Antti Pinomaa | Searcharxiv

arXiv2022

IEC-61850 Performance Evaluation in a 5G Cellular Network: UDP and TCP Analysis

This chapter summarizes the results obtained from a test bed, which is composed of a microgrid and a wireless network, both relying on real and practical premises. This test bed aims to evaluate application protocols considered in the transport layer of the standard IEC-61850. The application is a data gathering system, where IEC-61850 messages are transmitted from and between different elements in a microgrid system, such as IED, publishers, and subscribers, which are node elements that are part of the utility grid. The standard IEC-61850 defines many protocols, such as SV, GOOSE, and MMS, each of them with a variety of requirements and sharing similar transport communication protocols, such as TCP and UDP. Hence, a testing framework is used in the test bed in order to evaluate the performance of these protocols aiming to enable the communication in a real microgrid deployment. The IEC-61850 messages transported by TCP or UDP are transmitted to a centralized location, where a local database stores the information under different test scenarios and using different transmission sample times. The overall results are promising and indicate that the protocols based on TCP in combination with a 5G cellular network architecture would be suitable for most applications within the studied microgrid case. In the case of UDP, the performance indicated some specific constraints related to the multiple access nature of simultaneous transmissions and also based on the SINR.

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arXiv2018

Energy Internet via Packetized Management: Enabling Technologies and Deployment Challenges

This paper investigates the possibility of building the Energy Internet via a packetized management of non-industrial loads. The proposed solution is based on the cyber-physical implementation of energy packets where flexible loads send use requests to an energy server. Based on the existing literature, we explain how and why this approach could scale up to interconnected micro-grids, also pointing out the challenges involved in relation to the physical deployment of electricity network. We then assess how machine-type wireless communications, as part of 5G and beyond systems, will achieve the low latency and ultra reliability needed by the micro-grid protection while providing the massive coverage needed by the packetized management. This more distributed grid organization also requires localized governance models. We cite few existing examples as local markets, energy communities and micro-operator that support such novel arrangements. We close the paper by providing an overview of ongoing activities that support the proposed vision and possible ways to move forward.

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