arXiv subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Anke Kalauch.
For a conditional expectation operator $T$ on a Dedekind complete Riesz space, we give representations of the $T$-strong duals of $L^1(T)$ and $L^\infty(T)$. The representation for the $T$-strong dual of $L^1(T)$ follows from the known result for $L^2(T)$. To describe the $T$-strong dual of $L^\infty(T)$, we introduce charges on components of weak order units and develop a corresponding integration theory.
For ordered normed vector spaces $X, Y$, we consider the space $\mathcal{L}(X,Y)$ of bounded linear operators and characterize when its cone of positive operators has non-empty interior. When this is satisfied, we give a functional representation of the closure $\mathcal{C}(X,Y)$ of the finite rank operators in $\mathcal{L}(X,Y)$. This space is particularly interesting since it coincides in many cases with the space of compact operators from $X$ to $Y$. Our functional representation has very good order properties in the sense that it is a so-called vector lattice cover of $\mathcal{C}(X,Y)$. This can be used to characterize disjointness of operators in $\mathcal{C}(X,Y)$ and to determine which operators have a modulus in $\mathcal{C}(X,Y)$. We demonstrate how our results can be applied to a variety of concrete spaces.
Every atomic JBW-algebra is known to be a direct sum of JBW-algebra factors of type I. Extending Kadison's anti-lattice theorem, we show that each of these factors is a disjointness free anti-lattice. We characterise disjointness, bands, and disjointness preserving bijections with disjointness preserving inverses in direct sums of disjointness free anti-lattices and, therefore, in atomic JBW-algebras. We show that in unital JB-algebras the algebraic centre and the order theoretical centre are isomorphic. Moreover, the order theoretical centre is a Riesz space of multiplication operators. A survey of JBW-algebra factors of type I is included.
Strong convergence and convergence in probability were generalized to the setting of a Riesz space with conditional expectation operator, T, in [Y. Azouzi, W.-C. Kuo, K. Ramdane, B. A. Watson, Convergence in Riesz spaces with conditional expectation operators, Positivity, 19 (2015), 647-657] as T-strong convergence and convergence in T- conditional probability, respectively. Generalized Lp spaces for the cases of p = 1; 2;1, were discussed in the setting of Riesz spaces as Lp(T) spaces in [C. C. A. Labuschagne, B. A. Watson, Discrete stochastic integration in Riesz spaces, Positivity, 14 (2010), 859-875]. An R(T) valued norm, for the cases of p = 1;1; was introduced on these spaces in [W. Kuo, M. Rogans, B.A. Watson, Mixing processes in Riesz spaces, Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Application, 456 (2017), 992-1004] where it was also shown that R(T) is a universally complete f-algebra and that these spaces are R(T)-modules. In [Y. Azouzi, M. Trabelsi, Lp-spaces with respect to conditional expectation on Riesz spaces, Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Application, 447 (2017), 798-816] functional calculus was used to consider Lp(T) for p 2 (1;1). The strong sequential completeness of the space L1(T), the natural domain of the conditional expectation operator T, and the strong completeness of L1(T) was established in [W.-C. Kuo, D. Rodda, B. A. Watson, Sequential strong completeness of the natural domain of Riesz space conditional expectation operators, Proc. AMS, 147 (2019), 1597{1603]. In the current work the T-strong completeness of L2(T) is established along with a Riesz- Fischer type theorem where the duality is with respect to the T-strong dual. It is also shown that the conditional expectation operator T is a weak order unit for the T-strong dual.
We give a Hahn-Jordan decomposition in Riesz spaces which generalizes that of [{{\sc B. A. Watson}, {An Andô-Douglas type theorem in Riesz spaces with a conditional expectation,} {\em Positivity,} {\bf 13} (2009), 543 - 558}] and a Riesz-Frechet representation theorem for the $T$-strong dual, where $T$ is a Riesz space conditional expectation operator. The result of Watson was formulated specifically to assist in the proof of the existence of Riesz space conditional expectation operators with given range space, i.e., a result of Andô-Douglas type. This was needed in the study of Markov processes and martingale theory in Riesz spaces. In the current work, our interest is a Riesz-Frechet representation theorem, for which another variant of the Hahn-Jordan decomposition is required.
In vector lattices, the concept of a projection band is a basic tool. We deal with projection bands in the more general setting of an Archimedean pre-Riesz space $X$. We relate them to projection bands in a vector lattice cover $Y$ of $X$. If $X$ is pervasive, then a projection band in $X$ extends to a projection band in $Y$, whereas the restriction of a projection band $B$ in $Y$ is not a projection band in $X$, in general. We give conditions under which the restriction of $B$ is a projection band in $X$. We introduce atoms and discrete elements in $X$ and show that every atom is discrete. The converse implication is true, provided $X$ is pervasive. In this setting, we link atoms in $X$ to atoms in $Y$. If $X$ contains an atom $a>0$, we show that the principal band generated by $a$ is a projection band. Using atoms in a finite dimensional Archimedean pre-Riesz space $X$, we establish that $X$ is pervasive if and only if it is a vector lattice.
Pervasive pre-Riesz spaces are defined by means of vector lattice covers. To avoid the computation of a vector lattice cover, we give two distinct intrinsic characterizations of pervasive pre-Riesz spaces. We introduce weakly pervasive pre-Riesz spaces and observe that this property can be easily checked in examples. We relate weakly pervasive pre-Riesz spaces to pre-Riesz spaces with the Riesz decomposition property.
Pre-Riesz spaces are ordered vector spaces which can be order densely embedded into vector lattices, their so-called vector lattice covers. Given a vector lattice cover $Y$ for a pre-Riesz space $X$, we address the question how to find vector lattice covers for subspaces of $X$, such as ideals and bands. We provide conditions such that for a directed ideal $I$ in $X$ its smallest extension ideal in $Y$ is a vector lattice cover. We show a criterion for bands in $X$ and their extension bands in $Y$ as well. Moreover, we state properties of ideals and bands in $X$ which are generated by sets, and of their extensions in $Y$.
We investigate properties of order continuous operators on pre-Riesz spaces with respect to the embedding of the range space into a vector lattice cover or, in particular, into its Dedekind completion. We show that order continuity is preserved under this embedding for positive operators, but not in general. For the vector lattice $\ell_0^\infty$ of eventually constant sequences, we consider the pre-Riesz space of regular operators on $\ell_0^\infty$ and show that making the range space Dedekind complete does not provide a vector lattice cover of the pre-Riesz space. A similar counterexample is obtained for the directed part of the space of order continuous operators on $\ell_0^\infty$.
We study three types of order convergence and related concepts of order continuous maps in partially ordered sets, partially ordered abelian groups and partially ordered vector spaces, respectively. An order topology is introduced such that in the latter two settings under mild conditions order continuity is a topological property. We present a generalisation of the Ogasawara theorem on the structure of the set of order continuous operators.
We generalize results concerning $\mathrm{C}_0$-semigroups on Banach lattices to a setting of ordered Banach spaces. We prove that the generator of a disjointness preserving $\mathrm{C}_0$-semigroup is local. Some basic properties of local operators are also given. We investigate cases where local operators generate local $\mathrm{C}_0$-semigroups, by using Taylor series or Yosida approximations. As norms we consider regular norms and show that bands are closed with respect to such norms. Our proofs rely on the theory of embedding pre-Riesz spaces in vector lattices and on corresponding extensions of regular norms.
In an Archimedean directed partially ordered vector space $X$ one can define the concept of a band in terms of disjointness. Bands can be studied by using a vector lattice cover $Y$ of $X$. If $X$ has an order unit, $Y$ can be represented as $C(Ω)$, where $Ω$ is a compact Hausdorff space. We characterize bands in $X$, and their disjoint complements, in terms of subsets of $Ω$. We also analyze two methods to extend bands in $X$ to $C(Ω)$ and show how the carriers of a band and its extensions are related. We use the results to show that in each $n$-dimensional partially ordered vector space with a closed generating cone, the number of bands is bounded by $\frac{1}{4}2^{2^n}$ for $n\geq 2$. We also construct examples of $(n+1)$-dimensional partially ordered vector spaces with ${2n\choose n}+2$ bands. This shows that there are $n$-dimensional partially ordered vector spaces that have more bands than an $n$-dimensional Archimedean vector lattice when $n\geq 4$.
We discuss ordinary differential equations with delay and memory terms in Hilbert spaces. By introducing a time derivative as a normal operator in an appropriate Hilbert space, we develop a new approach to a solution theory covering integro-differential equations, neutral differential equations and general delay differential equations within a unified framework. We show that reasonable differential equations lead to causal solution operators.