arXiv subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Anima Nagar.
The dual concepts of `universality' and `hypercyclicity' are better understood and studied as `topological transitivity'. In this article we consider transitivity properties of skew products, essentially with non-compact fibers. We study the `Universality Conditions' and `Hypercyclicity Criterion' associated with the dynamical properties of transitivity, weakly mixing and mixing for these skew products.
In this article we give several characterizations for various transitivity properties for linear operators. We define a general form of `Hypercyclicity Criterion' using a Furstenberg family $\mathcal{F}$ to characterize $\mathcal{F}$-transitive operators. In particular, we find an equivalent characterization for mixing operators. We study proximal and asymptotic relations for linear operators and prove that the difference between mixing operators and Kitai's Criterion can be presented through these relations. Finally, we find an equivalent characterization of strongly transitive abd strongly product transitive operators.
Topological dynamics constitutes the study of asymptotic properties of orbits under flows or maps on the Hausdorff phase space. Hyperbolic dynamics is the study of differentiable flows or maps that are usually characterized by the presence of expanding and contracting directions for the associated derivative on some manifold. We study some topological dynamics, essentially the property of `proximality', of two prototype examples of hyperbolic dynamical systems - \emph{Arnold's Cat Map} and \emph{Smale's Horseshoe Map} as an attempt to find some analogies in these two directions of study.
Relations always play an important role in the study of topological dynamics. Proximal, distal and almost periodic relations are well studied in literature. We further this direction and analogously study the strongly proximal and weakly distal relations. This gives a new class of flows - the weakly distal flows. We observe that the well known Morse-Thue substitution flows and Chacon transformations are weakly distal.
We consider the topological dynamics of closed relations(CR) by studying one of the oldest dynamical property - `transitivity'. We investigate the two kinds of (closed relation) CR-dynamical systems - $(X,G)$ where the relation $G \subseteq X \times X$ is closed and $(X,G, \bullet)$ giving the `suitable dynamics' for a suitable closed relation $G$, where $X$ is assumed to be a compact metric space without isolated points. $(X,G)$ gives a general approach to study initial value problems for a set of initial conditions, whereas $(X,G, \bullet)$ gives a general approach to study the dynamics of both continuous and quasi-continuous maps. We observe that the dynamics of closed relations is richer than the dynamics of maps and find that we have much more versions of transitivity for these closed relations than what is known for maps.
Topological dynamical systems $(X,T)$ are actions $T \times X \to X$, given as $(t, x) \to tx$, on a compact, Hausdorff topological space $X$ with $T$ as an acting group or monoid. We take up the property of topological transitivity especially for semiflows $(X,S)$ and discuss the variations in its definitions.
\textsc{J. Hadamard} studied the geometric properties of geodesic flows on surfaces of negative curvature, thus initiating "Symbolic Dynamics". In this article, we follow the same geometric approach to study the geodesic trajectories of billiards in "rational polygons" on the hyperbolic plane. We particularly show that the billiard dynamics resulting thus are just 'Subshifts of Finite Type' or their dense subsets. We further show that 'Subshifts of Finite Type' play a central role in subshift dynamics and while discussing the topological structure of the space of all subshifts, we demonstrate that they approximate any shift dynamics.
We consider flows $(X,T)$, given by actions $(t, x) \to tx$, on a compact metric space $X$ with a discrete $T$ as an acting group. We study a new class of flows - the \textsc{Strongly Rigid} ($ \mathbf {SR} $) \ flows, that are properly contained in the class of distal ($ \mathbf D $) flows and properly contain the class of all equicontinuous ($ \mathbf {EQ} $) flows. Thus, $\mathbf {EQ} \ \text{flows} \subsetneqq \mathbf {SR} \ \text{flows} \subsetneqq \mathbf{ D} \ \text{flows}$. The concepts of equicontinuity, strong rigidity and distality coincide for the induced flow $(2^X,T)$. We observe that strongly rigid $(X,T)$ gives distinct properties for the induced flow $(2^X,T)$ and its enveloping semigroup $E(2^X)$. We further study strong rigidity in case of particular semiflows $(X,S)$, with $S$ being a discrete acting semigroup.
In topological dynamics, the dynamical behavior sometimes has a sharp contrast when the action is by semigroups or monoids to when the action is by groups. In this article we bring out this contrast while discussing the equivalence of almost periodicity and minimality, and some implications when every point is an almost periodic point.
A flow $(X,T)$ induces the flow $(2^X,T)$. Quasifactors are minimal subsystems of $(2^X, T)$ and hence orbit closures of almost periodic points for $(2^X, T)$. We study quasifactors via the almost periodic points for $(2^X,T)$.
Let $(X,d)$ be a compact metric space and $f:X \to X$ be a self-map. The compact dynamical system $(X,f)$ is called sensitive or sensitivity depends on initial conditions, if there is a positive constant $δ$ such that in each non-empty open subset there are distinct points whose iterates will be $δ-$apart at same instance. This dynamical property, though being a very weak one, brings in the essence of unpredictability in the system. In this article, we survey various sensitivities and some properties implied by and implying such sensitivities.
A compact metric space $X$ and a discrete topological acting group $T$ give a flow $(X,T)$. Robert Ellis had initiated the study of dynamical properties of the flow $(X,T)$ via the algebraic properties of its "Enveloping Semigroup" $E(X)$. This concept of \emph{Enveloping Semigroups} that he defined, has turned out to be a very fundamental tool in the abstract theory of `topological dynamics'. The flow $(X,T)$ induces the flow $(2^X,T)$. Such a study was first initiated by Eli Glasner who studied the properties of this induced flow by defining and using the notion of a `circle operator' as an action of $\beta T$ on $2^X$, where $\beta T$ is the \emph{Stone-$\check{C}$ech compactification} of $T$ and also a universal enveloping semigroup. We propose that the study of properties for the induced flow $(2^X,T)$ be made using the algebraic properties of $E(2^X)$ on the lines of Ellis' \ theory, instead of looking into the action of $\beta T$ on $2^X$ via the circle operator as done by Glasner. Such a study requires extending the present theory on the flow $(E(X),T)$. In this article, we take up such a study giving some subtle relations between the semigroups $E(X)$ and $E(2^X)$ and some interesting associated consequences.
In this article, we compare the dynamics of the shift map and its induced counterpart on the hyperspace of the shift space. We show that many of the properties of induced shift map can be easily demonstrated by appropriate sequences of symbols. We compare the dynamics of the shift system $(Ω, σ)$ with its induced counterpart $(\mathcal{K}(Ω),\overlineσ)$, where $\mathcal{K}(Ω)$ is the hyperspace of all nonempty compact subsets of $Ω$. Recently, such comparisons have been studied a lot for general spaces. We continue the same study in case of shift spaces, and bring out the significance of such a study in terms of sequences. We compare the mixing properties, denseness of periodic points, various forms of sensitivity and expansivity of the shift map and its induced counterpart. In particular, we show their equivalence in case of the full shift. We also look into the special case of subshifts of finite type, and in particular prove that the properties of weakly mixing, mixing and sensitivity are equivalent in both systems. And in the case of any general subshift, we show that the concept of cofinite sensitivity is equivalent in both systems and for transitive subshifts, cofinite sensitivity is equivalent to syndectic sensitivity. In the process we prove that all sturmian subshifts are cofinitely sensitive.
We describe various strengthenings of the concept of topological transitivity. Especially when one departs from the family of invertible systems, a number of interesting properties arise. We present the architecture of implications among ten reasonable notions of transitivity.
In this paper, we study the dynamical properties of actions on the space of compact subsets of the phase space. More precisely, if $X$ is a metric space, let $2^X$ denote the space of non-empty compact subsets of $X$ provided with the Hausdorff topology. If $f$ is a continuous self-map on $X$, there is a naturally induced continuous self-map $f_*$ on $2^X$. Our main theme is the interrelation between the dynamics of $f$ and $f_*$. For such a study, it is useful to consider the space $\mathcal{C}(K,X)$ of continuous maps from a Cantor set $K$ to $X$ provided with the topology of uniform convergence, and $f_*$ induced on $\mathcal{C}(K,X)$ by composition of maps. We mainly study the properties of transitive points of the induced system $(2^X,f_*)$ both topologically and dynamically, and give some examples. We also look into some more properties of the system $(2^X,f_*)$.
We study different conditions which turn out to be equivalent to equicontinuity for a transitive compact Hausdorff flow with a general group action. Among them are a notion of "regional" equicontinuity, also known as "Furstenberg" condition, and the condition that every point of the phase space is almost automorphic. Then we study relations on the phase space arising from dynamical properties, among them the regionally proximal relation and two relations introduced by Veech. We generalize Veech's results for minimal actions of non-Abelian groups preserving a probability measure with respect to the regionally proximal relation. We provide proofs in the framework of dynamical systems rather than harmonic analysis as given by Veech.