Translation dynamics of evaporating sessile binary-mixture droplet populations
The translation dynamics of two binary mixture droplets is investigated theoretically and is corroborated with experiments. The proposed model accounts for the effects of Marangoni stresses generated by evaporative cooling and concentration gradients, as well as vapour diffusion, for both components of the binary mixture. We consider thin droplets, allowing us to use the lubrication theory to derive the evolution equation for the droplet profiles. We numerically solve the evolution equations using the finite element method and examine various cases of pure and binary droplet pairs exhibiting translational behaviours like attraction, repulsion, and 'chasing'. The results show that the combined effect of solutal Marangoni, capillary effect, and thermal Marangoni determines the movement of the droplets. The non-uniform evaporation generated from 'vapour shielding' creates such effects. We observe that for droplets with the same initial composition, solutal Marangoni and capillary forces induce droplet attraction, while thermal Marangoni effects drive their repulsion. For droplets with different initial compositions, the drop with a higher concentration of the more volatile component pushes, or `chases', the drop with a lower initial concentration of this component, completely driven by the solutal Marangoni. We carried out experiments involving water-morpholine binary mixture droplets to validate the results predicted by our model.