rectified Flow-based TangoFlux model. FreeSonic utilizes an optimized inversion-reverse process and joint text-audio attention maps for precise target segment extraction. For content editing, a novel scheduled attention decoupling confines modifications to target regions while preserving original acoustic context. Furthermore, task-oriented noise injection enhances versatility for tasks such as audio removal and non-rigid replacement. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that FreeSonic achieves a superior balance by providing a high-fidelity and efficient solution for precise and consistent audio editing. Project and demos: https://free-sonic.github.io/

cs.SD↗

Terrestrial Matter Effects on Reactor Antineutrino Oscillations: Constant vs. Fluctuated Density Profiles

The JUNO Collaboration has recently released its first reactor antineutrino oscillation result, achieving unprecedented precision in the measurement of $Δm^2_{21}$ and $\sin^2θ_{12}$. We emphasize that the accurate determination and modeling of the terrestrial matter density profile are fundamental for extracting the oscillation parameters and probing the neutrino mass ordering. This paper presents a realistic piecewise-constant model for the shallow crustal density profile along the baselines from Taishan and Yangjiang to the experimental hall, based on geological and petrophysical information. The uncertainty in the density profiles arises from variations in the density and length of each segment, both of which are conservatively estimated to be 10%. A careful comparison of constant and fluctuated density profiles is provided and the implications for the precision measurement of oscillation parameters are discussed. Finally, we also discuss the prospect of shallow crust tomography in future reactor neutrino experiments.

hep-ph↗

A reconfigurable arbitrary retarder array as complex structured matter

Tuneable retarder arrays, such as spatially patterned liquid crystal devices, have given rise to impressive photonic functionality, fuelling diverse applications ranging from microscopy and holography to encryption and communications. Presently these solutions are limited by the controllable degrees of freedom of structured matter, hindering applications that demand photonic systems with high flexibility and reconfigurable topologies. Here we demonstrate a compound modulator that implements a synthetic tuneable arbitrary retarder array as virtual pixels derived by cascading low functionality tuneable devices, realising full dynamic control of its arbitrary elliptical axis geometry, retardance value, and induced phase. Our approach offers unprecedented functionality that is user-defined and possesses high flexibility, allowing our modulator to act as a new beam generator, analyser, and corrector, opening an exciting path to tuneable topologies of light and matter.

physics.optics↗

HunyuanVideo: A Systematic Framework For Large Video Generative Models

Recent advancements in video generation have significantly impacted daily life for both individuals and industries. However, the leading video generation models remain closed-source, resulting in a notable performance gap between industry capabilities and those available to the public. In this report, we introduce HunyuanVideo, an innovative open-source video foundation model that demonstrates performance in video generation comparable to, or even surpassing, that of leading closed-source models. HunyuanVideo encompasses a comprehensive framework that integrates several key elements, including data curation, advanced architectural design, progressive model scaling and training, and an efficient infrastructure tailored for large-scale model training and inference. As a result, we successfully trained a video generative model with over 13 billion parameters, making it the largest among all open-source models. We conducted extensive experiments and implemented a series of targeted designs to ensure high visual quality, motion dynamics, text-video alignment, and advanced filming techniques. According to evaluations by professionals, HunyuanVideo outperforms previous state-of-the-art models, including Runway Gen-3, Luma 1.6, and three top-performing Chinese video generative models. By releasing the code for the foundation model and its applications, we aim to bridge the gap between closed-source and open-source communities. This initiative will empower individuals within the community to experiment with their ideas, fostering a more dynamic and vibrant video generation ecosystem. The code is publicly available at https://github.com/Tencent/HunyuanVideo.

cs.CV↗

Towards Multiple Character Image Animation Through Enhancing Implicit Decoupling

Controllable character image animation has a wide range of applications. Although existing studies have consistently improved performance, challenges persist in the field of character image animation, particularly concerning stability in complex backgrounds and tasks involving multiple characters. To address these challenges, we propose a novel multi-condition guided framework for character image animation, employing several well-designed input modules to enhance the implicit decoupling capability of the model. First, the optical flow guider calculates the background optical flow map as guidance information, which enables the model to implicitly learn to decouple the background motion into background constants and background momentum during training, and generate a stable background by setting zero background momentum during inference. Second, the depth order guider calculates the order map of the characters, which transforms the depth information into the positional information of multiple characters. This facilitates the implicit learning of decoupling different characters, especially in accurately separating the occluded body parts of multiple characters. Third, the reference pose map is input to enhance the ability to decouple character texture and pose information in the reference image. Furthermore, to fill the gap of fair evaluation of multi-character image animation, we propose a new benchmark comprising about 4,000 frames. Extensive qualitative and quantitative evaluations demonstrate that our method excels in generating high-quality character animations, especially in scenarios of complex backgrounds and multiple characters.

cs.CV↗

Transfer Learning for Individualized Treatment Rules: Application to Sepsis Patients Data from eICU-CRD and MIMIC-III Databases

Modern precision medicine aims to utilize real-world data to provide the best treatment for an individual patient. An individualized treatment rule (ITR) maps each patient's characteristics to a recommended treatment scheme that maximizes the expected outcome of the patient. A challenge precision medicine faces is population heterogeneity, as studies on treatment effects are often conducted on source populations that differ from the populations of interest in terms of the distribution of patient characteristics. Our research goal is to explore a transfer learning algorithm that aims to address the population heterogeneity problem and obtain targeted, optimal, and interpretable ITRs. The algorithm incorporates a calibrated augmented inverse probability weighting (CAIPW) estimator for the average treatment effect (ATE) and employs value function maximization for the target population using Genetic Algorithm (GA) to produce our desired ITR. To demonstrate its practical utility, we apply this transfer learning algorithm to two large medical databases, Electronic Intensive Care Unit Collaborative Research Database (eICU-CRD) and Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III (MIMIC-III). We first identify the important covariates, treatment options, and outcomes of interest based on the two databases, and then estimate the optimal linear ITRs for patients with sepsis. Our research introduces and applies new techniques for data fusion to obtain data-driven ITRs that cater to patients' individual medical needs in a population of interest. By emphasizing generalizability and personalized decision-making, this methodology extends its potential application beyond medicine to fields such as marketing, technology, social sciences, and education.

stat.AP↗

SOK-Bench: A Situated Video Reasoning Benchmark with Aligned Open-World Knowledge

Learning commonsense reasoning from visual contexts and scenes in real-world is a crucial step toward advanced artificial intelligence. However, existing video reasoning benchmarks are still inadequate since they were mainly designed for factual or situated reasoning and rarely involve broader knowledge in the real world. Our work aims to delve deeper into reasoning evaluations, specifically within dynamic, open-world, and structured context knowledge. We propose a new benchmark (SOK-Bench), consisting of 44K questions and 10K situations with instance-level annotations depicted in the videos. The reasoning process is required to understand and apply situated knowledge and general knowledge for problem-solving. To create such a dataset, we propose an automatic and scalable generation method to generate question-answer pairs, knowledge graphs, and rationales by instructing the combinations of LLMs and MLLMs. Concretely, we first extract observable situated entities, relations, and processes from videos for situated knowledge and then extend to open-world knowledge beyond the visible content. The task generation is facilitated through multiple dialogues as iterations and subsequently corrected and refined by our designed self-promptings and demonstrations. With a corpus of both explicit situated facts and implicit commonsense, we generate associated question-answer pairs and reasoning processes, finally followed by manual reviews for quality assurance. We evaluated recent mainstream large vision-language models on the benchmark and found several insightful conclusions. For more information, please refer to our benchmark at www.bobbywu.com/SOKBench.

cs.CV↗

Follow-Your-Click: Open-domain Regional Image Animation via Short Prompts

Despite recent advances in image-to-video generation, better controllability and local animation are less explored. Most existing image-to-video methods are not locally aware and tend to move the entire scene. However, human artists may need to control the movement of different objects or regions. Additionally, current I2V methods require users not only to describe the target motion but also to provide redundant detailed descriptions of frame contents. These two issues hinder the practical utilization of current I2V tools. In this paper, we propose a practical framework, named Follow-Your-Click, to achieve image animation with a simple user click (for specifying what to move) and a short motion prompt (for specifying how to move). Technically, we propose the first-frame masking strategy, which significantly improves the video generation quality, and a motion-augmented module equipped with a short motion prompt dataset to improve the short prompt following abilities of our model. To further control the motion speed, we propose flow-based motion magnitude control to control the speed of target movement more precisely. Our framework has simpler yet precise user control and better generation performance than previous methods. Extensive experiments compared with 7 baselines, including both commercial tools and research methods on 8 metrics, suggest the superiority of our approach. Project Page: https://follow-your-click.github.io/

cs.CV↗

Expected geoneutrino signal at JUNO using local integrated 3-D refined crustal model

Geoneutrinos serve as a potent tool for comprehending the radiogenic power and composition of Earth. Although geoneutrinos have been observed in prior experiments, the forthcoming generation of experiments,such as JUNO, will be necessary for fully harnessing their potential. Precise prediction of the crustal contribution is vital for interpreting particlephysics measurements in the context of geo-scientific inquiries. Nonetheless, existing models such as JULOC and GIGJ have limitations in accurately forecasting the crustal contribution. This paper introduces JULOCI, the novel 3-D integrated crustal model of JUNO, which employs seismic, gravity, rock sample, and heat flow data to precisely estimate the geoneutrino signal of the lithosphere. The model indicates elevated concentrations of uranium and thorium in southern China, resulting in unexpectedly strong geoneutrino signals.The accuracy of JULOC-I, coupled with a decade of experimental data, affords JUNO the opportunity to test multiple mantle models. Once operational, JUNO can validate the model predictions and enhance the precision of mantle measurements. All in all, the improved accuracy ofJULOC-I represents a substantial stride towards comprehending the geochemical distribution of the South China crust, offering a valuable tool for investigating the composition and evolution of the Earth through geoneutrinos.

physics.geo-ph↗

Transformed Low-Rank Parameterization Can Help Robust Generalization for Tensor Neural Networks

Achieving efficient and robust multi-channel data learning is a challenging task in data science. By exploiting low-rankness in the transformed domain, i.e., transformed low-rankness, tensor Singular Value Decomposition (t-SVD) has achieved extensive success in multi-channel data representation and has recently been extended to function representation such as Neural Networks with t-product layers (t-NNs). However, it still remains unclear how t-SVD theoretically affects the learning behavior of t-NNs. This paper is the first to answer this question by deriving the upper bounds of the generalization error of both standard and adversarially trained t-NNs. It reveals that the t-NNs compressed by exact transformed low-rank parameterization can achieve a sharper adversarial generalization bound. In practice, although t-NNs rarely have exactly transformed low-rank weights, our analysis further shows that by adversarial training with gradient flow (GF), the over-parameterized t-NNs with ReLU activations are trained with implicit regularization towards transformed low-rank parameterization under certain conditions. We also establish adversarial generalization bounds for t-NNs with approximately transformed low-rank weights. Our analysis indicates that the transformed low-rank parameterization can promisingly enhance robust generalization for t-NNs.

cs.LG↗

NaviAirway: a Bronchiole-sensitive Deep Learning-based Airway Segmentation Pipeline

Airway segmentation is essential for chest CT image analysis. Different from natural image segmentation, which pursues high pixel-wise accuracy, airway segmentation focuses on topology. The task is challenging not only because of its complex tree-like structure but also the severe pixel imbalance among airway branches of different generations. To tackle the problems, we present a NaviAirway method which consists of a bronchiole-sensitive loss function for airway topology preservation and an iterative training strategy for accurate model learning across different airway generations. To supplement the features of airway branches learned by the model, we distill the knowledge from numerous unlabeled chest CT images in a teacher-student manner. Experimental results show that NaviAirway outperforms existing methods, particularly in the identification of higher-generation bronchioles and robustness to new CT scans. Moreover, NaviAirway is general enough to be combined with different backbone models to significantly improve their performance. NaviAirway can generate an airway roadmap for Navigation Bronchoscopy and can also be applied to other scenarios when segmenting fine and long tubular structures in biomedical images. The code is publicly available on https://github.com/AntonotnaWang/NaviAirway.

eess.IV↗

Femtosecond laser induced creation of G and W-centers in silicon-on-insulator substrates

The creation of fluorescent defects in silicon is a key stepping stone towards assuring the integration perspectives of quantum photonic devices into existing technologies. Here we demonstrate the creation, by femtosecond laser annealing, of W and G-centers in commercial silicon on insulator (SOI) previously implanted with 12C+ ions. Their quality is comparable to that found for the same emitters obtained with conventional implant processes; as quantified by the photoluminescence radiative lifetime, the broadening of their zero-phonon line (ZPL) and the evolution of these quantities with temperature. In addition to this, we show that both defects can be created without carbon implantation and that we can erase the G-centers by annealing while enhancing the W-centers' emission. These demonstrations are relevant to the deterministic and operando generation of quantum emitters in silicon.

physics.optics↗

Semantic-Sparse Colorization Network for Deep Exemplar-based Colorization

Exemplar-based colorization approaches rely on reference image to provide plausible colors for target gray-scale image. The key and difficulty of exemplar-based colorization is to establish an accurate correspondence between these two images. Previous approaches have attempted to construct such a correspondence but are faced with two obstacles. First, using luminance channels for the calculation of correspondence is inaccurate. Second, the dense correspondence they built introduces wrong matching results and increases the computation burden. To address these two problems, we propose Semantic-Sparse Colorization Network (SSCN) to transfer both the global image style and detailed semantic-related colors to the gray-scale image in a coarse-to-fine manner. Our network can perfectly balance the global and local colors while alleviating the ambiguous matching problem. Experiments show that our method outperforms existing methods in both quantitative and qualitative evaluation and achieves state-of-the-art performance.

cs.CV↗

Exploring Concept Contribution Spatially: Hidden Layer Interpretation with Spatial Activation Concept Vector

To interpret deep learning models, one mainstream is to explore the learned concepts by networks. Testing with Concept Activation Vector (TCAV) presents a powerful tool to quantify the contribution of query concepts (represented by user-defined guidance images) to a target class. For example, we can quantitatively evaluate whether and to what extent concept striped contributes to model prediction zebra with TCAV. Therefore, TCAV whitens the reasoning process of deep networks. And it has been applied to solve practical problems such as diagnosis. However, for some images where the target object only occupies a small fraction of the region, TCAV evaluation may be interfered with by redundant background features because TCAV calculates concept contribution to a target class based on a whole hidden layer. To tackle this problem, based on TCAV, we propose Spatial Activation Concept Vector (SACV) which identifies the relevant spatial locations to the query concept while evaluating their contributions to the model prediction of the target class. Experiment shows that SACV generates a more fine-grained explanation map for a hidden layer and quantifies concepts' contributions spatially. Moreover, it avoids interference from background features. The code is available on https://github.com/AntonotnaWang/Spatial-Activation-Concept-Vector.

cs.CV↗

Transmission laser welding of similar and dissimilar semiconductor materials

Laser micro-welding is an advanced manufacturing method today applied in various domains. However, important physical limitations have prevented so far to demonstrate its applicability in silicon and other technology-essential semiconductors. Concentrating on circumventing the optical limits on the deliverable energy density at interfaces between narrow-gap materials with intense infrared light, we make the first feasibility demonstration of transmission laser welding between silicon workpieces using nanosecond laser pulses. We obtain a shear joining strength of 32$\pm$10 MPa which compares very favorably to the complex process alternatives. Supported by experiments repeated on different material combinations including gallium arsenide, we confirm that this remarkable performance level is achievable for similar and dissimilar semiconductors. The demonstrations rely on a small footprint fiber laser, an aspect that holds great promises for the advent of a high-efficiency flexible process beneficial for important technology developments including lab-on-a-chip and hybrid semiconductor systems.

physics.app-ph↗

HINT: Hierarchical Neuron Concept Explainer

To interpret deep networks, one main approach is to associate neurons with human-understandable concepts. However, existing methods often ignore the inherent relationships of different concepts (e.g., dog and cat both belong to animals), and thus lose the chance to explain neurons responsible for higher-level concepts (e.g., animal). In this paper, we study hierarchical concepts inspired by the hierarchical cognition process of human beings. To this end, we propose HIerarchical Neuron concepT explainer (HINT) to effectively build bidirectional associations between neurons and hierarchical concepts in a low-cost and scalable manner. HINT enables us to systematically and quantitatively study whether and how the implicit hierarchical relationships of concepts are embedded into neurons, such as identifying collaborative neurons responsible to one concept and multimodal neurons for different concepts, at different semantic levels from concrete concepts (e.g., dog) to more abstract ones (e.g., animal). Finally, we verify the faithfulness of the associations using Weakly Supervised Object Localization, and demonstrate its applicability in various tasks such as discovering saliency regions and explaining adversarial attacks. Code is available on https://github.com/AntonotnaWang/HINT.

cs.CV↗

Mitochondria in higher plants possess H2 evolving activity which is closely related to complex I

Hydrogenase occupy a central place in the energy metabolism of anaerobic bacteria. Although the structure of mitochondrial complex I is similar to that of hydrogenase, whether it has hydrogen metabolic activity remain unclear. Here, we show that a H2 evolving activity exists in higher plants mitochondria and is closely related to complex I, especially around ubiquinone binding site. The H2 production could be inhibited by rotenone and ubiquinone. Hypoxia could simultaneously promote H2 evolution and succinate accumulation. Redox properties of quinone pool, adjusted by NADH or succinate according to oxygen concentration, acts as a valve to control the flow of protons and electrons and the production of H2. The coupling of H2 evolving activity of mitochondrial complex I with metabolic regulation reveals a more effective redox homeostasis regulation mechanism. Considering the ubiquity of mitochondria in eukaryotes, H2 metabolism might be the innate function of higher organisms. This may serve to explain, at least in part, the broad physiological effects of H2.

q-bio.BM↗