From Pen to Palette: Mathematical Analysis of van Gogh's Psychological Trajectory
Vincent van Gogh's prolific artistic output and personal correspondence offer a unique window into the psychological trajectory of a 19th-century artist. This study applies computational methods to analyze emotional patterns across van Gogh's final decade through sentiment analysis of over 700 letter segments and fractal dimension analysis of 569 paintings. Using critical slowing down (CSD) theory from dynamical systems, we examine whether van Gogh's psychological system exhibited mathematical signatures of approaching tipping points. Our analysis reveals a statistically significant correlation between visual complexity and death sentiment ($r = 0.193, p < 0.001, n = 524$), alongside evidence for CSD patterns in multiple psychological dimensions before major crises. The 1888 ear incident shows coordinated variance spikes across acquired capability, desire for death, and visual complexity preceding the event, followed by stabilization before the crisis. These findings demonstrate that mathematical approaches can detect psychological transition signatures in historical figures while revealing the complex multi-modal nature of psychological systems.