arXiv subjects

Ari Pouttu

Publications and source records attributed to Ari Pouttu.

10 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2025

6G Resilience -- White Paper

6G must be designed to withstand, adapt to, and evolve amid prolonged, complex disruptions. Mobile networks' shift from efficiency-first to sustainability-aware has motivated this white paper to assert that resilience is a primary design goal, alongside sustainability and efficiency, encompassing technology, architecture, and economics. We promote resilience by analysing dependencies between mobile networks and other critical systems, such as energy, transport, and emergency services, and illustrate how cascading failures spread through infrastructures. We formalise resilience using the 3R framework: reliability, robustness, resilience. Subsequently, we translate this into measurable capabilities: graceful degradation, situational awareness, rapid reconfiguration, and learning-driven improvement and recovery. Architecturally, we promote edge-native and locality-aware designs, open interfaces, and programmability to enable islanded operations, fallback modes, and multi-layer diversity (radio, compute, energy, timing). Key enablers include AI-native control loops with verifiable behaviour, zero-trust security rooted in hardware and supply-chain integrity, and networking techniques that prioritise critical traffic, time-sensitive flows, and inter-domain coordination. Resilience also has a techno-economic aspect: open platforms and high-quality complementors generate ecosystem externalities that enhance resilience while opening new markets. We identify nine business-model groups and several patterns aligned with the 3R objectives, and we outline governance and standardisation. This white paper serves as an initial step and catalyst for 6G resilience. It aims to inspire researchers, professionals, government officials, and the public, providing them with the essential components to understand and shape the development of 6G resilience.

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arXiv2021

Beyond 5G URLLC Evolution: New Service Modes and Practical Considerations

Ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC) arose to serve industrial IoT (IIoT) use cases within the 5G. Currently, it has inherent limitations to support future services. Based on state-of-the-art research and practical deployment experience, in this article, we introduce and advocate for three variants: broadband, scalable and extreme URLLC. We discuss use cases and key performance indicators and identify technology enablers for the new service modes. We bring practical considerations from the IIoT testbed and provide an outlook toward some new research directions.

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arXiv2020

Achieving Network Slice Communication Service Distribution across 5G Micro-Operator Multi-tenants

Network slicing is the means of logically isolating network capabilities from a one size fits all to a set of different slices where each slice is responsible for specific network requirements. In the same light, the micro-operator concept is targeted at local deployment of 5G for vertical specific services. When a network slice instance (NSI) is created across the access and core networks, it is important to understand how the communication service from the created slice instance will be distributed to different tenants and their end-users. In this vein, we propose a network slice communication service distribution technique for local 5G micro-operator deployment scenarios. This is achieved by expanding or leveraging the communication service management function (CSMF) defined by 3GPP into a multi-tenant manager and a communication services orchestrator. We further describe how the communication service orchestrator will address all the possible multitenant-slice situations that can exist during the distribution of a network slice instance to multiple tenants. The generic technique introduced in this paper will proffer a researchable solution for not only network slice communication service distribution across different micro-operator tenants but pave the way to support future use cases especially when the allocated slice is responsible for multiple tenants or when a tenant requests multiple NSIs

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arXiv2020

Identifying Requirements Affecting Latency in a Softwarized Network for Future 5G and Beyond

The concept of a softwarized network leveraging technologies such as SDN and NFV comes with different merits such as decreased Operational Expenses (OPEX) and less dependency on underlying hardware components. With the amount of increased flexibility, reconfigurability and programmability attributed to future technologies (i.e. 5G and beyond), and towards the complete network virtualization and softwarization, a new set of requirements or parameters can be identified affecting the latency in a virtualized network. In this paper, we identify different latency requirements for a virtualized network. These requirements include the Virtual Network Function (VNF) deployment time, establishment or connection time and application instantiation time. We further test how some factors such as VNFs resource usage, the applications running within the VNF and the shared status of the VNF, coordinately affect the identified latency requirement for a virtualized network. Experimentally, for performance analysis, we deploy a softwarized network based on the ETSI NFV architecture, using open source tools. The results show that the new set of latency requirements is relevant for consideration in order to achieve an overall ultra reliable low latency and how different the factors can affect these new requirements, especially in the core network. Furthermore, the result of our performance analysis proves the trade off between latency of a virtualized network and the resource usage of the VNFs

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arXiv2019

A Throughput and Energy Efficiency Scheme for Unlicensed Massive Machine Type Communications

In this paper the throughput and energy efficiency of an unlicensed machine type communications network is studied. If an outage event happens in the network, there is a possibility for packet retransmissions in order to obtain a lower error probability. The model consist of a network with two types of users, Licensed and unlicensed users. The licensed users allocated uplink channel is also used by the unlicensed users. However, it is done in a way that no harm is done to the licensed users' transmission from sharing the same channel with the unlicensed users. However, licensed users' transmission causes interference on the unlicensed network. Poisson point process is used here to model the location of the nodes and the effect of interference on the network. We study how different factors such as number of retransmissions, SIR threshold and outage can effect the throughput and energy efficiency of the network. Throughput and energy efficiency are also both studied in constrained optimization problems where the constraints are the SIR threshold and number of retransmission attempts. We also show why it is important to use limited transmissions and what are the benefits.

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arXiv2018

Finite Blocklength Communications in Smart Grids for Dynamic Spectrum Access and Locally Licensed Scenarios

This work focuses on the performance analysis of short blocklength communication with application in smart grids. We use stochastic geometry to compute in closed form the success probability of a typical message transmission as a function of its size (i.e. blocklength), the number of information bits and the density of interferers. Two different scenarios are investigated: (i) dynamic spectrum access where the licensed and unlicensed users, share the uplink channel frequency band and (ii) local licensing approach using the so called micro operator, which holds an exclusive license of its own. Approximated outage probability expression is derived for the dynamic spectrum access scenario, while a closed-form solution is attained for the micro-operator. The analysis also incorporates the use of retransmissions when messages are detected in error. Our numerical results show how reliability and delay are related in either scenarios.

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arXiv2018

Energy Internet via Packetized Management: Enabling Technologies and Deployment Challenges

This paper investigates the possibility of building the Energy Internet via a packetized management of non-industrial loads. The proposed solution is based on the cyber-physical implementation of energy packets where flexible loads send use requests to an energy server. Based on the existing literature, we explain how and why this approach could scale up to interconnected micro-grids, also pointing out the challenges involved in relation to the physical deployment of electricity network. We then assess how machine-type wireless communications, as part of 5G and beyond systems, will achieve the low latency and ultra reliability needed by the micro-grid protection while providing the massive coverage needed by the packetized management. This more distributed grid organization also requires localized governance models. We cite few existing examples as local markets, energy communities and micro-operator that support such novel arrangements. We close the paper by providing an overview of ongoing activities that support the proposed vision and possible ways to move forward.

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arXiv2018

Energy Efficiency of an Unlicensed Wireless Network in the Presence of Retransmissions

This paper analysis the energy efficiency of an unlicensed wireless network in which retransmission is possible if the transmitted message is decoded in outage. A wireless sensor network is considered in which the sensor nodes are unlicensed users of a wireless network which transmit its data in the uplink channel used by the licensed users. Poisson point process is used to model the distributions of the nodes and the interference caused by the licensed users for the sensor nodes. After finding the optimal throughput in the presence of retransmissions, we focus on analyzing the total power consumption and energy efficiency of the network and how retransmissions, network density and outage threshold affects the energy efficiency of the network.

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arXiv2018

Increasing the Throughput of an Unlicensed Wireless Network through Retransmissions

This paper analyzes the throughput of an unlicensed wireless network where messages decoded in outage may be retransmitted. We assume that some wireless devices such as sensors are the unlicensed users, which communicate in the licensed uplink channel. In this case, the licensed users that interfere with the unlicensed transmissions devices are mobile devices whose spatial distribution are assumed to follow a Poisson point process with respect to a reference unlicensed link. We investigate how the number of allowed retransmissions and the spectrum efficiency jointly affect the throughput in [bits/s/Hz] of a reference unlicensed link for different licensed network densities, constrained by a given required error rate. The optimal throughput is derived for this case as a function of the network density. We also prove that the optimal constrained throughput can always reach the unconstrained optimal value. Our numerical results corroborate those of the analytical findings, also illustrating how the number of allowed retransmissions that leads to the optimal throughput changes with the error rate requirements.

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arXiv2017

D2D Communications in LoRaWAN Low Power Wide Area Network: From Idea to Empirical Validation

In this paper we advocate the use of device-to-device (D2D) communications in a LoRaWAN Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN). After overviewing the critical features of the LoRaWAN technology, we discuss the pros and cons of enabling the D2D communications for it. Subsequently we propose a network-assisted D2D communications protocol and show its feasibility by implementing it on top of a LoRaWAN-certified commercial transceiver. The conducted experiments show the performance of the proposed D2D communications protocol and enable us to assess its performance. More precisely, we show that the D2D communications can reduce the time and energy for data transfer by 6 to 20 times compared to conventional LoRaWAN data transfer mechanisms. In addition, the use of D2D communications may have a positive effect on the network by enabling spatial re-use of the frequency resources. The proposed LoRaWAN D2D communications can be used for a wide variety of applications requiring high coverage, e.g. use cases in distributed smart grid deployments for management and trading.

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