Resilience in Highways: Proposal of Roadway Redundancy Indicators and Application in Segments of the Brazilian Network
With the growing realization that transport systems must operate satisfactorily not only in typical situations, but also in adverse circumstances, ensuring redundancies in road systems has gained crucial importance. In this context, several methods have been proposed for measuring the vulnerabilities and resilience of transport systems. However, a simple metric to understand and quantify the degree of redundancy of a given road segment is still necessary, mainly to guide the responsible bodies regarding the need for intervention or special care with certain sections of the system. Thus, this paper proposes a redundancy indicator based on network analyses in the vicinity of an element. The proposed indicator was first calculated on nine application examples and then on a substantial sample of the Brazilian road network (~10% of segments). The results demonstrate that the indicator can satisfactorily describe the variety of cases in the Brazilian network, capturing cases where there is significant redundancy in the elements, as in some regions of the Southeast and South; or cases of very low redundancy, such as the sparse grid in the north of the country. It was also verified that the indicator has a particular sensitivity to parameters of the defined function, requiring further research for an acceptable calibration.