Grand unified textures for neutrino and quark mixings
The atmospheric neutrino data imply large mixing between the $ν_μ$ and $ν_τ$ states, $θ_{23} = (45\pm 12)^\circ$, while the MSW solution to the solar neutrino problem needs very small mixing angle $θ_{12} = (2\pm 1)^\circ$. In the quark sector the situation is rather opposite -- the 23 mixing is tiny, $θ_{23}\simeq 2^\circ$, versus reasonable 12 mixing, $θ_{12}\simeq 13^\circ$. We show that such complementary patterns of the quark and leptonic mixings could naturally emerge in the context of the SU(5) grand unification, assuming that the fermion mass matrices have the Fritzsch-like structures but their off-diagonal entries are not necessarily symmetric. Such a picture exhibits a `see-saw' like correspondence between the quark and leptonic mixing patterns so that the smaller the quark mixing angle is, the larger the corresponding leptonic mixing angle becomes. This fact simply follows from the fermion multiplet structure in SU(5). We also discuss a model with horizontal symmetry U(2) in which the discussed pattern of the mass matrices can arise rather naturally.