arXiv subjects

Andrew Biggs

Publications and source records attributed to Andrew Biggs.

8 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Observations of a Possible Transient Magnetically Arrested Accretion State in a Nearby Quasar: OQ208

OQ208 is a nearby, partially obscured quasar (z=0.077) that is a young, bright, parsec scale radio source. We assemble archival and new high frequency VLBA and VLA observations and optical spectra to form a data-set spanning 39 years. Radio light curves covering 58 years were also compiled. We utilize new spectrophotmetry to calibrate previous spectroscopy using forbidden narrow lines that are expected to be stable on much longer time scales. VLBA and VLA observations of a light-year scale bright nuclear flare at 15.4~GHz and 22~GHz reveal a rise (fade) beginning in mid-1996 (early-2000). Quasi-contemporaneously, from 2/7/1997-6/3/2000, the H$\alpha$ broad line equivalent widths (EWs) and fluxes dropped dramatically. In the context of the tendency of radio loud quasars to have a depressed extreme ultraviolet (EUV) continuum (the main source of ionizing flux for H$\alpha$) relative to radio quiet quasars at matched UV luminosity (the EUV deficit of radio loud quasars), this may not be a coincidence. Analytic models previously developed to explain the relationship between jet power and the EUV deficit are consistent with (but not direct observational proof of) the small EWs being a consequence of transient magnetically arrested accretion states from $\sim1997-2001$. The 22 GHz VLBA nucleus gradually fades, in 2023 the flux density is $<5\%$ of its value in 2000. The environs of the nucleus also fade at 22 GHz, but in a time delayed fashion.

astro-ph.GA↗

arXiv2025

ALMACAL XIII. Evolution of the CO luminosity function and the molecular gas mass density out to $z$ ~ 6

Cold molecular gas, largely traced by CO emission, is the primary fuel for star formation, making it essential for understanding galaxy evolution. ALMA has made significant progress in the study of the cosmic evolution of cold molecular gas. Here, we exploit the ALMACAL survey to address issues relating to small sample sizes and cosmic variance, utilising calibration data from ALMA to compile a statistically significant and essentially unbiased sample of CO-selected galaxies. By employing a novel statistical approach to emission-line classification using semi-analytical models, we place strong constraints on the CO luminosity function and the cosmic evolution of molecular gas mass density ($\rho_{H_2}$) back to $z \sim 6$. The cosmic molecular gas mass density increases with redshift, peaking around $z \sim 1.5$, then slowly declines towards higher redshifts by $\sim 1$ dex. Our findings confirm the key role of molecular gas in fuelling star formation. The new $\rho_{H_2}$ estimates allow us to revisit the cosmic baryon cycle, showing that the ratio of molecular gas-to-stellar mass density is consistent with the so-called 'bathtub model' of baryons, which implies a continuous replenishment of gas. The cosmic gas depletion timescale, estimated on a global scale, is shown to be fairly constant at all redshifts. We emphasise the importance of surveys using multiple small fields rather than a single contiguous area to mitigate the effects of cosmic variance.

astro-ph.GA↗

arXiv2024

ALMACAL XII. Data characterisation and products

The ALMACAL survey is based on a database of reprocessed ALMA calibration scans suitable for scientific analysis, observed as part of regular PI observations. We present all the data accumulated from the start of ALMA operations until May 2022 for 1047 calibrator fields across the southern sky spanning ALMA Bands 3 to 10 (~ 84 - 950 GHz), so-called ALMACAL-22. Encompassing over 1000 square arcmin and accumulating over 2000 hours of integration time, ALMACAL is not only one of the largest ALMA surveys to date, but it continues to grow with each new scientific observation. We outline the methods for processing and imaging a subset of the highest-quality data ('pruned sample'). Using deconvolution techniques within the visibility data (uv plane), we created data cubes as the final product for further scientific analysis. We describe the properties and shortcomings of ALMACAL and compare its area and sensitivity with other sub-millimetre surveys. Notably, ALMACAL overcomes limitations of previous sub-millimetre surveys, such as small sky coverage and the effects of cosmic variance. Moreover, we discuss the improvements introduced by the latest version of this dataset that will enhance our understanding of dusty star-forming galaxies, extragalactic absorption lines, active galactic nucleus physics, and ultimately the evolution of molecular gas.

astro-ph.GA↗

arXiv2022

MUSE-ALMA Haloes VIII: Statistical Study of Circumgalactic Medium Gas

The distribution of gas and metals in the circumgalactic medium (CGM) plays a critical role in how galaxies evolve. The MUSE-ALMA Halos survey combines MUSE, ALMA and HST observations to constrain the properties of the multi-phase gas in the CGM and the galaxies associated with the gas probed in absorption. In this paper, we analyse the properties of galaxies associated with 32 strong \ion{H}{i} Ly-$\alpha$ absorbers at redshift $0.2 \lesssim z \lesssim 1.4$. We detect 79 galaxies within $\pm 500$ \kms \!of the absorbers in our 19 MUSE fields. These associated galaxies are found at physical distances from 5.7 kpc and reach star-formation rates as low as $0.1$ \Moyr. The significant number of associated galaxies allows us to map their physical distribution on the $\Delta v$ and $b$ plane. Building on previous studies, we examine the physical and nebular properties of these associated galaxies and find the following: i) 27/32 absorbers have galaxy counterparts and more than 50 per cent of the absorbers have two or more associated galaxies, ii) the \ion{H}{i} column density of absorbers is anti-correlated with the impact parameter (scaled by virial radius) of the nearest galaxy as expected from simulations, iii) the metallicity of associated galaxies is typically larger than the absorber metallicity which decreases at larger impact parameters. It becomes clear that while strong \ion{H}{i} absorbers are typically associated with more than a single galaxy, we can use them to statistically map the gas and metal distribution in the CGM.

astro-ph.GA↗

arXiv2022

MUSE-ALMA Haloes VII: Survey Science Goals & Design, Data Processing and Final Catalogues

The gas cycling in the circumgalactic regions of galaxies is known to be multi-phase. The MUSE-ALMA Haloes survey gathers a large multi-wavelength observational sample of absorption and emission data with the goal to significantly advance our understanding of the physical properties of such CGM gas. A key component of the MUSE-ALMA Haloes survey is the multi-facility observational campaign conducted with VLT/MUSE, ALMA and HST. MUSE-ALMA Haloes targets comprise 19 VLT/MUSE IFS quasar fields, including 32 $z_{\rm abs}<$0.85 strong absorbers with measured N$_{HI}$ $\geq 10^{18}$ cm$^{\rm -2}$ from UV-spectroscopy. We additionally use a new complementary HST medium program to characterise the stellar content of the galaxies through a 40-orbit three-band UVIS and IR WFC3 imaging. Beyond the absorber-selected targets, we detect 3658 sources all fields combined, including 703 objects with spectroscopic redshifts. This galaxy-selected sample constitutes the main focus of the current paper. We have secured millimeter ALMA observations of some of the fields to probe the molecular gas properties of these objects. Here, we present the overall survey science goals, target selection, observational strategy, data processing and source identification of the full sample. Furthermore, we provide catalogues of magnitude measurements for all objects detected in VLT/MUSE, ALMA and HST broad-band images and associated spectroscopic redshifts derived from VLT/MUSE observations. Together, this data set provides robust characterisation of the neutral atomic gas, molecular gas and stars in the same objects resulting in the baryon census of condensed matter in complex galaxy structures.

astro-ph.GA↗

arXiv2021

A Report to ESO Council on the Impact of Satellite Constellations

Up to 100,000 satellites could be launched into Low Earth Orbit (LEO) in the coming decade. Assuming the two most advanced companies' plans are realised, close to 80,000 satellites will be present at a variety of altitudes between 328 - 1,325 km. At Paranal, more than 5,000 satellites will be over the horizon at any given time. Of these, depending on the hour of night and season, a few hundred to several thousand will be illuminated by the sun and potentially detectable. Satellites show a very strong concentration towards the local horizon, with over 50% of the satellites below 20 degrees elevation. This report informs ESO's Council of the impacts on ESO facilities, mitigation measures that ESO could adopt in the future, and the various community efforts in which ESO is involved.

astro-ph.IM↗

arXiv2021

MUSE-ALMA Halos VI: Coupling Atomic, Ionised & Molecular Gas Kinematics of Galaxies

We present results of MUSE-ALMA Halos, an ongoing study of the Circumgalactic Medium (CGM) of galaxies ($z \leq$ 1.4). Using multi-phase observations we probe the neutral, ionised and molecular gas in a sub-sample containing six absorbers and nine associated galaxies in the redshift range $z \sim 0.3-0.75$. Here, we give an in-depth analysis of the newly CO-detected galaxy Q2131-G1 ($z=0.42974$), while providing stringent mass and depletion time limits for the non-detected galaxies. Q2131-G1 is associated with an absorber with column densities of $\textrm{log}(N_\textrm{HI}/\textrm{cm}^{-2}) \sim 19.5$ and $\textrm{log}(N_{\textrm{H}_2}/\textrm{cm}^{-2}) \sim 16.5$, has a star formation rate of $\textrm{SFR} = 2.00 \pm 0.20 \; \textrm{M}_{\odot} \textrm{yr}^{-1}$, a dark matter fraction of $f_\textrm{DM}(r_{1/2}) = 0.24 - 0.54$ and a molecular gas mass of $M_\textrm{mol} = 3.52 ^{+3.95}_{-0.31} \times 10^9 \; \textrm{M}_{\odot}$ resulting in a depletion time of $\tau_\textrm{dep} < 4.15 \; \textrm{Gyr}$. Kinematic modelling of both the CO (3--2) and [OIII] $\lambda 5008$ emission lines of Q2131-G1 shows that the molecular and ionised gas phases are well aligned directionally and that the maximum rotation velocities closely match. These two gas phases within the disk are strongly coupled. The metallicity, kinematics and orientation of the atomic and molecular gas traced by a two-component absorption feature is consistent with being part of the extended rotating disk with a well-separated additional component associated with infalling gas. Compared to emission-selected samples, we find that HI-selected galaxies have high molecular gas masses given their low star formation rate. We consequently derive high depletion times for these objects.

astro-ph.GA↗

arXiv2016

A new VLA/e-MERLIN limit on central images in the gravitational lens system CLASS B1030+074

We present new VLA 22-GHz and e-MERLIN 5-GHz observations of CLASS B1030+074, a two-image strong gravitational lens system whose background source is a compact flat-spectrum radio quasar. In such systems we expect a third image of the background source to form close to the centre of the lensing galaxy. The existence and brightness of such images is important for investigation of the central mass distributions of lensing galaxies, but only one secure detection has been made so far in a galaxy-scale lens system. The noise levels achieved in our new B1030+074 images reach 3 microJy/beam and represent an improvement in central image constraints of nearly an order of magnitude over previous work, with correspondingly better resulting limits on the shape of the central mass profile of the lensing galaxy. Simple models with an isothermal outer power law slope now require either the influence of a central supermassive black hole, or an inner power law slope very close to isothermal, in order to suppress the central image below our detection limit. Using the central mass profiles inferred from light distributions in Virgo galaxies, moved to z=0.5, and matching to the observed Einstein radius, we now find that 45% of such mass profiles should give observable central images, 10% should give central images with a flux density still below our limit, and the remaining systems have extreme demagnification produced by the central SMBH. Further observations of similar objects will therefore allow proper statistical constraints to be placed on the central properties of elliptical galaxies at high redshift.

astro-ph.CO↗