Sound-wave interference reveals the symmetry of a quantum transition
A single sound quantum emitted from two places interferes with itself, like a particle passing through two slits. The fringe position reveals whether the sources emit with the same sign (symmetric) or opposite signs (antisymmetric). Knowing this symmetry is important because qubits in solids lose energy by emitting such sound quanta, phonons. For a qubit shared between two sites, antisymmetric emission cancels at long wavelengths, suppressing energy loss, whereas symmetric emission does not. Lifetime measurements give only the total loss and cannot distinguish them. Such fringes appear in double quantum dots, but their position has not been analysed. Here we measure it for single phonons emitted as one hole tunnels between two gallium arsenide quantum dots. Using a quantitative model of sound focusing in the crystal, we find that the two dots emit antisymmetrically, as expected for a moving charge, with only a small symmetric part. Spin-flip transitions in a magnetic field weaken the fringes without shifting them. For double-dot charge qubits, antisymmetric emission is predicted to reduce phonon losses strongly at the frequencies where qubits operate, and phonon interferometry gives a direct way to measure how qubits release energy and to design longer-lived qubits.