arXiv subjects

Arnab Char

Publications and source records attributed to Arnab Char.

9 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2025

Edge-colouring and orientations: applications to degree- and $\chi$-boundedness

We prove a new generalisation of Ramsey's theorem by showing that every $2$-edge-coloured graph with sufficiently large minimum degree contains a monochromatic induced subgraph whose minimum degree remains large. From this, we also derive that every orientation of a graph with large minimum degree contains either a large transitive tournament or an induced antidirected digraph whose minimum degree is still large. As a consequence, we obtain two general tools showing that certain extensions of degree-bounded graph classes preserve degree-boundedness. A hereditary class $\mathcal{G}$ is {\it degree-bounded} if, for every integer $s$, there exists $d=d(s)$ such that every graph $G\in \mathcal{G}$ either contains $K_{s,s}$ or has minimum degree at most $d$. With these tools, we obtain for instance that odd-signable graphs and Burling graphs are degree-bounded. We also characterise exactly the oriented graphs $F$ such that the graphs admitting an orientation without any induced copy of $F$ are degree-bounded.

math.CO↗

arXiv2025

$4K_1$-free graph with the cop number $3$

The game of cops and robber is a two-player turn-based game played on a graph where the cops try to capture the robber. The cop number of a graph $G$, denoted by $c(G)$ is the minimum number of cops required to capture the robber. For a given class of graphs ${\cal F}$, let $c({\cal F}):=\sup\{c(F)|F\in {\cal F}\}$, and let Forb$({\cal F})$ denote the class of ${\cal F}$-free graphs. We show that the complement of the Shrikhande graph is $(4K_1,C_{\ell}$)-free for any $\ell \geq 6$ and has the cop number~$3$. This provides a counterexample for the conjecture proposed by Sivaraman (arxiv, 2019) which states that if $G$ is $C_{\ell}$-free for all $\ell\ge 6$, then $c(G)\le 2$. This also gives a negative answer to the question posed by Turcotte (Discrete Math. 345:112660 (2022)) 112660. to check whether $c($Forb$(pK_1))=p-2$. Turcotte also posed the question to check whether $c($Forb$(pK_1+K_2))\leq p+1$, for $p\geq 3$. We prove that this result indeed holds. We also generalize this result for Forb$(pK_1+qK_2)$. Motivated by the results of Baird et al. (Contrib. Discrete Math. 9:70--84 (2014)) and Turcotte and Yvon (Discrete Appl. Math. 301:74--98 (2021)), we define the upper threshold degree and lower threshold degree for a particular class of graphs and show some computational advantage to find the cop number using these.

cs.DM↗

arXiv2025

On near optimal colorable graphs

A class of graphs $\cal G$ is said to be \emph{near optimal colorable} if there exists a constant $c\in \mathbb{N}$ such that every graph $G\in \cal G$ satisfies $\chi(G) \leq \max\{c, \omega(G)\}$, where $\chi(G)$ and $\omega(G)$ respectively denote the chromatic number and clique number of $G$. The class of near optimal colorable graphs is an important subclass of the class of $\chi$-bounded graphs which is well-studied in the literature. In this paper, we show that the class of ($F, K_4-e$)-free graphs is near optimal colorable, where $F\in \{P_1+2P_2,2P_1+P_3,3P_1+P_2\}$ and the graph $K_4-e$ is commonly referred as the {\em diamond}. This partially answers a question of Ju and Huang [Theoretical Computer Science 993 (2024) Article No.: 114465] and is related to a question of Schiermeyer (unpublished). Furthermore, using these results with some earlier known results, we also provide an alternate proof to the fact that the \textsc{Chromatic Number} problem for the class of ($F, K_4-e$)-free graphs is solvable in polynomial time, where $F\in \{P_1+2P_2,2P_1+P_3,3P_1+P_2\}$.

cs.DM↗

arXiv2024

An optimal chromatic bound for ($P_2+P_3$, gem)-free graphs

Given a graph $G$, the parameters $χ(G)$ and $ω(G)$ respectively denote the chromatic number and the clique number of $G$. A function $f : \mathbb{N} \rightarrow \mathbb{N}$ such that $f(1) = 1$ and $f(x) \geq x$, for all $x \in \mathbb{N}$ is called a $χ$-binding function for the given class of graphs $\cal{G}$ if every $G \in \cal{G}$ satisfies $χ(G) \leq f(ω(G))$, and the \emph{smallest $χ$-binding function} $f^*$ for $\cal{G}$ is defined as $f^*(x) := \max\{χ(G)\mid G\in {\cal G} \mbox{ and } ω(G)=x\}$. In general, the problem of obtaining the smallest $χ$-binding function for the given class of graphs seems to be extremely hard, and only a few classes of graphs are studied in this direction. In this paper, we study the class of ($P_2+ P_3$, gem)-free graphs, and prove that the function $ϕ:\mathbb{N}\rightarrow \mathbb{N}$ defined by $ϕ(1)=1$, $ϕ(2)=4$, $ϕ(3)=6$ and $ϕ(x)=\left\lceil\frac{1}{4}(5x-1)\right\rceil$, for $x\geq 4$ is the smallest $χ$-binding function for the class of ($P_2+ P_3$, gem)-free graphs.

math.CO↗

arXiv2023

On graphs with no induced $P_5$ or $K_5-e$

In this paper, we are interested in some problems related to chromatic number and clique number for the class of $(P_5,K_5-e)$-free graphs, and prove the following. $(a)$ If $G$ is a connected ($P_5,K_5-e$)-free graph with $ω(G)\geq 7$, then either $G$ is the complement of a bipartite graph or $G$ has a clique cut-set. Moreover, there is a connected ($P_5,K_5-e$)-free imperfect graph $H$ with $ω(H)=6$ and has no clique cut-set. This strengthens a result of Malyshev and Lobanova [Disc. Appl. Math. 219 (2017) 158--166]. $(b)$ If $G$ is a ($P_5,K_5-e$)-free graph with $ω(G)\geq 4$, then $χ(G)\leq \max\{7, ω(G)\}$. Moreover, the bound is tight when $ω(G)\notin \{4,5,6\}$. This result together with known results partially answers a question of Ju and Huang [arXiv:2303.18003 [math.CO] 2023], and also improves a result of Xu [Manuscript 2022]. While the "Chromatic Number Problem" is known to be $NP$-hard for the class of $P_5$-free graphs, our results together with some known results imply that the "Chromatic Number Problem" can be solved in polynomial time for the class of ($P_5,K_5-e$)-free graphs which may be independent interest.

math.CO↗

arXiv2022

Optimal chromatic bound for ($P_2+P_3$, $\bar{P_2+ P_3}$)-free graphs

For a graph $G$, let $χ(G)$ ($ω(G)$) denote its chromatic (clique) number. A $P_2+P_3$ is the graph obtained by taking the disjoint union of a two-vertex path $P_2$ and a three-vertex path $P_3$. A $\bar{P_2+P_3}$ is the complement graph of a $P_2+P_3$. In this paper, we study the class of ($P_2+P_3$, $\bar{P_2+P_3}$)-free graphs and show that every such graph $G$ with $ω(G)\geq 3$ satisfies $χ(G)\leq \max \{ω(G)+3, \lfloor\frac{3}{2} ω(G) \rfloor-1 \}$. Moreover, the bound is tight. Indeed, for any $k\in {\mathbb N}$ and $k\geq 3$, there is a ($P_2+P_3$, $\bar{P_2+P_3}$)-free graph $G$ such that $ω(G)=k$ and $χ(G)=\max\{k+3, \lfloor\frac{3}{2} k \rfloor-1 \}$.

math.CO↗

arXiv2021

Coloring of ($P_5$, $4$-wheel)-free graphs

For a graph $G$, $χ(G)$ $(ω(G))$ denote its chromatic (clique) number. A $P_5$ is the chordless path on five vertices, and a $4$-$wheel$ is the graph consisting of a chordless cycle on four vertices $C_4$ plus an additional vertex adjacent to all the vertices of the $C_4$. In this paper, we show that every ($P_5$, $4$-wheel)-free graph $G$ satisfies $χ(G)\leq \frac{3}{2}ω(G)$. Moreover, this bound is almost tight. That is, there is a class of ($P_5$, $4$-wheel)-free graphs $\cal L$ such that every graph $H\in \cal L$ satisfies $χ(H)\geq\frac{10}{7}ω(H)$. This generalizes/improves several previously known results in the literature.

math.CO↗

arXiv2017

On the spectrum of directed uniform and non-uniform hypergraphs

Here, we suggest a method to represent general directed uniform and non-uniform hypergraphs by different connectivity tensors. We show many results on spectral properties of undirected hypergraphs also hold for general directed uniform hypergraphs. Our representation of a connectivity tensor will be very useful for the further development in spectral theory of directed hypergraphs. At the end, we have also introduced the concept of weak* irreducible hypermatrix to better explain connectivity of a directed hypergraph.

math.SP↗

arXiv2016

Spectra of general hypergraphs

Here, we show a method to reconstruct connectivity hypermatrices of a general hypergraph (without any self loop or multiple edge) using tensor. We also study the different spectral properties of these hypermatrices and find that these properties are similar for graphs and uniform hypergraphs. The representation of a connectivity hypermatrix that is proposed here can be very useful for the further development in spectral hypergraph theory.

math.SP↗