arXiv subjects

Andreas Baumann

Publications and source records attributed to Andreas Baumann.

9 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2025

Numerical and Experimental Evaluation of Chip Evacuation and Lubricant Flow using Optimized Drill Heads for Ejector Deep Hole Drilling

Ejector deep hole drilling offers great potential to utilize the typical advantages of deep hole drilling processes on conventional machining centers in a cost-effective and resource-efficient manner. However, maintaining reliable chip evacuation and stable process conditions often relies on high flow volumes of metalworking fluid, resulting in considerable energy consumption in industrial settings. Therefore, to analyze the highly sophisticated chip evacuation dynamics of the process, two flow-optimized drill heads and a reference drill head were evaluated with smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulation using experimentally obtained chip shapes. In addition, modified drill heads were additively manufactured and experimentally investigated to validate the numerical results and to determine the positive effect on the necessary fluid flow for a stable ejector drilling process. The modifications aim to improve chip evacuation by reducing vortex formation and optimizing flow conditions near the cutting zone. Therefore, the minimum volume flow required for a stable drilling process without chip clogging is reduced, leading to an energy-efficient sustainable ejector drilling process.

physics.flu-dyn↗

arXiv2025

Investigation of Chip Evacuation in Ejector Deep Hole Drilling using Mesh-Free Simulation Methods

Ejector deep hole drilling is advantageous due to its high material removal rate and bore quality without requiring a complex sealing system for drilling applications with large length to diameter ratios. Sufficient supply of metal working fluid and efficient removal of the swarf is crucial, which would otherwise lead to poor bore quality, increased friction, and tool wear. Based on experimentally obtained chip shapes, a coupled SPH-DEM simulation model was used to enhance the understanding of the highly complicated and dynamic chip evacuation conditions. A comparison of different tool head designs and their influence on the chip evacuation is presented.

physics.flu-dyn↗

arXiv2025

Experiments with Large Language Models on Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Closed-Source Simulation Software

Large Language Models (LLMs) are tools that have become indispensable in development and programming. However, they suffer from hallucinations, especially when dealing with unknown knowledge. This is particularly the case when LLMs are to be used to support closed-source software applications. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) offers an approach to use additional knowledge alongside the pre-trained knowledge of the LLM to respond to user prompts. Possible tasks range from a smart-autocomplete, text extraction for question answering, model summarization, component explaining, compositional reasoning, to creation of simulation components and complete input models. This work tests existing RAG systems for closed-source simulation frameworks, in our case the mesh-free simulation software Pasimodo. Since data protection and intellectual property rights are particularly important for problems solved with closed-source software, the tests focus on execution using local LLMs. In order to enable smaller institutions to use the systems, smaller language models will be tested first. The systems show impressive results, but often fail due to insufficient information. Different approaches for improving response quality are tested. In particular, tailoring the information provided to the LLMs dependent to the prompts proves to be a significant improvement. This demonstrates the great potential and the further work needed to improve information retrieval for closed-source simulation models.

cs.CL↗

arXiv2014

Nongeminate recombination in neat P3HT and P3HT:PCBM blend films

The slow decay of charge carriers in polymer-fullerene blends measured in transient studies has raised a number of questions about the mechanisms of nongeminate recombination in these systems. In an attempt to understand this behavior, we have applied a combination of steady-state and transient photoinduced absorption measurements to compare nongeminate recombination behavior in films of neat poly(3-hexyl thiophene) (P3HT) and P3HT blended with [6,6]-phenyl-C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM). Transient measurements show that carrier recombination in the neat P3HT film exhibits second-order decay with a recombination rate coefficient that is similar to that predicted by Langevin theory. In addition, temperature dependent measurements indicate that neat films exhibit recombination behavior consistent with the Gaussian disorder model. In contrast, the P3HT:PCBM blend films are characterized by a strongly reduced recombination rate and an apparent recombination order greater than two. We then assess a number of previously proposed explanations for this behavior, including phase separation, carrier concentration dependent mobility, non-encounter limited recombination, and interfacial states. In the end, we propose a model in which pure domains with a Gaussian density of states are separated by a mixed phase with an exponential density of states. We find that such a model can explain both the reduced magnitude of the recombination rate and the high order recombination kinetics and, based on the current state of knowledge, is the most consistent with experimental observations.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv2011

Detailed study of N,N'-(diisopropylphenyl)- terrylene-3,4:11,12-bis(dicarboximide) as electron acceptor for solar cells application

We report on terrylene-3,4:11,12-bis(dicarboximide) (TDI) as electron acceptor for bulk-heterojunction solar cells using poly(3-hexyl thiophene) (P3HT) as complementary donor component. Enhanced absorption was observed in the blend compared to pure P3HT. As shown by the very efficient photoluminescence (PL) quenching, the generated excitons are collected at the interface between the donor and acceptor, where they separate into charges which we detect by photoinduced absorption and electron-spin resonance (ESR). Time-of-flight (TOF) photoconductivity measurements reveal a good electron mobility of 10-3 cm2 V-1 s-1 in the blend. Nevertheless, the photocurrent in solar cells was found to be surprisingly low. Supported by the external quantum efficiency (EQE) spectrum as well as morphological studies by way of X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy, we explain our observation by the formation of a TDI hole blocking layer at the anode interface which prevents the efficiently generated charges to be extracted.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv2011

Triplet Exciton Generation in Bulk-Heterojunction Solar Cells based on Endohedral Fullerenes

Organic bulk-heterojunctions (BHJ) and solar cells containing the trimetallic nitride endohedral fullerene 1-[3-(2-ethyl)hexoxy carbonyl]propyl-1-phenyl-Lu3N@C80 (Lu3N@C80-PCBEH) show an open circuit voltage (VOC) 0.3 V higher than similar devices with [6,6]-phenyl-C[61]-butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM). To fully exploit the potential of this acceptor molecule with respect to the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of solar cells, the short circuit current (JSC) should be improved to become competitive with the state of the art solar cells. Here, we address factors influencing the JSC in blends containing the high voltage absorber Lu3N@C80-PCBEH in view of both photogeneration but also transport and extraction of charge carriers. We apply optical, charge carrier extraction, morphology, and spin-sensitive techniques. In blends containing Lu3N@C80-PCBEH, we found 2 times weaker photoluminescence quenching, remainders of interchain excitons, and, most remarkably, triplet excitons formed on the polymer chain, which were absent in the reference P3HT:PC61BM blends. We show that electron back transfer to the triplet state along with the lower exciton dissociation yield due to intramolecular charge transfer in Lu3N@C80-PCBEH are responsible for the reduced photocurrent.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv2011

Influence of Phase Segregation on Recombination Dynamics in Organic Bulk-Heterojunction Solar Cells

We studied the recombination dynamics of charge carriers in organic bulk heterojunction solar cells made of the blend system poly(2,5-bis(3-dodecyl thiophen-2-yl) thieno[2,3-b]thiophene) (pBTCT-C12):[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) with a donor--acceptor ratio of 1:1 and 1:4. The techniques of charge carrier extraction by linearly increasing voltage (photo-CELIV) and, as local probe, time-resolved microwave conductivity (TRMC) were used. We observed a difference in the initially extracted charge carrier concentration in the photo-CELIV experiment by one order of magnitude, which we assigned to an enhanced geminate recombination due to a fine interpenetrating network with isolated phase regions in the 1:1 pBTCT-C12:PC61BM bulk heterojunction solar cells. In contrast, extensive phase segregation in 1:4 blend devices leads to an efficient polaron generation resulting in an increased short circuit current density of the solar cell. For both studied ratios a bimolecular recombination of polarons was found using the complementary experiments. The charge carrier decay order of above two for temperatures below 300 K can be explained by a release of trapped charges. This mechanism leads to a delayed bimolecular recombination processes. The experimental findings can be generalized to all polymer:fullerene blend systems allowing for phase segregation.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv2010

Oxygen doping of P3HT:PCBM blends: Influence on trap states, charge carrier mobility and solar cell performance

We investigated the influence of oxygen on the performance of P3HT:PCBM (poly(3-hexylthiophene):[6,6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester) solar cells by current--voltage, thermally stimulated current (TSC) and charge extraction by linearly increasing voltage (CELIV) measurement techniques. The exposure to oxygen leads to an enhanced charge carrier concentration and a decreased charge carrier mobility. Further, an enhanced formation of deeper traps was observed, although the overall density of traps was found to be unaffected upon oxygen exposure. With the aid of macroscopic simulations, based on solving the differential equation system of Poisson, continuity and drift-diffusion equations in one dimension, we demonstrate the influence of a reduced charge carrier mobility and an increased charge carrier density on the main solar cell parameters, consistent with experimental findings.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv2008

Trap Distribution and the Impact of Oxygen-induced Traps on the Charge Transport in Poly(3-Hexylthiophene)

The trap distribution in the conjugated polymer poly(3-hexylthiophene) was investigated by fractional thermally stimulated current measurements. Two defect states with activation energies of about 50 meV and 105 meV and Gaussian energy distributions were revealed. The first is assigned to the tail of the intrinsic density of states, whereas the concentration of second trap is directly related to oxygen exposure. The impact of the oxygen induced traps on the charge transport was examined by performing photo-induced charge carrier extraction by linearly increasing voltage measurements, that exhibited a strong decrease in the mobility with air exposure time.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗