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Armin Rainer

Publications and source records attributed to Armin Rainer.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
arXiv2017

Extension of Whitney jets of controlled growth

We revisit Whitney's extension theorem in the ultradifferentiable Roumieu setting. Based on the description of ultradifferentiable classes by weight matrices, we extend results on how growth constraints on Whitney jets on arbitrary compact subsets in $\mathbb R^n$ are preserved by their extensions to $\mathbb R^n$. More precisely, for any admissible class $\mathcal C$ of ultradifferentiable functions on $\mathbb R^n$ we determine a class $\mathcal C'$ such that all ultradifferentiable Whitney jets of class $\mathcal C'$ on arbitrary compact subsets admit extensions in $\mathcal C$. The class $\mathcal C'$ can be explicitly computed from $\mathcal C$.

math.CA↗
arXiv2016

Regularity of roots of polynomials

We show that smooth curves of monic complex polynomials $P_a (Z)=Z^n+\sum_{j=1}^n a_j Z^{n-j}$, $a_j : I \to \mathbb C$ with $I \subset \mathbb R$ a compact interval, have absolutely continuous roots in a uniform way. More precisely, there exists a positive integer $k$ and a rational number $p >1$, both depending only on the degree $n$, such that if $a_j \in C^{k}$ then any continuous choice of roots of $P_a$ is absolutely continuous with derivatives in $L^q$ for all $1 \le q < p$, in a uniform way with respect to $\max_j\|a_j\|_{C^k}$. The uniformity allows us to deduce also a multiparameter version of this result. The proof is based on formulas for the roots of the universal polynomial $P_a$ in terms of its coefficients $a_j$ which we derive using resolution of singularities. For cubic polynomials we compute the formulas as well as bounds for $k$ and $p$ explicitly.

math.CA↗
arXiv2015

A new proof of Bronshtein's theorem

We give a new self-contained proof of Bronshtein's theorem, that any continuous root of a $C^{n-1,1}$-family of monic hyperbolic polynomials of degree $n$ is locally Lipschitz, and obtain explicit bounds for the Lipschitz constant of the root in terms of the coefficients. As a by-product we reprove the recent result of Colombini, Orrú, and Pernazza, that a $C^n$-curve of hyperbolic polynomials of degree $n$ admits a $C^1$-system of its roots.

math.CA↗
arXiv2015

The exponential law for spaces of test functions and diffeomorphism groups

We prove the exponential law $\mathcal A(E \times F, G) \cong \mathcal A(E,\mathcal A(F,G))$ (bornological isomorphism) for the following classes $\mathcal A$ of test functions: $\mathcal B$ (globally bounded derivatives), $W^{\infty,p}$ (globally $p$-integrable derivatives), $\mathcal S$ (Schwartz space), $\mathcal D$ (compact sport, $\mathcal B^{[M]}$ (globally Denjoy_Carleman), $W^{[M],p}$ (Sobolev_Denjoy_Carleman), $\mathcal S_{[L]}^{[M]}$ (Gelfand_Shilov), and $\mathcal D^{[M]}$. Here $E, F, G$ are convenient vector spaces (finite dimensional in the cases of $W^{\infty,p}$, $\mathcal D$, $W^{[M],p}$, and $\mathcal D^{[M]})$, and $M=(M_k)$ is a weakly log-convex weight sequence of moderate growth. As application we give a new simple proof of the fact that the groups of diffeomorphisms $\operatorname{Diff} \mathcal B$, $\operatorname{Diff} W^{\infty,p}$, $\operatorname{Diff} \mathcal S$, and $\operatorname{Diff}\mathcal D$ are $C^\infty$ Lie groups, and $\operatorname{Diff} \mathcal B^{\{M\}}$, $\operatorname{Diff}W^{\{M\},p}$, $\operatorname{Diff} \mathcal S_{\{L\}}^{\{M\}}$, and $\operatorname{Diff}\mathcal D^{[M]}$, for non-quasianalytic $M$, are $C^{\{M\}}$ Lie groups, where $\operatorname{Diff}\mathcal A = \{\operatorname{Id} +f : f \in \mathcal A(\mathbb R^n,\mathbb R^n), \inf_{x \in \mathbb R^n} \det(\mathbb I_n+ df(x))>0\}$. We also discuss stability under composition.

math.FA↗
arXiv2015

Lifting differentiable curves from orbit spaces

Let $ρ: G \rightarrow \operatorname{O}(V)$ be a real finite dimensional orthogonal representation of a compact Lie group, let $σ= (σ_1,\ldots,σ_n) : V \to \mathbb R^n$, where $σ_1,\ldots,σ_n$ form a minimal system of homogeneous generators of the $G$-invariant polynomials on $V$, and set $d = \max_i \operatorname{deg} σ_i$. We prove that for each $C^{d-1,1}$-curve $c$ in $σ(V) \subseteq \mathbb R^n$ there exits a locally Lipschitz lift over $σ$, i.e., a locally Lipschitz curve $\overline c$ in $V$ so that $c = σ\circ \overline c$, and we obtain explicit bounds for the Lipschitz constant of $\overline c$ in terms of $c$. Moreover, we show that each $C^d$-curve in $σ(V)$ admits a $C^1$-lift. For finite groups $G$ we deduce a multivariable version and some further results.

math.DG↗
arXiv2015

The Convenient Setting for Denjoy--Carleman Differentiable Mappings of Beurling and Roumieu Type

We prove in a uniform way that all Denjoy--Carleman differentiable function classes of Beurling type $C^{(M)}$ and of Roumieu type $C^{\{M\}}$, admit a convenient setting if the weight sequence $M=(M_k)$ is log-convex and of moderate growth: For $\mathcal C$ denoting either $C^{(M)}$ or $C^{\{M\}}$, the category of $\mathcal C$-mappings is cartesian closed in the sense that $\mathcal C(E,\mathcal C(F,G))\cong \mathcal C(E\times F, G)$ for convenient vector spaces. Applications to manifolds of mappings are given: The group of $\mathcal C$-diffeomorphisms is a regular $\mathcal C$-Lie group if $\mathcal C \supseteq C^ω$, but not better.

math.FA↗
arXiv2014

Composition in ultradifferentiable classes

We characterize stability under composition of ultradifferentiable classes defined by weight sequences $M$, by weight functions $ω$, and, more generally, by weight matrices $\mathfrak{M}$, and investigate continuity of composition $(g,f) \mapsto f \circ g$. In addition, we represent the Beurling space $\mathcal{E}^{(ω)}$ and the Roumieu space $\mathcal{E}^{\{ω\}}$ as intersection and union of spaces $\mathcal{E}^{(M)}$ and $\mathcal{E}^{\{M\}}$ for associated weight sequences, respectively.

math.FA↗
arXiv2014

An exotic zoo of diffeomorphism groups on $\mathbb R^n$

Let $C^{[M]}$ be a (local) Denjoy-Carleman class of Beurling or Roumieu type, where the weight sequence $M=(M_k)$ is log-convex and has moderate growth. We prove that the groups ${\operatorname{Diff}}\mathcal{B}^{[M]}(\mathbb{R}^n)$, ${\operatorname{Diff}}W^{[M],p}(\mathbb{R}^n)$, ${\operatorname{Diff}}{\mathcal{S}}{}_{[L]}^{[M]}(\mathbb{R}^n)$, and ${\operatorname{Diff}}\mathcal{D}^{[M]}(\mathbb{R}^n)$ of $C^{[M]}$-diffeomorphisms on $\mathbb{R}^n$ which differ from the identity by a mapping in $\mathcal{B}^{[M]}$ (global Denjoy--Carleman), $W^{[M],p}$ (Sobolev-Denjoy-Carleman), ${\mathcal{S}}{}_{[L]}^{[M]}$ (Gelfand--Shilov), or $\mathcal{D}^{[M]}$ (Denjoy-Carleman with compact support) are $C^{[M]}$-regular Lie groups. As an application we use the $R$-transform to show that the Hunter-Saxton PDE on the real line is well-posed in any of the classes $W^{[M],1}$, ${\mathcal{S}}{}_{[L]}^{[M]}$, and $\mathcal{D}^{[M]}$. Here we find some surprising groups with continuous left translations and $C^{[M]}$ right translations (called half-Lie groups), which, however, also admit $R$-transforms.

math.DG↗
arXiv2013

Differentiable roots, eigenvalues, and eigenvectors

We determine the conditions for the existence of $C^p$-roots of curves of monic complex polynomials as well as for the existence of $C^p$-eigenvalues and $C^p$-eigenvectors of curves of normal complex matrices.

math.CA↗
arXiv2012

Perturbation theory for normal operators

Let $E \ni x\mapsto A(x)$ be a $\mathscr{C}$-mapping with values unbounded normal operators with common domain of definition and compact resolvent. Here $\mathscr{C}$ stands for $C^\infty$, $C^ω$ (real analytic), $C^{[M]}$ (Denjoy--Carleman of Beurling or Roumieu type), $C^{0,1}$ (locally Lipschitz), or $C^{k,α}$. The parameter domain $E$ is either $\mathbb R$ or $\mathbb R^n$ or an infinite dimensional convenient vector space. We completely describe the $\mathscr{C}$-dependence on $x$ of the eigenvalues and the eigenvectors of $A(x)$. Thereby we extend previously known results for self-adjoint operators to normal operators, partly improve them, and show that they are best possible. For normal matrices $A(x)$ we obtain partly stronger results.

math.FA↗
arXiv2011

The Convenient Setting for Quasianalytic Denjoy--Carleman Differentiable Mappings

For quasianalytic Denjoy--Carleman differentiable function classes $C^Q$ where the weight sequence $Q=(Q_k)$ is log-convex, stable under derivations, of moderate growth and also an $\mathcal L$-intersection (see 1.6), we prove the following: The category of $C^Q$-mappings is cartesian closed in the sense that $C^Q(E,C^Q(F,G))\cong C^Q(E\times F, G)$ for convenient vector spaces. Applications to manifolds of mappings are given: The group of $C^Q$-diffeomorphisms is a regular $C^Q$-Lie group but not better.

math.FA↗
arXiv2011

A generalization of Puiseux's theorem and lifting curves over invariants

Let $ρ: G \to \operatorname{GL}(V)$ be a rational representation of a reductive linear algebraic group $G$ defined over $\mathbb C$ on a finite dimensional complex vector space $V$. We show that, for any generic smooth (resp. $C^M$) curve $c : \mathbb R \to V // G$ in the categorical quotient $V // G$ (viewed as affine variety in some $\mathbb C^n$) and for any $t_0 \in \mathbb R$, there exists a positive integer $N$ such that $t \mapsto c(t_0 \pm (t-t_0)^N)$ allows a smooth (resp. $mathbb C^M$) lift to the representation space near $t_0$. ($C^M$ denotes the Denjoy--Carleman class associated with $M=(M_k)$, which is always assumed to be logarithmically convex and derivation closed). As an application we prove that any generic smooth curve in $V // G$ admits locally absolutely continuous (not better!) lifts. Assume that $G$ is finite. We characterize curves admitting differentiable lifts. We show that any germ of a $C^\infty$ curve which represents a lift of a germ of a quasianalytic $C^M$ curve in $V // G$ is actually $C^M$. There are applications to polar representations.

math.RT↗
arXiv2011

Smooth roots of hyperbolic polynomials with definable coefficients

We prove that the roots of a definable $C^\infty$ curve of monic hyperbolic polynomials admit a definable $C^\infty$ parameterization, where `definable' refers to any fixed o-minimal structure on $(\mathbb R,+,\cdot)$. Moreover, we provide sufficient conditions, in terms of the differentiability of the coefficients and the order of contact of the roots, for the existence of $C^p$ (for $p \in \mathbb N$) arrangements of the roots in both the definable and the non-definable case. These conditions are sharp in the definable and under an additional assumption also in the non-definable case. In particular, we obtain a simple proof of Bronshtein's theorem in the definable setting. We prove that the roots of definable $C^\infty$ curves of complex polynomials can be desingularized by means of local power substitutions $t \mapsto \pm t^N$. For a definable continuous curve of complex polynomials we show that any continuous choice of roots is actually locally absolutely continuous.

math.CA↗
arXiv2011

Quasianalytic multiparameter perturbation of polynomials and normal matrices

We study the regularity of the roots of multiparameter families of complex univariate monic polynomials $P(x)(z) = z^n + \sum_{j=1}^n (-1)^j a_j(x) z^{n-j}$ with fixed degree $n$ whose coefficients belong to a certain subring $\mathcal C$ of $C^\infty$-functions. We require that $\mathcal C$ includes polynomial but excludes flat functions (quasianalyticity) and is closed under composition, derivation, division by a coordinate, and taking the inverse. Examples are quasianalytic Denjoy--Carleman classes, in particular, the class of real analytic functions $C^ω$. We show that there exists a locally finite covering $\{π_k\}$ of the parameter space, where each $π_k$ is a composite of finitely many $\mathcal C$-mappings each of which is either a local blow-up with smooth center or a local power substitution (in coordinates given by $x \mapsto (\pm x_1^{γ_1},...,\pm x_q^{γ_q})$, $γ_i \in \mathbb N_{>0}$), such that, for each $k$, the family of polynomials $P øπ_k$ admits a $\mathcal C$-parameterization of its roots. If $P$ is hyperbolic (all roots real), then local blow-ups suffice. Using this desingularization result, we prove that the roots of $P$ can be parameterized by $SBV_{loc}$-functions whose classical gradients exist almost everywhere and belong to $L^1_{loc}$. In general the roots cannot have gradients in $L^p_{loc}$ for any $1 < p \le \infty$. Neither can the roots be in $W_{loc}^{1,1}$ or $VMO$. We obtain the same regularity properties for the eigenvalues and the eigenvectors of $\mathcal C$-families of normal matrices. A further consequence is that every continuous subanalytic function belongs to $SBV_{loc}$.

math.CA↗
arXiv2011

Lifting quasianalytic mappings over invariants

Let $ρ: G \to \operatorname{GL}(V)$ be a rational finite dimensional complex representation of a reductive linear algebraic group $G$, and let $σ_1,σ_n$ be a system of generators of the algebra of invariant polynomials $\mathbb{C}[V]^G$. We study the problem of lifting mappings $f : \mathbb{R}^q \supseteq U \to σ(V) \subseteq \mathbb{C}^n$ over the mapping of invariants $σ=(σ_1,σ_n) : V \to σ(V)$. Note that $σ(V)$ can be identified with the categorical quotient $V /\!\!/ G$ and its points correspond bijectively to the closed orbits in $V$. We prove that, if $f$ belongs to a quasianalytic subclass $\mathcal{C} \subseteq C^\infty$ satisfying some mild closedness properties which guarantee resolution of singularities in $\mathcal{C}$ (e.g.\ the real analytic class), then $f$ admits a lift of the same class $\mathcal{C}$ after desingularization by local blow-ups and local power substitutions. As a consequence we show that $f$ itself allows for a lift which belongs to $SBV_{\operatorname{loc}}$ (i.e.\ special functions of bounded variation). If $ρ$ is a real representation of a compact Lie group, we obtain stronger versions.

math.AG↗
arXiv2009

Denjoy-Carleman differentiable perturbation of polynomials and unbounded operators

Let $t\mapsto A(t)$ for $t\in T$ be a $C^M$-mapping with values unbounded operators with compact resolvents and common domain of definition which are self-adjoint or normal. Here $C^M$ stands for $C^\om$ (real analytic), a quasianalytic or non-quasianalytic Denjoy-Carleman class, $C^\infty$, or a Hölder continuity class $C^{0,\al}$. The parameter domain $T$ is either $\mathbb R$ or $\mathbb R^n$ or an infinite dimensional convenient vector space. We prove and review results on $C^M$-dependence on $t$ of the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of $A(t)$.

math.FA↗