arXiv subjects

Archit Kalra

Publications and source records attributed to Archit Kalra.

3 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2025

Word2Spike: Poisson Rate Coding for Associative Memories and Neuromorphic Algorithms

Spiking neural networks offer a promising path toward energy-efficient, brain-like associative memory. This paper introduces Word2Spike, a novel rate coding mechanism that combines continuous word embeddings and neuromorphic architectures. We develop a one-to-one mapping that converts multi-dimensional word vectors into spike-based attractor states using Poisson processes. Using BitNet b1.58 quantization, we maintain 97% semantic similarity of continuous embeddings on SimLex-999 while achieving 100% reconstruction accuracy on 10,000 words from OpenAI's text-embedding-3-large. We preserve analogy performance (100% of original embedding performance) even under intentionally introduced noise, indicating a resilient mechanism for semantic encoding in neuromorphic systems. Next steps include integrating the mapping with spiking transformers and liquid state machines (resembling Hopfield Networks) for further evaluation.

cs.NE↗

arXiv2022

Estimating the potential of ionizing radiation-induced radiolysis for microbial metabolism on terrestrial planets and satellites with rarefied atmospheres

Ionizing radiation is known to have a destructive effect on biology by causing damage to the DNA, cells, and production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), among other things. While direct exposure to high radiation dose is indeed not favorable for biological activity, ionizing radiation can, and in some cases is known to produce a number of biologically useful products. One such mechanism is the production of biologically useful products via charged particle-induced radiolysis. Some of the byproducts are impossible to produce with lower-energy radiation (such as sunlight), opening up new avenues for life to utilize them. The main objective of the manuscript is to explore the concept of a Radiolytic Habitable Zone (RHZ), where the chemistry of GCR-induced radiolysis can be potentially utilized for metabolic activity. We first calculate the energy deposition and the electron production rate using the GEANT4 numerical model, then estimate the current production and possible chemical pathways which could be useful for supporting biological activity on Mars, Europa and Enceladus. The concept of RHZ provides a novel framework for understanding the potential for life in high-radiation environments. By combining energy deposition calculations with the energy requirements of microbial cells, we have defined the RHZ for Mars, Europa, and Enceladus. These zones represent the regions where radiolysis-driven energy production is sufficient to sustain microbial metabolism. We find that bacterial cell density is highest in Enceladus, followed by Mars and Europa. We discuss the implications of these mechanisms for the habitability of such objects in the Solar system and beyond.

astro-ph.EP↗

arXiv2021

Final Report for SAG 22: A Target Star Archive for Exoplanet Science

Present and upcoming NASA missions will be intensively observing a selected, partially overlapping set of stars for exoplanet studies. Key physical and chemical information about these stars and their systems is needed for planning observations and interpreting the results. A target star archive of such data would benefit a wide cross-section of the exoplanet community by enhancing the chances of mission success and improving the efficiency of mission observatories. It would also provide a common, accessible resource for scientific analysis based on standardized assumptions, while revealing gaps or deficiencies in existing knowledge of stellar properties necessary for exoplanetary system characterization.

astro-ph.IM↗