arXiv subjects

Andreas Kleefeld

Publications and source records attributed to Andreas Kleefeld.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Beyond Consistent Scenarios: Deriving Indirect Influence, Transition Resistance, and Adjustment Dynamics

Assessments of structural change and economic transition dynamics, such as those arising in the energy transition, depend on internally consistent qualitative scenarios specifying the policy environment, technology mix, governance arrangements, and demand conditions. Cross-Impact Balance (CIB) analysis derives such socio-technical scenarios as fixed-point attractors of an expert-elicited interdependency network, supplying structural inputs upon which assessment models (including energy system optimisation, agent-based, and general equilibrium frameworks) can draw. Standard CIB, however, delivers only this equilibrium catalogue, leaving four structural questions unanswered: how much network-weighted effort a given transition requires; which components are the true system-wide levers once indirect influence chains are counted; in what sequence the system adjusts; and how the network at a given attractor responds to an external shock. This paper extends CIB through Linear Response Theory, exploiting a structural isomorphism between the CIB drift matrix and the Leontief input-output technology matrix. Four analytical objects are derived in closed form: the Type I cross-impact multiplier, which aggregates all direct and indirect influence chains; the perturbation budget, a network-weighted and directionally asymmetric measure of transition effort; the impulse response function, which traces descriptor adjustment sequences and feedback-induced overshoots; and the unit-impulse shock profile, which characterises attractor-specific network sensitivity and yields a direct measure of structural resilience and susceptibility. The framework is applied empirically to an energy-transition cross-impact matrix, yielding all four objects for five structural equilibria, and transfers to any domain in which pairwise influence scores encode structural interdependencies.

econ.GN↗

arXiv2026

Factorization method for a simply supported obstacle from point source measurements via far--field transformation

We consider an inverse shape problem for recovering an unknown simply supported obstacle in two dimensions from near--field point--source measurements for the biharmonic Helmholtz equation. The measured data consist of the scattered field and its Laplacian on a closed measurement curve surrounding the obstacle. By exploiting an operator splitting of the biharmonic operator, we decouple the scattered field into propagating and evanescent components. This decoupling allows us to reformulate the measured data in terms of an acoustic near--field operator for a sound--soft scatterer. Since the acoustic near--field operator does not directly admit the symmetric factorization required by the factorization method, we introduce a far--field transformation (defined independently of the obstacle) that augments the near--field operator into a far--field operator with a symmetric factorization. This yields a rigorous factorization method characterization of the obstacle and leads to a practical reconstruction algorithm based on spectral data of the transformed operator. Finally, we present numerical experiments with synthetic data that demonstrate stable reconstructions under noise and illustrate the role of regularization, including a variant that uses only the scattered field data.

math.AP↗

arXiv2025

Bifurcations in Interior Transmission Eigenvalues: Theory and Computation

The interior transmission eigenvalue problem (ITP) plays a central role in inverse scattering theory and in the spectral analysis of inhomogeneous media. Despite its smooth dependence on the refractive index at the PDE level, the corresponding spectral map from material parameters to eigenpairs may exhibit non-smooth or bifurcating behavior. In this work, we develop a theoretical framework identifying sufficient conditions for such non-smooth spectral behavior in the ITP on general domains. We further specialize our analysis to some radially symmetric geometries, enabling a more precise characterization of bifurcations in the spectrum. Computationally, we formulate the ITP as a parametric, discrete, nonlinear eigenproblem and use a match-based adaptive contour eigensolver to accurately and efficiently track eigenvalue trajectories under parameter variation. Numerical experiments confirm the theoretical predictions and reveal novel non-smooth spectral effects.

math.NA↗

arXiv2025

Analysis of the transmission eigenvalue problem for biharmonic scattering considering penetrable scatterers

In this paper, we provide an analytical study of the transmission eigenvalue problem in the context of biharmonic scattering with a penetrable obstacle. We will assume that the underlying physical model is given by an infinite elastic two--dimensional Kirchhoff--Love plate in $\mathbb{R}^2$, where the plate's thickness is small relative to the wavelength of the incident wave. In previous studies, transmission eigenvalues have been studied for acoustic scattering, whereas in this case, we consider biharmonic scattering. We prove the existence and discreteness of the transmission eigenvalues as well as study the dependence on the refractive index. We are able to prove the monotonicity of the first transmission eigenvalue with respect to the refractive index. Lastly, we provide numerical experiments to validate the theoretical work.

math.AP↗

arXiv2025

Existence of transmission eigenvalues for biharmonic scattering by a clamped planar region

In this paper, we study the so-called clamped transmission eigenvalue problem. This is a new transmission eigenvalue problem that is derived from the scattering of an impenetrable clamped obstacle in a thin elastic plate. The scattering problem is modeled by a biharmonic wave operator given by the Kirchhoff--Love infinite plate problem in the frequency domain. These scattering problems have not been studied to the extent of other models. Unlike other transmission eigenvalue problems, the problem studied here is a system of homogeneous PDEs defined in all of $\mathbb{R}^2$. This provides unique analytical and computational difficulties when studying the clamped transmission eigenvalue problem. We are able to prove that there exist infinitely many real clamped transmission eigenvalues. This is done by studying the equivalent variational formulation. We also investigate the relationship of the clamped transmission eigenvalues to the Dirichlet and Neumann eigenvalues of the negative Laplacian for the bounded scattering obstacle.

math.AP↗

arXiv2025

A fourth-order exponential time differencing scheme with real and distinct poles rational approximation for solving non-linear reaction-diffusion systems

A fourth-order, L-stable, exponential time differencing Runge-Kutta type scheme is developed to solve nonlinear systems of reaction diffusion equations with nonsmooth data. The new scheme, ETDRK4RDP, is constructed by approximating the matrix exponentials in the ETDRK4 scheme with a fourth order, L-acceptable, non-Pad\'e rational function having real and distinct poles (RDP). Using RDP rational functions to construct the scheme ensures efficient damping of spurious oscillations arising from non-smooth initial and boundary conditions and a straightforward parallelization. We verify empirically that the new ETDRK4RDP scheme is fourth-order accurate for several reaction diffusion systems with Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions and show it to be more efficient than competing exponential time differencing schemes, especially when implemented in parallel, with up to six times speedup in CPU time.

math.NA↗

arXiv2025

Direct and inverse scattering for an isotropic medium with a second-order boundary condition

We consider the direct and inverse scattering problem for a penetrable, isotropic obstacle with a second-order Robin boundary condition, which asymptotically models the delamination of the boundary of the scatterer. We develop a direct sampling method to solve the inverse shape problem by numerically recovering the scatterer. Here, we assume that the corresponding Cauchy data is measured on the boundary of a region that fully contains the scatterer. Similar methods have been applied to other inverse shape problems, but they have not been studied for a penetrable, isotropic scatterer with a second-order Robin boundary condition. We also initiate the study of the corresponding transmission eigenvalue problem, which is derived from assuming zero Cauchy data is measured on the boundary of the region that fully contains the scatterer. We prove that the transmission eigenvalues for this problem are at most a discrete set. Numerical examples will be presented for the inverse shape problem in two dimensions for circular and non-circular scatterers. Further, transmission eigenvalues are computed numerically for various scatterers.

math.AP↗

arXiv2025

On the transmission eigenvalues for scattering by a clamped planar region

In this paper, we consider a new transmission eigenvalue problem derived from the scattering by a clamped cavity in a thin elastic material. Scattering in a thin elastic material can be modeled by the Kirchhoff--Love infinite plate problem. This results in a biharmonic scattering problem that can be handled by operator splitting. The main novelty of this transmission eigenvalue problem is that it is posed in all of $\mathbb{R}^2$. This adds analytical and computational difficulties in studying this eigenvalue problem. Here, we prove that the eigenvalues can be recovered from the far field data as well as discreteness of the transmission eigenvalues. We provide some numerical experiments via boundary integral equations to demonstrate the theoretical results. We also conjecture monotonicity with respect to the measure of the scatterer from our numerical experiments.

math.AP↗

arXiv2024

Two direct sampling methods for an anisotropic scatterer with a conductive boundary

In this paper, we consider the inverse scattering problem associated with an anisotropic medium with a conductive boundary condition. We will assume that the corresponding far--field pattern or Cauchy data is either known or measured. The conductive boundary condition models a thin coating around the boundary of the scatterer. We will develop two direct sampling methods to solve the inverse shape problem by numerically recovering the scatterer. To this end, we study direct sampling methods by deriving that the corresponding imaging functionals decay as the sampling point moves away from the scatterer. These methods have been applied to other inverse shape problems, but this is the first time they will be applied to an anisotropic scatterer with a conductive boundary condition. These methods allow one to recover the scatterer by considering an inner--product of the far--field data or the Cauchy data. Here, we will assume that the Cauchy data is known on the boundary of a region $\Omega$ that completely encloses the scatterer $D$. We present numerical reconstructions in two dimensions to validate our theoretical results for both circular and non-circular scatterers.

math.AP↗

arXiv2024

Matrix-Valued LogSumExp Approximation for Colour Morphology

Mathematical morphology is a part of image processing that uses a window that moves across the image to change certain pixels according to certain operations. The concepts of supremum and infimum play a crucial role here, but it proves challenging to define them generally for higher-dimensional data, such as colour representations. Numerous approaches have therefore been taken to solve this problem with certain compromises. In this paper we will analyse the construction of a new approach, which we have already presented experimentally in paper [Kahra, M., Breu{\ss}, M., Kleefeld, A., Welk, M., DGMM 2024, pp. 325-337]. This is based on a method by Burgeth and Kleefeld [Burgeth, B., Kleefeld, A., ISMM 2013, pp. 243-254], who regard the colours as symmetric $2\times2$ matrices and compare them by means of the Loewner order in a bi-cone through different suprema. However, we will replace the supremum with the LogExp approximation for the maximum instead. This allows us to transfer the associativity of the dilation from the one-dimensional case to the higher-dimensional case. In addition, we will investigate the minimality property and specify a relaxation to ensure that our approach is continuously dependent on the input data.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2024

Sampling methods for recovering buried corroded boundaries from partial electrostatic Cauchy data

We consider the inverse shape and parameter problem for detecting corrosion from partial boundary measurements. This problem models the non-destructive testing for a partially buried object from electrostatic measurements on the accessible part of the boundary. The main novelty is the extension of the linear sampling and factorization methods to an electrostatic problem with partial measurements. These methods so far have only mainly applied to recovering interior defects which is a simpler problem. Another important aspect of this paper is in our numerics, where we derive a system of boundary integral equations to recover the mixed Green's function which is needed for our inversion. With this, we are able to analytically and numerically solve the inverse shape problem. For the inverse parameter problem, we prove uniqueness and Lipschitz-stability (in a finite dimensional function space) assuming that one has the associated Neumann-to-Dirichlet operator on the accessible part of the boundary.

math.AP↗

arXiv2024

Inverse parameter and shape problem for an isotropic scatterer with two conductivity coefficients

In this paper, we consider the direct and inverse problem for isotropic scatterers with two conductive boundary conditions. First, we show the uniqueness for recovering the coefficients from the known far-field data at a fixed incident direction for multiple frequencies. Then, we address the inverse shape problem for recovering the scatterer for the measured far-field data at a fixed frequency. Furthermore, we examine the direct sampling method for recovering the scatterer by studying the factorization for the far-field operator. The direct sampling method is stable with respect to noisy data and valid in two dimensions for partial aperture data. The theoretical results are verified with numerical examples to analyze the performance by the direct sampling method.

math-ph↗

arXiv2023

An Approach to Colour Morphological Supremum Formation using the LogSumExp Approximation

Mathematical morphology is a part of image processing that has proven to be fruitful for numerous applications. Two main operations in mathematical morphology are dilation and erosion. These are based on the construction of a supremum or infimum with respect to an order over the tonal range in a certain section of the image. The tonal ordering can easily be realised in grey-scale morphology, and some morphological methods have been proposed for colour morphology. However, all of these have certain limitations. In this paper we present a novel approach to colour morphology extending upon previous work in the field based on the Loewner order. We propose to consider an approximation of the supremum by means of a log-sum exponentiation introduced by Maslov. We apply this to the embedding of an RGB image in a field of symmetric $2\times2$ matrices. In this way we obtain nearly isotropic matrices representing colours and the structural advantage of transitivity. In numerical experiments we highlight some remarkable properties of the proposed approach.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2023

Comparing intrusive and non-intrusive polynomial chaos for a class of exponential time differencing schemes

We consider the numerical approximation of different ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and partial differential equations (PDEs) with periodic boundary conditions involving a one-dimensional random parameter, comparing the intrusive and non-intrusive polynomial chaos expansion (PCE) method. We demonstrate how to modify two schemes for intrusive PCE (iPCE) which are highly efficient in solving nonlinear reaction-diffusion equations: A second-order exponential time differencing scheme (ETD-RDP-IF) as well as a spectral exponential time differencing fourth-order Runge-Kutta scheme (ETDRK4). In numerical experiments, we show that these schemes show superior accuracy to simpler schemes such as the EE scheme for a range of model equations and we investigate whether they are competitive with non-intrusive PCE (niPCE) methods. We observe that the iPCE schemes are competitive with niPCE for some model equations, but that iPCE breaks down for complex pattern formation models such as the Gray-Scott system.

math.NA↗

arXiv2023

A spectral Galerkin exponential Euler time-stepping scheme for parabolic SPDEs on two-dimensional domains with a C2-boundary

We consider the numerical approximation of second-order semi-linear parabolic stochastic partial differential equations interpreted in the mild sense which we solve on general two-dimensional domains with a $\mathcal{C}^2$ boundary with homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions. The equations are driven by Gaussian additive noise, and several Lipschitz-like conditions are imposed on the nonlinear function. We discretize in space with a spectral Galerkin method and in time using an explicit Euler-like scheme. For irregular shapes, the necessary Dirichlet eigenvalues and eigenfunctions are obtained from a boundary integral equation method. This yields a nonlinear eigenvalue problem, which is discretized using a boundary element collocation method and is solved with the Beyn contour integral algorithm. We present an error analysis as well as numerical results on an exemplary asymmetric shape, and point out limitations of the approach.

math.NA↗

arXiv2023

Direct sampling method via Landweber iteration for an absorbing scatterer with a conductive boundary

In this paper, we consider the inverse shape problem of recovering isotropic scatterers with a conductive boundary condition. Here, we assume that the measured far-field data is known at a fixed wave number. Motivated by recent work, we study a new direct sampling indicator based on the Landweber iteration and the factorization method. Therefore, we prove the connection between these reconstruction methods. The method studied here falls under the category of qualitative reconstruction methods where an imaging function is used to recover the absorbing scatterer. We prove stability of our new imaging function as well as derive a discrepancy principle for recovering the regularization parameter. The theoretical results are verified with numerical examples to show how the reconstruction performs by the new Landweber direct sampling method.

math.AP↗

arXiv2023

Detecting and approximating decision boundaries in low dimensional spaces

A method for detecting and approximating fault lines or surfaces, respectively, or decision curves in two and three dimensions with guaranteed accuracy is presented. Reformulated as a classification problem, our method starts from a set of scattered points along with the corresponding classification algorithm to construct a representation of a decision curve by points with prescribed maximal distance to the true decision curve. Hereby, our algorithm ensures that the representing point set covers the decision curve in its entire extent and features local refinement based on the geometric properties of the decision curve. We demonstrate applications of our method to problems related to the detection of faults, to Multi-Criteria Decision Aid and, in combination with Kirsch's factorization method, to solving an inverse acoustic scattering problem. In all applications we considered in this work, our method requires significantly less pointwise classifications than previously employed algorithms.

math.NA↗

arXiv2022

Analysis of the transmission eigenvalue problem with two conductivity parameters

In this paper, we provide an analytical study of the transmission eigenvalue problem with two conductivity parameters. We will assume that the underlying physical model is given by the scattering of a plane wave for an isotropic scatterer. In previous studies, this eigenvalue problem was analyzed with one conductive boundary parameter whereas we will consider the case of two parameters. We will prove the existence and discreteness of the transmission eigenvalues as well as study the dependence on the physical parameters. We are able to prove monotonicity of the first transmission eigenvalue with respect to the parameters and consider the limiting procedure as the second boundary parameter vanishes. Lastly, we provide extensive numerical experiments to validate the theoretical work.

math.AP↗