arXiv subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Andre Diatta.
We discuss the concept of cloaking for elastic impedance tomography, in which, we seek information on the elasticity tensor of an elastic medium from the knowledge of measurements on its boundary. We derive some theoretical results illustrated by some numerical simulations.
The slice condition and the more general weak slice conditions are geometric conditions on Euclidean space domains which have evolved over the last several years as a tool in various areas of analysis. This paper examines some of their finer distinctive properties.
In this chapter, we review some recent developments in the field of photonics: cloaking, whereby an object becomes invisible to an observer, and mirages, whereby an object looks like another one (say, of a different shape). Such optical illusions are made possible thanks to the advent of metamaterials, which are new kinds of composites designed using the concept of transformational optics. Theoretical concepts introduced here are illustrated by finite element computations.
We start by a review of the chronology of mathematical results on the Dirichlet-to-Neumann map which paved the way towards the physics of transformational acoustics. We then rederive the expression for the (anisotropic) density and bulk modulus appearing in the pressure wave equation written in the transformed coordinates. A spherical acoustic cloak consisting of an alternation of homogeneous isotropic concentric layers is further proposed based on the effective medium theory. This cloak is characterised by a low reflection and good efficiency over a large bandwidth for both near and far fields, which approximates the ideal cloak with a inhomogeneous and anisotropic distribution of material parameters. The latter suffers from singular material parameters on its inner surface. This singularity depends upon the sharpness of corners, if the cloak has an irregular boundary, e.g. a polyhedron cloak becomes more and more singular when the number of vertices increases if it is star shaped. We thus analyse the acoustic response of a non-singular spherical cloak designed by blowing up a small ball instead of a point, as proposed in [Kohn, Shen, Vogelius, Weinstein, Inverse Problems 24, 015016, 2008]. The multilayered approximation of this cloak requires less extreme densities (especially for the lowest bound). Finally, we investigate another type of non-singular cloaks, known as invisibility carpets [Li and Pendry, Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 203901, 2008], which mimic the reflection by a flat ground.
The point of the paper is to show some limitations of geometrical optics in the analysis of subwavelength focusing. We analyze the resolution of the image of a line source radiating in the Maxwell fisheye and the Veselago-Pendry slab lens. The former optical medium is deduced from the stereographic projection of a virtual sphere and displays a heterogeneous refractive index n(r) which is proportional to the inverse of 1+r^2. The latter is described by a homogeneous, but negative, refractive index. It has been suggested that the fisheye makes a perfect lens without negative refraction [Leonhardt, Philbin arxiv:0805.4778v2]. However, we point out that the definition of super-resolution in such a heterogeneous medium should be computed with respect to the wavelength in a homogenized medium, and it is perhaps more adequate to talk about a conjugate image rather than a perfect image (the former does not necessarily contains the evanescent components of the source). We numerically find that both the Maxwell fisheye and a thick silver slab lens lead to a resolution close to lambda/3 in transverse magnetic polarization (electric field pointing orthogonal to the plane). We note a shift of the image plane in the latter lens. We also observe that two sources lead to multiple secondary images in the former lens, as confirmed from light rays travelling along geodesics of the virtual sphere. We further observe resolutions ranging from lambda/2 to nearly lambda/4 for magnetic dipoles of varying orientations of dipole moments within the fisheye in transverse electric polarization (magnetic field pointing orthogonal to the plane). Finally, we analyse the Eaton lens for which the source and its image are either located within a unit disc of air, or within a corona 1<r<2 with refractive index $n(r)=\sqrt{2/r-1}$. In both cases, the image resolution is about lambda/2.
We design non-singular cloaks enabling objects to scatter waves like objects with smaller size and very different shapes. We consider the Schrodinger equation which is valid e.g. in the contexts of geometrical and quantum optics. More precisely, we introduce a generalized non-singular transformation for star domains, and numerically demonstrate that an object of nearly any given shape surrounded by a given cloak scatters waves in exactly the same way as a smaller object of another shape. When a source is located inside the cloak, it scatters waves as if it would be located some distance away from a small object. Moreover, the invisibility region actually hosts almost-trapped eigenstates. Mimetism is numerically shown to break down for the quantified energies associated with confined modes. If we further allow for non-isomorphic transformations, our approach leads to the design of quantum super-scatterers: a small size object surrounded by a quantum cloak described by a negative anisotropic heterogeneous effective mass and a negative spatially varying potential scatters matter waves like a larger nano-object of different shape. Potential applications might be for instance in quantum dots probing.
Carpets under consideration here, in the context of pressure acoustic waves propagating in a compressible fluid, do not touch the ground: they levitate in mid-air (or float in mid-water), which leads to approximate cloaking for an object hidden underneath, or touching either sides of a square cylinder on, or over, the ground. The tentlike carpets attached to the sides of a square cylinder illustrate how the notion of a carpet on a wall naturally generalizes to sides of other small compact objects. We then extend the concept of flying carpets to circular cylinders. However, instead of reducing its scattering cross-section like in acoustic cloaks, we rather mimic that of another obstacle, say a square rigid cylinder. For instance, show that one can hide any type of defects under such circular carpets, and yet they still scatter waves just like a smaller cylinder on its own. Interestingly, all these carpets are described by non-singular acoustic parameters. To exemplify this important aspect, we propose a multi-layered carpet consisting of isotropic homogeneous fluids with constant bulk modulus and varying density which works over a finite range of wavelengths. We have discussed some applications, with the sonar boats or radars cases as typical examples. For instance, we would like to render a pipeline lying on the bottom of the sea or floating in mid-water undetectable for a boat with a sonar at rest just above it on the surface of the sea. Another possible application would be protecting parabolic antennas.
In this paper, we consider the intensity surface of a 2D image, we study the evolution of the symmetry sets (and medial axes) of 1-parameter families of iso-intensity curves. This extends the investigation done on 1-parameter families of smooth plane curves (Bruce and Giblin, Giblin and Kimia, etc.) to the general case when the family of curves includes a singular member, as will happen if the curves are obtained by taking plane sections of a smooth surface, at the moment when the plane becomes tangent to the surface. Looking at those surface sections as isophote curves, of the pixel values of an image embedded in the real plane, this allows us to propose to combine object representation using a skeleton or symmetry set representation and the appearance modelling by representing image information as a collection of medial representations for the level-sets of an image.
We derive the expression for the anisotropic heterogeneous matrices of permittivity and permeability associated with two-dimensional polygonal and star shaped cloaks. We numerically show using finite elements that the forward scattering worsens when we increase the number of sides in the latter cloaks, whereas it improves for the former ones. This antagonistic behavior is discussed using a rigorous asymptotic approach. We use a symmetry group theoretical approach to derive the cloaks design.
We extend the design of radially symmetric three-dimensional invisibility cloaks through transformation optics to cloaks with a surface of revolution. We derive the expression of the transformation matrix and show that one of its eigenvalues vanishes on the inner boundary of the cloaks, while the other two remain strictly positive and bounded. The validity of our approach is confirmed by finite edge-elements computations for a non-convex cloak of varying thickness.
Mark all vertices on a curve evolving under a family of curves obtained by intersecting a smooth surface M with the 1-parameter family of planes parallel to the tangent plane to M at a point p. Those vertices trace out a set, called the vertex set of M through p. We take p to be an isolated umbilic point on M and describe the perestroikas of the vertex set under generic n-parameter small deformations of the surface, as well as the corresponding discriminants. One of the main consequences of our results is that, in some sense (see Theorem 2), generically the study of the discriminants of small n-deformations, with n greater than or equal to 2, simplifies to that of 2-deformations. This work was primarily motivated by the medial representation of shapes in Computer Vision and Image Analysis, where the behaviour of vertices plays a crucial role in the qualitative changes of the skeleton or Blum medial axis of curves. On the other hand, the study of vertices of curves has raised up a great interest in particular in Geometry and Singularity Theory, in line with several problems such as the 4-vertex Theorem, the local geometry of surfaces and Geometry of Caustics. These classical subjects have received a new impulsion due to the development of Contact Geometry, especially in the works of V. Arnold on Legendrian Collapse and Legendrian Sturm Theory showing the relation between vertices of plane curves and Legendrian singularities and Sturm-Hurwitz Theorem.
We investigate the behaviour of vertices and inflexions on 1-parameter families of curves on smooth surfaces in the 3-space, which include a singular member. In particular, we discuss the context where the curves evolve as sections of a smooth surface by parallel planes. More precisely we will trace the patterns of inflexions and vertices (maxima and minima of curvature) on the sections of a surface as the section passes through a tangential point. We also keep track on the evolution of the curvature of the curves at vertices and control its limit when the vertices collapse at singular points. In particular, we cover all the generic cases, namely when the tangential points are elliptic (A1), umbilic (A1), hyperbolic(A1), parabolic (A2) and cusp of Gauss (A3) points. This has some applications in Computer vision and is also related to interesting mathematical problems such as Legendrian collapse, foliations of surfaces, the 4-vertex Theorem or in general the behaviour of vertices and inflexions in parameter families of curves etc.
The investigation of 3D euclidean symmetry sets (SS) and medial axis is an important area, due in particular to their various important applications. The pre-symmetry set of a surface M in 3-space (resp. smooth closed curve in 2D) is the set of pairs of points which contribute to the symmetry set, that is, the closure of the set of pairs of distinct points p and q in M, for which there exists a sphere (resp. a circle) tangent to M at p and at q. The aim of this paper is to address problems related to the smoothness and the singularities of the pre-symmetry sets of 3D shapes. We show that the pre-symmetry set of a smooth surface in 3-space has locally the structure of the graph of a function from R^2 to R^2, in many cases of interest.
We prove that the level sets of a real C^s function of two variables near a non-degenerate critical point are of class C^[s/2] and apply this to the study of planar sections of surfaces close to the singular section by the tangent plane at hyperbolic points or elliptic points, and in particular at umbilic points. We also analyse the cases coming from degenerate critical points, corresponding to elliptic cusps of Gauss on a surface, where the differentiability is now reduced to C^[s/4]. However in all our applications to symmetry sets of families of plane curves, we assume the C^infty smoothness.
A result from Gromov ensures the existence of a contact structure on any connected non-compact odd dimensional Lie group. But in general such structures are not invariant under left translations of the Lie group. The problem of finding which Lie groups admit a left invariant contact structure (contact Lie groups), is then still open. While Lie groups with left invariant symplectic structures are widely studied by a number of authors (amongst which A. Lichnerowicz; E.B. Vinberg; I.I. Pjateckii-Sapiro; S. G. Gindikin; A. Medina; Ph. Revoy; M. Goze, J. Dorfmeister; K. Nakajima; etc.), contact Lie groups still remain quite unexplored. We perform a `contactization' method to construct, in every odd dimension, many contact Lie groups with a discrete centre and discuss some applications and consequences of such a construction. We give classification results in low dimensions. In any dimension greater than or equal to 7, there are infinitely many locally non-isomorphic solvable contact Lie groups. We also classify and characterize contact Lie groups having some prescribed Riemannian or semi-Riemannian structure and derive some obstructions results.
Let G be a Lie group with Lie algebra $ \Cal G: = T_εG$ and $T^*G = \Cal G^* \rtimes G$ its cotangent bundle considered as a Lie group, where G acts on $\Cal G^*$ via the coadjoint action. We show that there is a 1-1 correspondance between the skew-symmetric solutions $r\in \wedge^2 \Cal G$ of the Classical Yang-Baxter Equation in G, and the set of connected Lie subgroups of $T^*G$ which carry a left invariant affine structure and whose Lie algebras are lagrangian graphs in $ \Cal G \oplus \Cal G^*$. An invertible solution r endows G with a left invariant symplectic structure and hence a left invariant affine structure. In this case we prove that the Poisson Lie tensor $π:= r^+ - r^-$ is polynomial of degree at most 2 and the double Lie groups of $(G,π)$ also carry a canonical left invariant affine structure. In the general case of (non necessarly invertible) solutions r, we supply a necessary and suffisant condition to the geodesic completness of the associated affine structure