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Anirudh Pradhan

Publications and source records attributed to Anirudh Pradhan.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources

Bianchi type-I transit cosmological models with time dependent gravitational and cosmological constants - reexamined

The present study reexamines the recent work of Pradhan et al. (Indian J. Phys. 88: 757, 2014) and obtained general exact solutions of the Einstein's field equations with variable gravitational and cosmological "constants" for a spatially homogeneous and anisotropic Bianchi type-I space-time. To study the transit behaviour of Universe, we consider a law of variation of scale factor $a(t) = \left(t^{k} e^{t}\right)^{\frac{1}{n}}$ which yields a time dependent deceleration parameter $q = - 1 + \frac{nk}{(k + t)^{2}}$, comprising a class of models that depicts a transition of the universe from the early decelerated phase to the recent accelerating phase. We find that the time dependent deceleration parameter is reasonable for the present day Universe and give an appropriate description of the evolution of the universe. For $n = 0.27k$, we obtain $q_{0} = -0.73$ which is similar to observed value of deceleration parameter at present epoch. It is also observed that for $n \geq 2$ and $k = 1$, we obtain a class of transit models of the universe from early decelerating to present accelerating phase. For $k = 0$, the universe has non-singular origin. In these models, we arrive at the decision that, from the structure of the field equations, the behaviour of cosmological and gravitational constants and are related. Taking into consideration the observational data, we conclude that the cosmological constant behaves as a positive decreasing function of time whereas gravitational constant is increasing and tend to a constant value at late time. $H(z)/(1+z)$ data ($32$ points) and model prediction as a function of redshift for different $k$ and $n$ are successfully presented by using recent data (Farooq and Ratra, Astrophys. J. 66: L7, 2013). Some physical and geometric properties of the models are also discussed.

physics.gen-ph↗

Unifying inflation with late-time acceleration in BIonic system

In this research, we propose a new model that allows to unify inflation, deceleration and acceleration phases of expansion history in BIonic system. In this model, in the beginning, there have been $k$ black fundamental strings that transited to the BIon configuration at a corresponding point. At this point, two universe brane and universe antibrane have been created, interacted with each other via one wormhole and inflated. With decreasing temperature, the energy of this wormhole flowed into universe branes and lead to inflation. After a short time, wormhole died, inflation ended and deceleration epoch started. With approaching two universe brane and antibrane together, tachyon was born, grew and caused creation of one new wormhole. At this time, two universe brane and antibrane connected again and late-time acceleration era of the universe began. We compare our model with previous unified phantom model and observational data and obtain some cosmological parameters like temperature in terms of time. We also find that deceleration parameter is negative during inflation and late-time acceleration epochs and positive during deceleration era. This means that our model is consistent with previous prediction and cosmological experiments.

gr-qc↗

Fluid sphere: stability problem and dimensional constraint

We study different dimensional fluids inspired by noncommutative geometry which admit conformal Killing vectors. The solutions of the Einstein field equations examined specifically for five different set of spacetime. We calculate the active gravitational mass and impose stability conditions of the fluid sphere. The analysis thus carried out immediately indicates that at $4$-dimension only one can get a stable configuration for any spherically symmetric stellar system and any other dimensions, lower or higher, becomes untenable as far as the stability of a system is concerned.

gr-qc↗

Emergence and Expansion of Cosmic Space in BIonic system

Recently, Padmanabhan [arXiv:1206.4916] argued that the expansion rate of the universe can be thought of as the emergence of space as cosmic time progresses and is related to the difference between the surface degrees of freedom on the holographic horizon and the bulk degrees of freedom inside. The main question arises as to what is origin of emergence of space in 4D universe? We answer to this question in BIonic system. The BIon is a configuration in flat space of a D-brane and a parallel anti-D-brane connected by a thin shell wormhole with F-string charge. We propose a new model that allows all degrees of freedom inside and outside the universe are controlled by the evolutions of BIon in extra dimension and tend to degrees of freedom of black F-string in string theory or black M2-brane in M theory.

gr-qc↗

Bianchi Type-$V$ cosmology in $f(R,T)$ gravity with $Λ(T)$

A new class of cosmological models in $f(R, T)$ modified theories of gravity proposed by Harko et al. (2011), where the gravitational Lagrangian is given by an arbitrary function of Ricci scalar $R$ and the trace of the stress-energy tensor $T$, have been investigated for a specific choice of $f(R, T) = f_{1}(R) + f_{2}(T)$ by considering time dependent deceleration parameter. The concept of time dependent deceleration parameter (DP) with some proper assumptions yield the average scale factor $a(t) = \sinh^{\frac{1}{n}}(αt)$, where $n$ and $α$ are positive constants. For $0 < n \leq 1$, this generates a class of accelerating models while for $n > 1$, the models of universe exhibit phase transition from early decelerating phase to present accelerating phase which is in good agreement with the results from recent astrophysical observations. Our intention is to reconstruct $f(R,T)$ models inspired by this special law for the deceleration parameter in connection with the theories of modified gravity. In the present study we consider the cosmological constant $Λ$ as a function of the trace of the stress energy-momentum-tensor, and dub such a model "$Λ(T)$ gravity" where we have specified a certain form of $Λ(T)$. Such models may display better uniformity with the cosmological observations. The statefinder diagnostic pair $\{r,s\}$ parameter has been embraced to characterize different phases of the universe. We also discuss the physical consequences of the derived models.

physics.gen-ph↗

String Cosmological Model in Cylindrically Symmetric Inhomogeneous Universe with Electromagnetic Field

Cylindrically symmetric inhomogeneous string cosmological models in presence of electromagnetic field is investigated. We have assumed that $F_{12}$ is the only non-vanishing component of $F_{ij}$. The Maxwell's equations require that $F_{12}$ is the function of $x$ and $t$ both and the magnetic permeability is the function of $x$ and $t$ both. To get the deterministic solution, it has been assumed that the expansion ($θ$) in the model is proportional to the eigen value $σ^{1}_{1}$ of the shear tensor $σ^{i}_{j}$. The derived model represents the inflationary scenario as the proper volume increases exponentially with cosmic time. It is observed that the model has a point type singularity. The physical and geometric aspects of the model are also discussed.

gr-qc↗

Viscous Dark Energy and Phantom Field in An Anisotropic Universe

In this paper we have investigated the general form of viscous and non-viscous dark energy equation of state (EoS) parameter in the scope of anisotropic Bianchi type I space-time. We show that the presence of bulk viscosity causes transition of $ω^{de}$ from quintessence to phantom but the phantom state is an unstable state (as expected) and EoS of DE tends to $-1$ at late time. Then we show this phantomic description of the viscous dark energy and reconstruct the potential of the phantom scalar field. It is found that bulk viscosity pushes the universe to a darker region. We have also shown that at late time $q\sim-Ω^{de}$.

gr-qc↗

Two-fluid atmosphere from decelerating to accelerating FRW dark energy models

The evolution of the dark energy parameter within the scope of a spatially homogeneous and isotropic Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) model filled with perfect fluid and dark energy components is studied by generalizing the recent results (Amirhashchi et al. in Int. J. Theor. Phys. 50: 3529, 2011b). The two sources are claimed to interact minimally so that their energy momentum tensors are conserved separately. The conception of time-dependent deceleration parameter (DP) with some suitable assumption yields an average scale factor $a = [\sinh (αt)]^{\frac{1}{n}}$, with $α$ and $n$ being positive arbitrary constants. For $0 < n \leq 1$, this generates a class of accelerating models while for $n > 1$, the models of universe exhibit phase transition from early decelerating phase to present accelerating phase which is supported with the results from recent astrophysical observations. It is observed that the transition red shift ($z_{t}$) for our derived model with $q_{0} = -0.73$ is $\cong 0.32$. This is in good agreement with the cosmological observations in the literature. Some physical and geometric properties of the model along with physical acceptability of cosmological solutions have been discussed in detail.

physics.gen-ph↗

Two-Fluid Dark Energy Models in Bianchi Type-III Universe with Variable Deceleration Parameter

Some new exact solutions of Einstein's field equations have come forth within the scope of a spatially homogeneous and anisotropic Bianchi type-III space-time filled with barotropic fluid and dark energy by considering a variable deceleration parameter. We consider the case when the dark energy is minimally coupled to the perfect fluid as well as direct interaction with it. Under the suitable condition, the anisotropic models approach to isotropic scenario. We also find that during the evolution of the universe, the equation of state (EoS) for dark energy $ω^{(de)}$, in both cases, tends to -1 (cosmological constant, $ω^{(de)} = -1$), by displaying various patterns as time increases, which is consistent with recent observations. The cosmic jerk parameter in our derived models are in good agreement with the recent data of astrophysical observations under appropriate condition. It is observed that the universe starts from an asymptotic Einstein static era and reaches to the $Λ$CDM model. So from recently developed Statefinder parameters, the behavior of different stages of the universe has been studied. The physical and geometric properties of cosmological models are also discussed.

astro-ph.CO↗

Anisotropic Bianchi-I Cosmological Models in String Cosmology with Variable Deceleration Parameter

The present study deals with spatially homogeneous and anisotropic Bianchi-I cosmological model representing massive strings. The energy-momentum tensor, as formulated by Letelier (Phys. Rev. D 28: 2414, 1983) has been used to construct massive string cosmological model for which we assume that the expansion scalar in the model is proportional to one of the components of shear tensor. The Einstein's field equations have been solved by considering time dependent deceleration parameter which renders the scale factor $a = (\sinh(αt))^{\frac{1}{n}}$, where $α$ and $n$ are constants. It has been detected that, for $n > 1$, the presented model has a transition of the universe from the early decelerated phase to the recent accelerating phase at present epoch while for $0 < n \leq 1$, this describes purely accelerating universe which is consistent with recent astrophysical observations. Moreover, some physical and geometric properties of the model along with physical acceptability of the solutions have been also discussed in detail.

physics.gen-ph↗

Interacting Two-Fluid Viscous Dark Energy Models In Non-Flat Universe

We study the evolution of the dark energy parameter within the scope of a spatially non-flat and isotropic Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) model filled with barotropic fluid and bulk viscous stresses. We have obtained cosmological solutions which exhibit without a big rip singularity. It is concluded that in both non-interacting and interacting cases non-flat open universe crosses the phantom region. We find that during the evolution of the universe, the equation of state (EoS) for dark energy $ω_{D}$ changes from $ω^{eff}_{D} < -1$ to $ω^{eff}_{D} > -1$, which is consistent with recent observations.

astro-ph.CO↗

Accelerating dark energy models with anisotropic fluid in Bianchi type-$VI_{0}$ space-time

Motivated by the increasing evidence for the need of a geometry that resembles Bianchi morphology to explain the observed anisotropy in the WMAP data, we have discussed some features of the Bianchi type-$VI_{0}$ universes in the presence of a fluid that wields an anisotropic equation of state (EoS) parameter in general relativity. We present two accelerating dark energy (DE) models with an anisotropic fluid in Bianchi type-$VI_{0}$ space-time. To prevail the deterministic solution we choose the scale factor $a(t) = \sqrt{t^{n}e^{t}}$, which yields a time-dependent deceleration parameter (DP), representing a class of models which generate a transition of the universe from the early decelerating phase to the recent accelerating phase. Under the suitable condition, the anisotropic models approach to isotropic scenario. The EoS for dark energy $ω$ is found to be time-dependent and its existing range for derived models is in good agreement with the recent observations of SNe Ia data (Knop et al. 2003), SNe Ia data with CMBR anisotropy and galaxy clustering statistics (Tegmark et al. 2004) and latest combination of cosmological datasets coming from CMB anisotropies, luminosity distances of high redshift type Ia supernovae and galaxy clustering (Hinshaw et al. 2009; Komatsu et al. 2009). For different values of $n$, we can generate a class of physically viable DE models.The cosmological constant $Λ$ is found to be a positive decreasing function of time and it approaches to a small positive value at late time (i.e. the present epoch) which is corroborated by results from recent type Ia supernovae observations. We also observe that our solutions are stable. The physical and geometric aspects of both the models are also discussed in detail.

physics.gen-ph↗

Two-Fluid Scenario for Dark Energy Models in an FRW Universe-Revisited

In this paper we study the evolution of the dark energy parameter within the scope of a spatially homogeneous and isotropic Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) model filled with barotropic fluid and dark energy by revisiting the recent results (Amirhashchi et al. in Chin. Phys. Lett. 28:039801, 2011a). To prevail the deterministic solution we select the scale factor $a(t) = \sqrt{t^{n}e^{t}}$ which generates a time-dependent deceleration parameter (DP), representing a model which generates a transition of the universe from the early decelerating phase to the recent accelerating phase. We consider the two cases of an interacting and non-interacting two-fluid (barotropic and dark energy) scenario and obtained general results. The cosmic jerk parameter in our derived model is also found to be in good agreement with the recent data of astrophysical observations under the suitable condition. The physical aspects of the models and the stability of the corresponding solutions are also discussed.

gr-qc↗

Accelerating Bianchi Type-V Cosmology with Perfect Fluid and Heat Flow in Saez-Ballester Theory

In this paper we discuss the law of variation of scale factor $a = (t^{k}e^{t})^{\frac{1}{n}}$ which yields a time-dependent deceleration parameter (DP) representing a new class of models that generate a transition of universe from the early decelerated phase to the recent accelerating phase. Exact solutions of Einstein's modified field equations with perfect fluid and heat conduction are obtained within the framework of Saez-Ballester scalar-tensor theory of gravitation and the model is found to be in good agreement with recent observations. We find, for n = 3, k = 1, the present value of DP in derived model as q_0 = -0.67 which is very near to the observed value of DP at present epoch. We find that the time-dependent DP is sensible for the present day Universe and give an earmark description of evolution of universe. Some physical and geometric properties of the models are also discussed.

physics.gen-ph↗

A New Class of Bianchi Type-I Cosmological Models in Scalar-Tensor Theory of Gravitation and Late Time Acceleration

A new class of a spatially homogeneous and anisotropic Bianchi type-I cosmological models of the universe for perfect fluid distribution within the framework of scalar-tensor theory of gravitation proposed by Saez and Ballester (Phys. Lett. 113:467, 1986) is investigated. To prevail the deterministic solutions we choose the different scale factors which yield time-dependent deceleration parameters (DP) representing models which generate a transition of the universe from the early decelerated phase to the recent accelerating phase. Three different physically viable models of the universe are obtained in which their anisotropic solutions may enter to some isotropic inflationary era. The modified Einstein's field equations are solved exactly and the models are found to be in good concordance with recent observations. Some physical and geometric properties of the models are also discussed.

physics.gen-ph↗

A New Class of LRS Bianchi Type ${\rm VI}_{0}$ Universes with Free Gravitational Field and Decaying Vacuum Energy Density

A new class of LRS Bianchi type ${\rm VI}_{0}$ cosmological models with free gravitational fields and a variable cosmological term is investigated in presence of perfect fluid as well as bulk viscous fluid. To get the deterministic solution we have imposed the two different conditions over the free gravitational fields. In first case we consider the free gravitational field as magnetic type whereas in second case `gravitational wrench' of unit `pitch" is supposed to be present in free gravitational field. The viscosity coefficient of bulk viscous fluid is assumed to be a power function of mass density. The cosmological constant $Λ$ is found to be a decreasing function of time and positive which is corroborated by results from recent supernovae Ia observations. The physical and geometric aspects of the models are discussed.

gr-qc↗

Accelerating dark energy models in bianchi Type-V space-time

Some new exact solutions of Einstein's field equations in a spatially homogeneous and anisotropic Bianchi type-V space-time with minimally interaction of perfect fluid and dark energy components have been obtained. To prevail the deterministic solution we choose the scale factor $a(t) = \sqrt{t^{n}e^{t}}$, which yields a time dependent deceleration parameter (DP), representing a model which generates a transition of the universe from the early decelerating phase to the recent accelerating phase. We find that for $n \geq 1$, the quintessence model is reproducible with present and expected future evolution of the universe. The other models (for $n < 1$), we observe the phantom scenario. The quintessence as well as phantom models approach to isotropy at late time. For different values of $n$, we can generate a class of physically viable DE models. The cosmic jerk parameter in our descended model is also found to be in good concordance with the recent data of astrophysical observations under appropriate condition. The physical and geometric properties of spatially homogeneous and anisotropic cosmological models are discussed.

physics.gen-ph↗

Bulk Viscous LRS Biachi-I Universe with variable $G$ and decaying $Λ$

The present study deals with spatially homogeneous and totally anisotropic locally rotationally symmetric (LRS) Bianchi type I cosmological model with variable $G$ and $Λ$ in presence of imperfect fluid. To get the deterministic model of Universe, we assume that the expansion $(θ)$ in the model is proportional to shear $(σ)$. This condition leads to $A=\ell B^{n}$, where $A$,\;$B$ are metric potential. The cosmological constant $Λ$ is found to be decreasing function of time and it approaches a small positive value at late time which is supported by recent Supernovae Ia (SN Ia) observations. Also it is evident that the distance modulus curve of derived model matches with observations perfectly.

physics.gen-ph↗