Fundamental error bound for entanglement generation between interacting Rydberg atoms
We analytically derive the lower error bound for the preparation of any maximally entangled state of two atoms involving Rydberg-state interactions. This fundamental bound represents the minimum achievable error $E \geq ( 1 + \pi/2 ) \Gamma/B$ due to spontaneous decay $\Gamma$ of the Rydberg states and their finite interaction strength $B$, assuming that all other technical errors can be eliminated. Using quantum optimal control methods, we identify laser pulses for preparing a maximally entangled state of a pair of atomic qubits with an error only $1\%$ above the derived fundamental bound.