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Andrew Turner

Publications and source records attributed to Andrew Turner.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
arXiv2025

Theoretical novel medical isotope production with deuterium-tritium fusion technology

Background: The emergence and growth of fusion technology enables investigative studies into its applications beyond typical power production facilities. This study seeks to determine the viability of medical isotope production with the neutrons produced in an example large fusion device. Using FISPACT-II (a nuclear inventory code) and a simulated fusion spectrum, the production yields of a significant number of potentially clinically relevant (both in use and novel) medical isotopes were calculated. Comparative calculations were also conducted against existing production routes. Results: Depending on the neutron flux of the fusion device, it could be an ideal technology to produce alpha-emitters such as 212Bi/212Pb, it may be able to contribute to the production of 99mTc/99Mo, and could offer an alternative route in the production a few Auger-emitting candidates. There is also a long list of beta-emitting nuclides where fusion technology may be best placed to produce over existing technologies including 67Cu, 90Y and 47Sc. Conclusions: It is theoretically viable to produce existing and novel medical isotopes with fusion technology. However, a significant number of assumptions form the basis of this study which would need to be studied further for any particular nuclide of interest.

physics.med-ph↗
arXiv2023

Emissions and energy efficiency on large-scale high performance computing facilities: ARCHER2 UK national supercomputing service case study

Large supercomputing facilities are critical to research in many areas that impact on decisions such as how to address the current climate emergency. For example, climate modelling, renewable energy facility design and new battery technologies. However, these systems themselves are a source of large amounts of emissions due to the embodied emissions associated with their construction, transport, and decommissioning; and the power consumption associated with running the facility. Recently, the UK National Supercomputing Service, ARCHER2, has been analysing the impact of the facility in terms of energy and emissions. Based on this work, we have made changes to the operation of the service that give a cumulative saving of more than 20% in power draw of the computational resources with all application benchmarks showing reduced power to solution. In this paper, we describe our analysis and the changes made to the operation of the service to improve its energy efficiency, and thereby reduce its climate impacts.

cs.DC↗
arXiv2023

Disposable face masks: a direct source for inhalation of microplastics

Surgical masks have played a crucial role in healthcare facilities to protect against respiratory and infectious diseases, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the synthetic fibers, mainly made of polypropylene, used in their production may adversely affect the environment and human health. Recent studies have confirmed the presence of microplastics and fibers in human lungs and have related these synthetic particles with the occurrence of pulmonary ground glass nodules. Using a piston system to simulate human breathing, this study investigates the role of surgical masks as a direct source of inhalation of microplastics. Results reveal the release of particles of sizes ranging from nanometers (300 nm) to millimeters (~2 mm) during normal breathing conditions, raising concerns about the potential health risks. Notably, large visible particles (> 1 mm) were observed to be ejected from masks with limited wear after only a few breathing cycles. Given the widespread use of masks by healthcare workers and the potential future need for mask usage by the general population during seasonal infectious diseases or new pandemics, developing face masks using safe materials for both users and the environment is imperative.

physics.med-ph↗
arXiv2023

Project Aria: A New Tool for Egocentric Multi-Modal AI Research

Egocentric, multi-modal data as available on future augmented reality (AR) devices provides unique challenges and opportunities for machine perception. These future devices will need to be all-day wearable in a socially acceptable form-factor to support always available, context-aware and personalized AI applications. Our team at Meta Reality Labs Research built the Aria device, an egocentric, multi-modal data recording and streaming device with the goal to foster and accelerate research in this area. In this paper, we describe the Aria device hardware including its sensor configuration and the corresponding software tools that enable recording and processing of such data.

cs.HC↗
arXiv2023

Automated service monitoring in the deployment of ARCHER2

The ARCHER2 service, a CPU based HPE Cray EX system with 750,080 cores (5,860 nodes), has been deployed throughout 2020 and 2021, going into full service in December of 2021. A key part of the work during this deployment was the integration of ARCHER2 into our local monitoring systems. As ARCHER2 was one of the very first large-scale EX deployments, this involved close collaboration and development work with the HPE team through a global pandemic situation where collaboration and co-working was significantly more challenging than usual. The deployment included the creation of automated checks and visual representations of system status which needed to be made available to external parties for diagnosis and interpretation. We will describe how these checks have been deployed and how data gathered played a key role in the deployment of ARCHER2, the commissioning of the plant infrastructure, the conduct of HPL runs for submission to the Top500 and contractual monitoring of the availability of the ARCHER2 service during its commissioning and early life.

cs.DC↗
arXiv2020

Investigating Applications on the A64FX

The A64FX processor from Fujitsu, being designed for computational simulation and machine learning applications, has the potential for unprecedented performance in HPC systems. In this paper, we evaluate the A64FX by benchmarking against a range of production HPC platforms that cover a number of processor technologies. We investigate the performance of complex scientific applications across multiple nodes, as well as single node and mini-kernel benchmarks. This paper finds that the performance of the A64FX processor across our chosen benchmarks often significantly exceeds other platforms, even without specific application optimisations for the processor instruction set or hardware. However, this is not true for all the benchmarks we have undertaken. Furthermore, the specific configuration of applications can have an impact on the runtime and performance experienced.

cs.PF↗
arXiv2019

Analysis of parallel I/O use on the UK national supercomputing service, ARCHER using Cray LASSi and EPCC SAFE

In this paper, we describe how we have used a combination of the LASSi tool (developed by Cray) and the SAFE software (developed by EPCC) to collect and analyse Lustre I/O performance data for all jobs running on the UK national supercomputing service, ARCHER; and to provide reports on I/O usage for users in our standard reporting framework. We also present results from analysis of parallel I/O use on ARCHER and analysis on the potential impact of different applications on file system performance using metrics we have derived from the LASSi data. We show that the performance data from LASSi reveals how the same application can stress different components of the file system depending on how it is run, and how the LASSi risk metrics allow us to identify use cases that could potentially cause issues for global I/O performance and work with users to improve their I/O use. We use the IO-500 benchmark to help us understand how LASSi risk metrics correspond to observed performance on the ARCHER file systems. We also use LASSi data imported into SAFE to identify I/O use patterns associated with different research areas, understand how the research workflow gives rise to the observed patterns and project how this will affect I/O requirements in the future. Finally, we provide an overview of likely future directions for the continuation of this work.

cs.DC↗
arXiv2019

Evaluating the Arm Ecosystem for High Performance Computing

In recent years, Arm-based processors have arrived on the HPC scene, offering an alternative the existing status quo, which was largely dominated by x86 processors. In this paper, we evaluate the Arm ecosystem, both the hardware offering and the software stack that is available to users, by benchmarking a production HPC platform that uses Marvell's ThunderX2 processors. We investigate the performance of complex scientific applications across multiple nodes, and we also assess the maturity of the software stack and the ease of use from a users' perspective. This papers finds that the performance across our benchmarking applications is generally as good as, or better, than that of well-established platforms, and we can conclude from our experience that there are no major hurdles that might hinder wider adoption of this ecosystem within the HPC community.

cs.DC↗
arXiv2014

Neutron shielding and activation of the MASTU device and surrounds

A significant functional upgrade is planned for the Mega Ampere Spherical Tokamak (MAST) device, located at Culham in the UK, including the implementation of a notably greater neutral beam injection power. This upgrade will cause the emission of a substantially increased intensity of neutron radiation for a substantially increased amount of time upon operation of the device. Existing shielding and activation precautions are shown to prove insufficient in some regards, and recommendations for improvements are made, including the following areas: shielding doors to MAST shielded facility enclosure (known as "the blockhouse"); north access tunnel; blockhouse roof; west cabling duct. In addition, some specific neutronic dose rate questions are addressed and answered; those discussed here relate to shielding penetrations and dose rate reflected from the air above the device ("skyshine").

physics.ins-det↗
arXiv2013

Simplifying the Development, Use and Sustainability of HPC Software

Developing software to undertake complex, compute-intensive scientific processes requires a challenging combination of both specialist domain knowledge and software development skills to convert this knowledge into efficient code. As computational platforms become increasingly heterogeneous and newer types of platform such as Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) cloud computing become more widely accepted for HPC computations, scientists require more support from computer scientists and resource providers to develop efficient code and make optimal use of the resources available to them. As part of the libhpc stage 1 and 2 projects we are developing a framework to provide a richer means of job specification and efficient execution of complex scientific software on heterogeneous infrastructure. The use of such frameworks has implications for the sustainability of scientific software. In this paper we set out our developing understanding of these challenges based on work carried out in the libhpc project.

cs.DC↗
arXiv2013

Neutronics Analysis of the ITER In-Vessel Viewing System

The In-Vessel Viewing System (IVVS) in ITER consists of six identical units which are deployed between pulses or during shutdown, to perform visual examination and metrology of plasma facing components. The system is housed in dedicated ports at B1 level, with deployment at the level between the divertor cassettes and the lowermost outboard blanket modules. Boron carbide shielding blocks are envisaged to protect the sensitive components of the IVVS from damage during operations, and personnel from radiation fields. In order to progress the design of the IVVS beyond the pre-conceptual stage, analyses were conducted using MCNP to determine the acceptability of a series of different shielding configurations.

physics.ins-det↗