arXiv subjects

Antonio Dobado

Publications and source records attributed to Antonio Dobado.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

arXiv2017

Brout-Englert-Higgs mechanism for accelerating observers

In this work we consider the spontaneous symmetry breaking of the electroweak $SU(2)_L\times U(1)_Y$ gauge group into $U(1)_{em}$ taken place in the Standard Model of particle physics as seen from the point of view of an accelerating observer. According to the Unruh effect that observer detects the Minkowski vacuum as a thermal bath at a temperature proportional to the proper acceleration $a$. Then we show that (in a certain large $N$ limit) when the acceleration is bigger than the critical value $a_c = 4 πv$ (where $v$ is the Higgs vacuum expectation value), the electroweak $SU(2)_L\times U(1)_Y$ gauge symmetry is restored and all elementary particles become massless. In addition, even observers with $a<a_c$, can see this symmetry restoration in the region close to the Rindler horizon.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2017

Top-antitop production from $W_L^+ W_L^-$ and $Z_L Z_L$ scattering under a strongly-interacting symmetry-breaking sector

By using a Non-linear Electroweak Chiral Lagrangian, including the Higgs, coupled to heavy quarks, and the Equivalence Theorem, we compute (in the regime $M_t^2/v^2\ll\sqrt{s}M_t/v^2\ll s/v^2$) the one-loop amplitudes $W^+W^-\to t\bar t$, $ZZ\to t\bar t$ and $hh\to t\bar t$ (to NLO in the effective theory). We calculate the scalar partial-wave helicity amplitudes which allow us to check unitarity at the perturbative level in both $M_t/v$ and $s/v$. As with growing energy perturbative unitarity deteriorates, we also introduce a new unitarization method with the right analytical behavior on the complex $s$-plane and that can support poles on the second Riemann sheet to describe resonances in terms of the Lagrangian couplings. Thus we have achieved a consistent phenomenological description of any resonant $t\bar t$ production that may be enhanced by a possible strongly interacting Electroweak Symmetry Breaking Sector.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2017

Spontaneous symmetry breaking and the Unruh effect

In this work we consider the ontological status of the Unruh effect. Is it just a formal mathematical result? Or the temperature detected by an accelerating observer can lead to real physical effects such as phase transition. In order to clarify this issue we use the Thermalization Theorem to explore the possibility of having a restoration of the symmetry in a system with spontaneous symmetry breaking of an internal continuous symmetry as seen by an accelerating observer. We conclude that the Unruh effect is an ontic effect, rather than an epistemic one, giving rise, in the particular example considered here, to a phase transition (symmetry restoration) in the region close to the accelerating observer horizon.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2016

Coupling WW, ZZ unitarized amplitudes to $γγ$ in the TeV region

We define and calculate helicity partial-wave amplitudes for processes linking the Electroweak Symmetry Breaking Sector (EWSBS) to $γγ$, employing (to NLO) the Higgs-EFT (HEFT) extension of the Standard Model and the Equivalence Theorem, while neglecting all particle masses. The resulting amplitudes can be useful in the energy regime ($500\,{\rm GeV}-3\,{\rm TeV}$). We also deal with their unitarization so that resonances of the EWSBS can simultaneously be described in the $γγ$ initial or final states. Our resulting amplitudes satisfy unitarity, perturbatively in $α$, but for all $s$ values. In this way we improve on the HEFT that fails as interactions become stronger with growing $s$ and provide a natural framework for the decay of dynamically generated resonances into $WW$, $ZZ$ and $γγ$ pairs.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2015

Comparing mesons and W_L W_L TeV-resonances

Tantalizing LHC hints suggest that resonances of the Electroweak Symmetry Breaking Sector might exist at the TeV scale. We recall a few key meson-meson resonances in the GeV region that could have high-energy analogues which we compare, as well as the corresponding unitarized effective theories describing them. While detailed dynamics may be different, the constraints of unitarity, causality and global-symmetry breaking, incorporated in the Inverse Amplitude Method, allow to carry some intuition over to the largely unmeasured higher energy domain. If the 2 TeV ATLAS excess advances one such new resonance, this could indicate an anomalous q qbar W coupling.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2015

Resonances in W_L W_L, Z_L Z_L and hh scattering from dispersive analysis of the non-linear Electroweak+Higgs Effective Theory

If new resonances of the electroweak symmetry breaking sector (longitudinal-gauge and Higgs) bosons are found in the 1-3 TeV region, the right tool to assess their properties and confront experimental data in a largely model-independent yet simple manner is Unitarized Effective Theory. Its ingredients are: 1) custodial symmetry and the Equivalence Theorem, that allow to approximate W_L and Z_L by an isospin-triplet of Goldstone bosons omega^a in the 1-TeV region. 2) The effective coupling of a generic, approximately massless scalar-isoscalar h to those Goldstone bosons, and the chiral Lagrangian describing them, valid up to about 3 TeV. 3) The Inverse Amplitude or other unitarization techniques that allow to extend the reach of perturbation theory to the first resonance in each partial wave. We highlight some of the parameter space that can give rise to 2-TeV resonances, for example a simultaneous scalar-isoscalar and a vector-isovector ones (motivated by the ATLAS excess) and also the potential importance of coupled-channel dynamics between hh and omega omega.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2015

Describing 2-TeV scale W_L W_L resonances with Unitarized Effective Theory

The LHC is now exploring the 1-3 TeV scale where resonances of the Electroweak Symmetry Breaking Sector might exist. If so, Unitarized Effective Theory can be used to describe the data with all the constraints of unitarity, causality and global-symmetry breaking, and to find the resonance positions in the complex s-plane. From any resonances found, one can infer the parameters of the universal Effective Lagrangian, and those may be used to inform higher-energy theories (UV completions) that can be matched to it. We exemplify with two-body resonances in the coupled channels hh and W_L W_L- Z_L Z_L employing the Equivalence Theorem and comment on the apparent excess in the ATLAS dijet data at 2 TeV.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2015

Production cross section estimates for strongly-interacting Electroweak Symmetry Breaking Sector resonances at particle colliders

We are exploring a generic strongly-interacting Electroweak Symmetry Breaking Sector (EWSBS) with the low-energy effectie field theory for the four experimentally known particles ($W_L^\pm$, $Z_L$, $h$) and its dispersion-relation based unitary extension. In this contribution we provide simple estimates for the production cross section of pairs of the EWSBS bosons and their resonances at proton-proton colliders as well as in a future $e^-e^+$ (or potentially a $μ^-μ^+$) collider with a typical few-TeV energy. We examine the simplest production mechanisms, tree-level production through a $W$ (dominant when quantum numbers allow) and the simple effective boson approximation (in which the electroweak bosons are considered as collinear partons of the colliding fermions). We exemplify with custodial isovector and isotensor resonances at 2 TeV, the energy currently being discussed because of a slight excess in the ATLAS 2-jet data. We find it hard, though not unthinkable, to ascribe this excess to one of these $W_LW_L$ rescattering resonances. An isovector resonance could be produced at a rate smaller than, but close to earlier CMS exclusion bounds, depending on the parameters of the effective theory. The $ZZ$ excess is then problematic and requires additional physics (such as an additional scalar resonance). The isotensor one (that would describe all charge combinations) has a smaller cross section.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2015

Entropy production in the early-cosmology pionic phase

We point out that in the early universe, for temperatures in the approximate interval 175-80 MeV (after the quark-gluon plasma), pions carried a large share of the entropy and supported the largest inhomogeneities. Thus, we examine the production of entropy in a pion gas, particularizing to inhomogeneities of the temperature, for which we benefit from the known thermal conductivity. We finally put that entropy produced in relaxing such thermal inhomogeneities in the broad context of this relatively unexplored phase of early-universe cosmology.

nucl-th↗

arXiv2015

Possible new resonance from $W_L W_L$-$hh$ interchannel coupling

We propose and theoretically study a possible new resonance caused by strong coupling between the Higgs-Higgs and the W_L W_L (Z_L Z_L) scattering channels, without regard to the intensity of the elastic interaction in either channel at low energy (that could be weak as in the Standard Model). We expose this channel-coupling resonance from unitarity and dispersion relations encoded in the Inverse Amplitude Method, applied to the Electroweak Chiral Lagrangian with a scalar Higgs.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2015

Unitarity, analyticity, dispersion relations and resonances in strongly interacting $W_L W_L$, $Z_L Z_L$ and $hh$ scattering

If the Electroweak Symmetry Breaking Sector turns out to be strongly interacting, the actively investigated effective theory for longitudinal gauge bosons plus Higgs can be efficiently extended to cover the regime of saturation of unitarity (where the perturbative expansion breaks down). This is achieved by dispersion relations, whose subtraction constants and left cut contribution can be approximately obtained in different ways giving rise to different unitarization procedures. We illustrate the ideas with the Inverse Amplitude Method, one version of the N/D method and another improved version of the K-matrix. In the three cases we get partial waves which are unitary, analytical with the proper left and right cuts and in some cases poles in the second Riemann sheet that can be understood as dynamically generated resonances. In addition they reproduce at Next to Leading Order (NLO) the perturbative expansion for the five partial waves not vanishing (up to J=2) and they are renormalization scale ($μ$) independent. Also the unitarization formalisms are extended to the coupled channel case. Then we apply the results to the elastic scattering amplitude for the longitudinal components of the gauge bosons $V=W, Z$ at high energy. We also compute $h h \rightarrow h h$ and the inelastic process $VV\rightarrow h h$ which are coupled to the elastic $VV$ channel for custodial isospin $I=0$. We numerically compare the three methods for various values of the low-energy couplings and explain the reasons for the differences found in the $I=J=1$ partial wave. Then we study the resonances appearing in the different elastic and coupled channels in terms of the effective Lagrangian parameters.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2014

A Strongly Interacting Electroweak Symmetry Breaking Sector with a Higgs-like light scalar

The apparent finding of a 125 GeV light Higgs boson would close the minimal Standard Model (SM), that is weakly interacting. This is an exceptional feature not generally true if new physics exists beyond the mass gap found at the LHC up to 700 GeV. Any such new physics would induce departures from the SM in the low-energy dynamics for the minimal electroweak symmetry-breaking sector (EWSBS), with three Goldstone bosons (related to longitudinal W and Z bosons) and one light Higgs-like scalar. With no new particle content, for most of the parameter space, the scattering is actually strongly interacting (with the SM a remarkable exception). We therefore explore various unitarization methods, that have already be applied to the tree-level WL WL amplitude; we find and study a natural second sigma-like scalar pole there. Of note is its appearance due to either elastic or coupled-channel dynamics, especially since the later is largely unconstrained by current LHC data and could be large.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2014

Strongly interacting $W_L W_L, Z_L Z_L$ and $hh$ from unitarized one-loop computations

Recently, a new boson h has been discovered at the LHC which, so far, is compatible with the properties of the SM Higgs. However, the SM is not the most general low-energy dynamics for the minimal electroweak symmetry breaking sector with three Goldstone bosons and one light scalar. By using non-linear effective Lagrangian for these four particles we study different processes at one-loop precision, identifying the counterterms needed to cancel the divergences. Then we apply the IAM unitarization method on the partial waves, both to make more realistic predictions which could be tested at the LHC and to discuss the limitations of the one-loop computations. The studied processes are the elastic scattering amplitude for both the longitudinal components of the gauge bosons V = W, Z and the hh -> hh, as well as the inelastic VV -> hh.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2014

Strongly Interacting Electroweak Symmetry Breaking Sector with a Higgs-like light scalar

The apparent finding of a 125-GeV light Higgs boson closes unitarity of the minimal Standard Model (SM), that is weakly interacting: this is an exceptional feature not generally true if new physics exists beyond the mass gap found at the LHC up to 700 GeV. Such new physics induces departures of the low-energy dynamics for the minimal electroweak symmetry-breaking sector, with three Goldstone bosons (related to longitudinal W bosons) and one light scalar, from the SM couplings. We calculate the scattering amplitudes among these four particles and their partial-wave projections in effective theory. For this we employ the Electroweak Chiral Lagrangian extended by one light scalar and carry out the complete one-loop computation at high energy including the counterterms needed for perturbative renormalization, of dimension eight. For most of parameter space, the scattering is strongly interacting (with the SM a remarkable exception). We therefore explore various unitarization methods, that can already be applied to the tree-level $W_L W_L$ amplitude; we find and study a natural second sigma-like scalar pole there.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2014

One-loop $W_L W_L$ and $Z_L Z_L$ scattering from the Electroweak Chiral Lagrangian with a light Higgs-like scalar

By including the recently discovered Higgs-like scalar $φ$ in the Electroweak Chiral Lagrangian, and using the Equivalence Theorem, we carry out the complete one-loop computation of the elastic scattering amplitude for the longitudinal components of the gauge bosons $V=W, Z$ at high energy. We also compute $φφ\rightarrow φφ$ and the inelastic process $VV\rightarrow φφ$, and identify the counterterms needed to cancel the divergences, namely the well known $a_4$ and $a_5$ chiral parameters plus three additional ones only superficially treated in the literature because of their dimension 8. Finally we compute all the partial waves and discuss the limitations of the one-loop computation due to only approximate unitarity.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2013

Light "Higgs", yet strong interactions

The claimed finding of a light Higgs boson makes the minimal Standard Model unitary. Yet we recall that the general low-energy dynamics for the minimal electroweak symmetry breaking sector with three Goldstone bosons and one light scalar is not so. We construct the effective Lagrangian for these four particles and their scattering amplitudes, that can be extracted from LHC experiments when longitudinal W, Z modes be properly isolated for E>>M_W (Equivalence Theorem). We then observe the known increase in interaction strength with energy and explore various unitarization methods in the literature in the absence of other new physics (as LHC experiments fail to report anything up to 600 GeV). Our generic conclusion is that for most of parameter space the high energy scattering of the longitudinal W's is strongly interacting (with the Minimal Standard Model a remarkable exception). We find and study a second sigma-like scalar pole of the W_L W_L amplitude.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2013

Shear and bulk viscosities of a photon gas at low temperature

We explore the viscosities of a photon gas by means of the Euler-Heisenberg effective theory and quantum electrodynamics at zero electron chemical potential. We find parametric estimates that show a very large shear viscosity and an extremely small bulk viscosity (reflecting the very weak coupling simultaneously with a very approximate dilatation invariance). The system is of some interest because it exemplifies very neatly the influence of the breaking of scale invariance on the bulk viscosity.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2013

Brane-Worlds at the LHC: Branons and KK-gravitons

We study the possibility of testing some generic properties of Brane-World scenarios at the LHC. In particular, we pay attention to KK-graviton and branon production. Both signals can be dominant depending on the value of the brane tension. We analyze the differences between these two signatures. Finally, we use recent data in the single photon channel from the ATLAS collaboration to constraint the parameter space of both phenomenologies.

hep-ph↗