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Andrei Lobanov

Publications and source records attributed to Andrei Lobanov.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

First results from the WISPDMX radio frequency cavity searches for hidden photon dark matter

The origin of non-baryonic Dark Matter remains elusive despite ongoing sensitive searches for heavy, thermally produced dark matter particles. Recently, it has been shown, that non-thermally produced vector bosons (sometimes called hidden photons) related to a broken U(1) gauge symmetry are among the possible WISP (weakly interacting slim particles) dark matter candidates. The WISP Dark Matter eXperiment (WISPDMX) is the first direct hidden photon dark matter search experiment probing the particle masses within the 0.8-2.07 $μ$eV range with four resonant modes of a tunable radio frequency cavity and down to 0.4 $n$eV outside of resonance. In this paper, we present the results from the first science run of WISPDMX comprising 22000 broadband spectra with a 500 MHz bandwidth and a 50 Hz spectral resolution, obtained during 10-second integrations made at each individual tuning step of the measurements. No plausible dark matter candidate signal is found, both in the individual spectra reaching minimum detectable power of $8^{-19}$ Watt and in the averaged spectrum of all the measurements with the minimum detectable power of $5^{-22}$ Watt attained for a total of 61 \hours of data taking. Using these spectra, we derive upper limits on the coupling constant of the hidden photon at the levels of $10^{e-13}$ for the resonant frequency ranges and $10^{-12}$ for broadband mass range 0.2-2.07 $μ$eV, and steadily increasing at masses below 0.2$μ$eV.

hep-ex↗

Is there a non-stationary γ-ray emission zone 42 pc away from the 3C 279 core?

We investigate the relationship between the variable gamma-ray emission and jet properties in the blazar 3C 279, by combining the Fermi/LAT data spanning a period of eight years with concurrent radio measurements made at multiple epochs with VLBA at 15 and 43 GHz within the MOJAVE and VLBA-BU monitoring programs. The aim of this paper is to compare the flux variability of the different components found in the VLBA observations, to the variability in the gamma-rays. This analysis helps to investigate whether any of the jet components can be associated with the gamma-ray variability. Through Spearman rank correlation we found that the gamma-ray variability is correlated with a particular region (feature B, in the MOJAVE images) downstream from the observed base (core) of the jet. This jet component is, therefore, a likely location at which an important fraction of the variable gamma-ray emission is produced. We also calculated the average proper motion of the component with respect to the VLBA core and found that it moves at an apparent superluminal velocity of $(3.70 \pm 0.35)c$, implying that one of the gamma-ray emission zones is not stationary. This jet component is also found between 6.86 mas and 8.68 mas, which translates to a distance from the radio core of at least 42 pc.

astro-ph.HE↗

Observations of the Structure and Dynamics of the Inner M87 Jet

M87 is the best source in which to study a jet at high resolution in gravitational units because it has a very high mass black hole and is nearby. The angular size of the black hole is second only to Sgr A*, which does not have a strong jet. The jet structure is edge brightened with a wide opening angle base and a weak counterjet. We have roughly annual observations for 17 years plus intensive monitoring at three week intervals for a year and five day intervals for 2.5 months made with the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) at 43 GHz. The inner jet shows very complex dynamics, with apparent motions both along and across the jet. Speeds from zero to over 2c are seen, with acceleration observed over the first 3 milli-arcseconds. The counterjet decreases in brightness much more rapidly than the main jet, as is expected from relativistic beaming in an accelerating jet oriented near the line-of-sight. Details of the structure and dynamics are discussed. The roughly annual observations show side-to-side motion of the whole jet with a characteristic time scale of about 9 years.

astro-ph.HE↗

WISPDMX: A haloscope for WISP Dark Matter between 0.8-2 $μ$eV

Weakly interactive slim particles (WISPs), including the QCD axion, axion-like particles (ALPs), and hidden photons, are considered to be strong candidates for the dark matter carrier particle. The microwave cavity experiment WISPDMX is the first direct WISP dark matter search experiment probing the particle masses in the 0.8-2.0 $μ$eV range. The first stage of WISPDMX measurements has been completed at nominal resonant frequencies of the cavity. The second stage of WISPDMX is presently being prepared, targeting hidden photons and axions within 60\% of the entire 0.8-2.0 $μ$eV mass range.

physics.ins-det↗

Longitudinal and transverse velocity fields in parsec-scale jets

Radio-loud AGN typically manifest powerful relativistic jets extending up to millions of light years and often showing superluminal motions organised in a complex kinematic pattern. A number of physical models are still competing to explain the jet structure and kinematics revealed by radio images using the VLBI technique. Robust measurements of longitudinal and transverse velocity field in the jets would provide crucial information for these models. This is a difficult task, particularly for transversely resolved jets in objects like 3C 273 and M87. To address this task, we have developed a new technique for identifying significant structural patterns (SSP) of smooth, transversely resolved flows and obtaining a velocity field from cross-correlation of these regions in multi-epoch observations. Detection of individual SSP is performed using the wavelet decomposition and multiscale segmentation of the observed structure. The cross-correlation algorithm combines structural information on different scales of the wavelet decomposition, providing a robust and reliable identification of related SSP in multi -epoch images. The algorithm enables recovering structural evolution on scales down to 0.25 full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the image point spread function (PSF). We present here examples of applying this algorithm to obtain the first detailed transverse velocity fields and to study the kinematic evolution in the parsec-scale jets in 3C 273 and M87.

astro-ph.HE↗

Wavelet-based decomposition and analysis of structural patterns in astronomical images

Context. Images of spatially resolved astrophysical objects contain a wealth of morphological and dynamical information, and effective extraction of this information is of paramount importance for understanding the physics and evolution of these objects. Algorithms and methods employed presently for this purpose (such as, for instance, Gaussian model fitting) often use simplified approaches for describing the structure of resolved objects. Aims. Automated (unsupervised) methods for structure decomposition and tracking of structural patterns are needed for this purpose, in order to be able to deal with the complexity of structure and large amount of data involved. Methods. A new Wavelet-based Image Segmentation and Evaluation (WISE) method is developed for multiscale decomposition, segmentation, and tracking of structural patterns in astronomical images. Results. The method is tested against simulated images of relativistic jets and applied to data from long-term monitoring of parsec- scale radio jets in 3C 273 and 3C 120. Working at its coarsest resolution, WISE reproduces exceptionally well the previous results of model fitting evaluation of the structure and kinematics in these jets. Extending the WISE structure analysis to the finer scales provides the first robust measurements of two-dimensional velocity fields in these jets and indicates that the velocity fields are likely to reflect the evolution of Kelvin-Hemlholtz instability developing the flow.

astro-ph.IM↗

The Nuclear Structure of 3C84 with Space VLBI (RadioAstron) Observations

The radio galaxy 3C84 is a representative of gamma-ray-bright misaligned active galactic nuclei (AGN) and one of the best laboratories to study the radio properties of subparsec scale jets. We discuss here the past and present activity of the nuclear region within the central 1pc and the properties of subparsec-sized components C1, C2 and C3. We compare these results with the high resolution space-VLBI image at 5GHz obtained with the RadioAstron satellite and we shortly discuss the possible correlation of radio emission with the gamma-ray emission.

astro-ph.HE↗

Probing the nature of Dark Matter with the SKA

Dark Matter (DM) is a fundamental ingredient of our Universe and of structure formation, and yet its nature is elusive to astrophysical probes. Information on the nature and physical properties of the WIMP (neutralino) DM (the leading candidate for a cosmologically relevant DM) can be obtained by studying the astrophysical signals of their annihilation/decay. Among the various e.m. signals, secondary electrons produced by neutralino annihilation generate synchrotron emission in the magnetized atmosphere of galaxy clusters and galaxies which could be observed as a diffuse radio emission (halo or haze) centered on the DM halo. A deep search for DM radio emission with SKA in local dwarf galaxies, galaxy regions with low star formation and galaxy clusters (with offset DM-baryonic distribution, like e.g. the Bullet cluster) can be very effective in constraining the neutralino mass, composition and annihilation cross-section. For the case of a dwarf galaxy, like e.g. Draco, the constraints on the DM annihilation cross-section obtainable with SKA1-MID will be at least a factor $\sim 10^3$ more stringent than the limits obtained by Fermi-LAT in the $γ$-rays. These limits scale with the value of the B field, and the SKA will have the capability to determine simultaneously both the magnetic field in the DM-dominated structures and the DM particle properties. The optimal frequency band for detecting the DM-induced radio emission is around $\sim 1$ GHz, with the SKA1-MID Band 1 and 4 important to probe the synchrotron spectral curvature at low-$ν$ (sensitive to DM composition) and at high-$ν$ (sensitive to DM mass).

astro-ph.HE↗

Very Long Baseline Interferometry with the SKA

Adding VLBI capability to the SKA arrays will greatly broaden the science of the SKA, and is feasible within the current specifications. SKA-VLBI can be initially implemented by providing phased-array outputs for SKA1-MID and SKA1-SUR and using these extremely sensitive stations with other radio telescopes, and in SKA2 by realising a distributed configuration providing baselines up to thousands of km, merging it with existing VLBI networks. The motivation for and the possible realization of SKA-VLBI is described in this paper.

astro-ph.IM↗

Brightness temperature constraints from interferometric visibilities

The brightness temperature is an effective parameter that describes the physical properties of emitting material in astrophysical objects. It is commonly determined by imaging and modeling the structure of the emitting region and estimating its flux density and angular size. Reliable approaches for visibility-based estimates of brightness temperature are needed for interferometric experiments in which poor coverage of spatial frequencies prevents successful imaging of the source structure, for example, in interferometric measurements made at millimeter wavelengths or with orbiting antennas. Such approaches can be developed by analyzing the relations between brightness temperature and visibility amplitude and its r.m.s. error. A method is introduced for directly calculating the lower and upper limits of the brightness temperature from visibility measurements. The visibility-based brightness temperature estimates are shown to agree well with the image-based estimates obtained in the 2\,cm MOJAVE survey and the 3\,mm CMVA survey, with good agreement achieved for interferometric measurements at spatial frequencies exceeding $\approx 2\times 10^8$. The method provides an essential tool for constraining brightness temperature in all interferometric experiments with poor imaging capability.

astro-ph.IM↗

WISP Dark Matter eXperiment and Prospects for Broadband Dark Matter Searches in the $1\,μ$eV--$10\,$meV Mass Range

Light cold dark matter consisting of weakly interacting slim (or sub-eV) particles (WISPs) has been in the focus of a large number of studies made over the past two decades. The QCD axion and axion-like particles with masses in the $0.1\,μ$eV--$100\,$meV are strong candidates for the dark matter particle, together with hidden photons with masses below $\lesssim 100\,$meV. This motivates several new initiatives in the field, including the WISP Dark Matter eXperiment (WISPDMX) and novel conceptual approaches for broad-band WISP searches using radiometry measurements in large volume chambers. First results and future prospects for these experiments are discussed in this contribution.

hep-ex↗

WISPers from the Dark Side: Radio Probes of Axions and Hidden Photons

Measurements in the radio regime embrace a number of effective approaches for WISP searches, often covering unique or highly complementary ranges of the parameter space compared to those explored in other research domains. These measurements can be used to search for electromagnetic tracers of the hidden photon and axion oscillations, extending down to ~10^-19 eV the range of the hidden photon mass probed, and closing the last gaps in the strongly favoured 1-5 micro-eV range for axion dark matter. This provides a strong impetus for several new initiatives in the field, including the WISP Dark Matter eXperiment (WISPDMX) and novel conceptual approaches for broad-band WISP searches in the 0.1-1000 micro-eV range.

physics.ins-det↗

Chandra, Keck and VLA Observations of the Crab Nebula during the 2011-April Gamma-ray Flare

We present results from our analysis of Chandra X-ray Observatory, W. M. Keck Observatory, and Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) images of the Crab Nebula that were contemporaneous with the gamma-ray flare of 2011 April. Despite hints in the X-ray data, we find no evidence for statistically significant variations that pinpoint the specific location of the flares within the Nebula. The Keck observations extend this conclusion to the "inner knot", i.e., the feature within an arcsecond of the pulsar. The VLA observations support this conclusion. We also discuss theoretical implications of the gamma-ray flares and suggest that the most dramatic gamma-ray flares are due to radiation-reaction-limited synchrotron emission associated with sudden, dissipative changes in the current system sustained by the central pulsar.

astro-ph.HE↗

Searching for WISPy Cold Dark Matter with a Dish Antenna

The cold dark matter of the Universe may be comprised of very light and very weakly interacting particles, so-called WISPs. Two prominent examples are hidden photons and axion-like particles. In this note we propose a new technique to sensitively search for this type of dark matter with dish antennas. The technique is broadband and allows to explore a whole range of masses in a single measurement.

hep-ph↗

Physical properties of blazar jets from VLBI observations

(abridged) Relativistic jets, formed in the vicinity of central supermassive black holes in AGN, show ample evidence connecting them to physical conditions in the accretion disc and broad-line region. The jets are responsible for a large fraction of non-thermal continuum emission (particularly during powerful flares), which makes understanding their physics an important aspect of studies of blazars characterised by profound flaring activity arising from extremely compact regions. Imaging and polarimetry of radio emission on milliarcsecond scales provided by very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) offers a range of possibilities for studying ultra-compact regions in relativistic jets and relating them to main manifestations of the blazar activity in AGN. Simultaneous monitoring of optical/high energy variability and evolution of parsec-scale radio structures yields arguably the most detailed picture of the relation between acceleration and propagation of relativistic flows and non-thermal continuum generation in blazars. These effects are reviewed and discussed in the context of deriving accurate and self-consistent models for central regions of blazars.

astro-ph.CO↗

Compact radio jets and nuclear regions in active galaxies

VLBI observations of relativistic outflows (jets) in galactic nuclei, complemented with detailed studies made in other spectral domains, have become an effective tool for investigating the physics of nuclear regions in galaxies. High-resolution radio observations access directly the regions where the jets are formed, and trace their evolution and interaction with the nuclear environment. The emission properties, dynamics, and evolution of jets in AGN are intimately connected to the characteristics of the central supermassive black hole, accretion disk, and broad-line region (BLR) in active galaxies. Large VLBI surveys (15GHz VLBA survey, MOJAVE) and dedicated monitoring programmes follow systematically the evolution of several hundreds of relativistic jets. These observations, combined with optical and X-ray studies, yield arguably the most detailed picture of the galactic nuclei. Recent results from studies of the nuclear regions in several active galaxies with prominent outflows are reviewed in this contribution.

astro-ph↗

Compact jets as probes for sub-parsec scale regions in AGN

Compact relativistic jets in active galactic nuclei offer an effective tool for investigating the physics of nuclear regions in galaxies. The emission properties, dynamics, and evolution of jets in AGN are closely connected to the characteristics of the central supermassive black hole, accretion disk and broad-line region in active galaxies. Recent results from studies of the nuclear regions in several active galaxies with prominent outflows are reviewed in this contribution.

astro-ph↗

Dual-frequency VSOP Imaging of a High-redshift Radio Quasar PKS 1402+044

Based on the VLBI Space Observatory Programme (VSOP) observations at 1.6 and 5 GHz, we find that the luminous high-redshift (z=3.215) quasar PKS 1402+044 (J1405+0415) has a pronounced 'core--jet' structure. The jet shows a steeper spectral index and lower brightness temperature with the increase of the distance from the core. The variation of brightness temperature is basically consistent with the shock-in-jet model. Assuming that the jet is collimated by the ambient magnetic field, we estimate the mass of the central object as ~10^9 M_sun. The upper limit of the jet proper motion of PKS 1402+044 is 0.03 mas/yr (~3c) in the east-west direction.

astro-ph↗