Phase transitions in the two-dimensional Anisotropic Biquadratic Heisenberg Model
In this paper we study the influence of the single-ion anisotropy in the two-dimensional biquadratic Heisenberg model (ABHM) on the square lattice at zero and finite low temperatures. It is common to represent the bilinear and biquadratic terms by $J_1=J\cosθ$ and $J_2=J\sinθ$, respectively, and it is well documented the many phases present in the model as function of $θ$. However we have adopted a constant value for the bilinear constant ($J_1=1$) and small values of the biquadratic term ($|J_2| D_c$, the excited states are gapped and there is no spin long-range order (LRO) even at zero temperature. Using Schwinger bosonic representation and Self-Consistent Harmonic Approximation (SCHA), we have studied the quantum and thermal phase transitions as a function of the bilinear and biquadratic constants.