Accurate Galaxy Cluster Shear and Mass Calibration for LSST with AnaCal
The observed abundance of galaxy clusters as a function of mass and redshift provides a powerful route to precision cosmology; a key challenge for cluster cosmology is to establish the relation between cluster observables and cluster masses, for which cluster weak gravitational lensing has become the standard tool. A key challenge for cluster lensing is that the shear signal near cluster centers can reach the non-linear regime, where many shear estimators rely on perturbative assumptions that must be explicitly validated. In this work, we use image simulations to test the performance of the shear estimator AnaCal for cluster weak lensing under conditions representative of the 10-year LSST data. We find that AnaCal recovers the input shear with minimal bias even at mildly high shear, $|g|\sim 0.15$. We discover a radially decreasing mean shear response as seen previously in data, driven by the radial dependence of the convergence field; if unmodeled, this effect can bias shear inference. We also find a positive shear-estimation bias at third order in the reduced shear near the cluster center. However, because only a small fraction of galaxies lie in the high-shear regime and those measurements are further downweighted by the covariance matrix, the resulting mean cluster-mass bias for cluster lens masses in $[10^{14} M_\odot, 10^{15} M_\odot]$ -- adopting a scale cut of $\sim 0.2$ Mpc at $z=0.25$ -- is $0.24 \pm 0.26\%$ under ideal settings. These results demonstrate that AnaCal is a robust tool for accurate cluster mass calibration in the LSST era.